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Taboo word processing in bilingual speakers of Czech and English
Piskáčková, Adéla ; Chládková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Kaplan, Cyril (referee)
The thesis aims to explore bilingual emotional word processing, utilizing the event-related potentials method. In the literature review, I define the term bilingualism and outline several other related terms. I then discuss the way emotions may reflect in language. Taboo words are classified and investigated as a separate category from other emotionally valenced stimuli. Then, electroencephalography and the event-related potentials methods is explained, finally I describe the way this method has been used for researching bilingual emotional processing, most frequently utilizing the EPN and LPC components and some of the time the N400 too. These components were then the focus of observation during the experiment and the data analysis. No modulation of the EPN was present, which was probably due to the absence of positive stimuli and is in line with most of the previous research. There was no significant change of the N400 either, this is further discussed in the thesis. There was a significant modulation of amplitude by valence at the LPC time window, for both negative and taboo words when compared to the neutral condition at the central electrode site. An increase in amplitude of the LPC was found at the parietal electrode site for the taboo word category in comparison to neutral words. This could...
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Approaches of primary school teachers towards the development of pupils socio-emotional skills
Drahokoupilová, Anna ; Komárková, Tereza (advisor) ; Skorková, Gabriela (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the approaches of primary school teachers towards the development of pupils' socio-emotional skills. The thesis is divided into two main parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, the concept of socio-emotional skills is explained, which is thereafter elaborated in the terms of key components, meaning and methods that enable their development. The text then deals with methods of including the development of social- emotional skills in the school environment. Empirical research is provided qualitatively in the form of semi-structured interviews with primary school teachers. The goal is to find out how teachers develop pupils' socio- emotional skills during their teaching activities. Furthermore, to investigate how teachers understand socio-emotional skills, what methods they use to develop them and whether they are supported by the school to amplify these skills in pupils.
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New 1,3,5-triazine derivatives containing chalcone structural motif: synthesis and evaluation of biological activity
Brabcová, Kristýna ; Havránková, Eva (advisor) ; Marvanová, Pavlína (referee)
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are a current research target in many areas, including the treatment of cancer, glaucoma, obesity, epilepsy, inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and pathogenic infections. This thesis deals with the synthesis of bacterial carbonic anhydrase inhibitors based on the s-triazine skeleton. Twelve new potentially active compounds were prepared by a three-step synthesis. For a few selected representatives, their antimicrobial activity was determined as the minimum inhibitory concentration of selected Enterococcus f spp.. The tested compounds exhibited moderate to significant activity, with great potential for developing effective and safe antimicrobiotics in further research. The antioxidant activity of all synthesized compounds was also determined by the ABTS radical quenching assay.
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Male attractiveness from the perspective of young women
Urbanová, Květoslava ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Fořt, Jakub (referee)
This bachelor thesis examines male attractiveness from the perspective of young women. The aim of the thesis is to describe and map existing knowledge regarding the characteristics perceived as attractive by young heterosexual women in men. The first chapter focuses on the characterization of young adulthood, psychological aspects of this period, and interpersonal relationships. This is followed by a chapter defining the concept of attractiveness and presenting various theories attempting to explain why people are mutually attracted to each other. The third chapter addresses partner selection from the perspective of evolutionary psychology, while the final chapter examines specific characteristics that young women consider attractive in men. The research proposal in the empirical section aims to map out which characteristics women aged 20-30 consider important in evaluating attractiveness in men in short-term and long-term relationships and whether these characteristics change based on the type of relationship sought by the woman. The results of the research could provide a comprehensive view of partner preferences and demonstrate how preferences of young women may differ depending on the type of relationship. Finally, the implications of the findings for understanding romantic relationships are...
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The potential of aldo-keto reductase 1C3 inhibition as an off-target effect of isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 inhibitor enasidenib in leukemia.
Haddad, Melodie ; Wsól, Vladimír (advisor) ; Macháček, Miloslav (referee)
Univerzita Karlova, Farmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králové Katedra biochemických věd Kandidát: Melodie Haddad Školitel: Mgr: Ing. Vladimír Wsól, Ph.D. Konzultant: Anselm Morell García, Ph.D. Název diplomové práce: POTENCIÁL INHIBICE ALDO-KETO REDUKTÁZY 1C3 JAKO NECÍLENÉHO ÚČINKU INHIBITORU ISOCITRÁT DEHYDROGENÁZY 2 ENASIDENIBU U LEUKÉMIE Akutní myeloidní leukémie (AML) zahrnuje nadměrnou proliferaci klonálních myeloidních blastů. Studuje se několik léků zaměřených na mutace AML, přičemž enasidenib (ENA) je prvním selektivním inhibitorem mutací izocitrát dehydrogenázy 2 (IDH2) schváleným úřadem FDA. Současná multicentrická klinická studie ukázala povzbudivé výsledky kombinace ENA se standardní intenzivní indukční léčbou, včetně daunorubicinu (Daun). Exprese transportérů ABC (ATP-binding cassette) a aldo-keto reduktázy 1, člena C3 (AKR1C3) v buňkách AML však může vést k extruzi a hydroxylaci Daunu, což snižuje jeho cytotoxické účinky. Cílem této studie bylo zhodnotit vliv ENA na akumulaci a/nebo inaktivaci Daunu v leukemické buněčné linii KG1α. ENA měla synergický účinek na cytotoxicitu Daunu v buňkách KG1α v souvislosti s jeho vyšší akumulací a nižší metabolizací. Kromě toho AKR1C3 také katalyzuje přeměnu prostaglandinu D2 (PGD2) na 9α a 11β-prostaglandin F2α (11β-PGF2α), který indukuje proliferaci...
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Teaching writing among novice teachers of Czech language and literature at the
Stehlíková, Sára ; Šormová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Saicová Římalová, Lucie (referee)
(in English): This thesis examines the teaching of writing among novice Czech language and literature teachers at the secondary level of primary schools. Its aim is to theoretically present the didactics of teaching writing, writing instruction and evaluation, and the issues faced by novice teachers. Additionally, it conducts a case study of four novice teachers and analyzes their approaches to teaching writing, including giving instructions and evaluation methods. The work comprises of both theoretical and empirical sections, with the empirical part qualitatively describing, analyzing and critically evaluating specific examples of novice teachers. The empirical part draws from semi-structured interviews and questionnaire surveys. It is evident that novice teachers at the secondary level differ in their knowledge and teaching abilities regarding writing, likely stemming from divergent beliefs about the importance of teaching writing at this level. Therefore, through its findings, this work can offer valuable insights into the current state of teaching writing among selected novice teachers at the secondary level of elementary schools and serves as a guiding framework for further research in this field.
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The risks of using mobile phones by the lower secondary school
Buchová, Barbora ; Klapálková, Veronika (advisor) ; Kropáč, Jiří (referee)
The topic of the bachelor thesis is the risks of using mobile phones by the lower secondary pupils. The work focuses on identifying the psychosocial and physical risks of using mobile phones and the issue of excessive use, which is closely related to behavioral addiction. Another focus of the work is the prevention of the risky use of mobile phones with a set of prevention recommendations for lower secondary pupils based on the findings of a research study. The theoretical part of the work is devoted to the introduction of modern technologies with a deeper focus on the specific use of mobile phones by students and the subsequent characteristics of the student according to the age period. The next chapter deals with the aspects of mobile phone use with a more extensive presentation of risks and prevention of risky behavior, especially in the school environment. The research part of the work is quantitative research in the form of a questionnaire survey for pupils of the 2nd grade of elementary school. The questionnaire investigation determines whether the use of the mobile phone affects students in the sphere of lifestyle and social relations, whether there are risks and symptoms of excessive use in connection with the mobile phone, and how the students pay attention to preventive measures....
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Work experiences of individuals with diagnosed borderline personality disorder: Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Půčková, Johana ; Zábrodská, Kateřina (advisor) ; Šustová, Petra (referee)
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a personality disorder characterized by significant instability in interpersonal relationships, impulsivity, and an increased risk of suicidal behavior. While most previous research has focused on the development and symptoms of BPD, less attention has been paid to the employment and work experiences of individuals with this disorder. Therefore, the aim of this bachelor thesis is to gain a deeper understanding of the psychosocial contexts of work among individuals with BDP and to identify barriers and facilitators to their employment functioning. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the definition and diagnosis of BPD, the relationship between mental illness and employment, and the specifics work experiences for individuals with BPD. The empirical part of the thesis presents a qualitative study using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The research aimed to explore the work experiences of individuals with borderline personality disorder and to identify subjectively perceived facilitators and barriers to their employment. The study was conducted through interviews with five participants diagnosed with BPD. The analysis results show that participants perceive employment opportunities as important and helpful in coping with the disorder....
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Study of the Psychometric Properties of the MINT Test
Zástěrová, Adéla ; Čihák, Martin (advisor) ; Smolík, Filip (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to analyse the psychometric properties of the MINT (The Multilingual Naming Test), which is part of the UDS 3 neuropsychological battery. The content of the theoretical part is a description of the MINT test, which is based on the principle of visual naming of objects. Cognitive functions are mentioned, especially fatal functions including their impairments. In the empirical part, the methodology is presented, including the characteristics of the research population (consisting of a group of healthy persons, individuals with subjective cognitive decline and with mild cognitive impairment), measurement tools, statistical analysis, etc., and the results of the statistical analysis performed, which are further discussed. The results demonstrated the ability of the MINT to discriminate between healthy individuals and individuals with mild cognitive impairment, but not the ability to discriminate between individuals with subjective cognitive deficits. The study also shows an acceptable level of reliability of the MINT and its significant correlation with other tests of fatal function and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The work shows that the MINT test can be a useful tool for diagnosing naming disorders in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Key words: MINT test,...
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Communication in Children with an Cochlear Implant: A Case Study
Boušková, Adéla ; Homolková, Kamila (advisor) ; Hudáková, Andrea (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to describe the communication of two children aged 5 and 6 who were implanted with cochlear implants before the age of 3. According to the children's preference for the type of communication, an analysis was carried out focusing on the production and comprehension of spoken language. For the implementation of the research, meetings were conducted in which activities focused on language levels and comprehension were performed. The meetings were recorded and later analysed in detail. A sub-objective of the analysis was to determine in which linguistic level these cochlear implanted children would face the greatest problems, which proved to be the phonetic-phonological level (more precisely, phonetic-pronunciation). In relation to this, it was found that children have the biggest problem in pronunciation in soft syllables, i.e. "c", "č", "ř", "ž" and in double syllables, i.e. "s" and "z". Finally, it was found that a child who was implanted at a younger age showed significantly better results in speech production and comprehension than a child who was implanted later. Key words: communication, preschool age, cochlear implant, speech production, linguistic levels
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