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Critical issues of curricula in geology at lower-secondary level from the in-service teachers' point of view
POKORNÁ, Věra
The work presents the in-service teachers' view on Geology teaching as a critical issue of Biology curricula. A subjective view of critical points in the teaching of science, biology and geology was ascertained through a questionnaire survey among in-service teachers with different lengths of experience in the first part of the research. Geology was identified as a critical issue most often in questionnaire survey as well as in semi-structured interviews, including the method of subjective theories. The comprehensive handbook for lower-secondary biology teachers was prepared based on all information gained from the first stage of study. This handbook contains theoretical support for teaching geology, including already prepared activities for pupils. Selected activities were practically implemented into the practice and the methodological recommendations for teachers who would like to use the handbook in practice were summed up based on the findings from implementation of selected tasks.
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Comparison of volcanic morphology in the Czech Republic and in areas with active volcanism
POKORNÁ, Věra
The main purpose of the bachelor thesis was comparing morphology of volcanic features in the Czech Republic and in regions with active volcanism. The thesis provide a comprehensive summary of volcanic features in the Czech Republic, describe their morphology with use of remote sensing methods and compare them with the features and landforms of active volcanism in the world. A total of twenty-nine volcanic features, 16 of the Czech Republic and 13 structures from the world were compared. Some matches and differences were recorded. The external morphology of volcanoes is similar, but in many cases we can observe differences in rock composition or origin of volcano. The use of distance methods appeared to be an appropriate method, but some limitations appeared: e.g. the different resolution of particular DMR models or insufficient information on the genesis of particular volcanoes. Field survey can be an effective solution. Another aim of the bachelor's thesis was making of a popular-instructive manual for geology lessons at elementary schools and grammar schools. A four-page publication includes a theoretical introduction to volcanic activity, two experiments and a worksheet for the practice of knowledge.
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Conception of death percieved by children
Kubáňková, Jarmila ; Valentová, Lidmila (advisor) ; Pokorná, Věra (referee) ; Klusák, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of this paper is better understanding how children think about the world and what they know about how it goes there. The ambition of the research is to find meanings that children attach to the death. One of the prerequisites of research is the assumption that images of death can not be asked directly without causing undesirable reduction of potentially rich answers. For this reason, Thematic Apperception test was elected as a tool and the children told stories to a pre-selected board. Eleven children, at the age from nine to ten collaborated on the research. All of them attended, or just completed 3rd class in Prague's elementary schools. The research showed that in the stories of children who would still not reach the stage of abstract intellectual operations already appear phenomena such as paradox, the cycle of life, psychological causes as the reason of death, or the idea that memories of the deceased man is a "being with him "and can be a relief. So it seems that the time when developmental psychology theory replace the concrete to the abstract for some other, better reflect reality is not so far. KEYWORDS conception of death, childhood, narrative approach, TAT, thematic analysis of the story
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Theoretical background and evaluation Reuven Feuerstein Instrumental Enrichment
Málková, Gabriela ; Pokorná, Věra (advisor) ; Štech, Stanislav (referee) ; Šulová, Lenka (referee)
This thesis presents and discusses theoretical roots and background of Instrumental Enrichment. Reuven Feuerstein's Instrumental Enrichment was originally designed to overcome cognitive difficulties of culturally different children and adults in after second war Israel. Today this program is used all over the world in wide educational contexts. We introduce this program as a part of large body of research and knowledge in so called "thinking skills" domain too. This thesis also presents data from one year evaluation of this program as a tool for improving cognitive abilities and thinking skills of culturally and socially disadvantaged children in Czech primary school. Research design or our study refers to pilot (never published) evaluation study of Instrumental Enrichment in Czech Republic. It was prepared as a comparative, pre-post experimental design. We were interested in differences between experimental and control groups in performance on assessment battery before and after intervention. Assessment battery consisted of measures of cognitive abilities and IQ, school attainment tests and measures of self-esteem. For qualitative analyses we included diary of Instrumental Enrichment's lecturer and some tests from the assessment battery too. Data from both experimental (N=9, aged between 9 and 11) and...
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The Influence of a Foreign Language on the Communication in the Bilingual Teaching of Mathematics
Ernyeiová, Jana ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Pokorná, Věra (referee) ; Nýdl, Václav (referee)
This work refers to the topic of bilingual mathematics education. It is focused on monitoring the communicational influences of teacher's and pupil's language, categorization of the disturbing effects and possibilities, how the teacher should prepare for them and how to solve them. A significant role plays the reflection of the teacher, as the results were done on the basis of action research during teaching in England, Germany and the Czech Republic. The teaching was realized in a second language as well for the teacher as for the pupils. The teacher was at the same time experimenter as well as author of this work. The theoretical part results from dealing with scientific literature about bilingualism, bilingual education, methodology of CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning), relations between first language, language of mathematics and the foreign language. In the practical part an analysis of lessons performed in mathematics with the subject of probability is carried out. The teaching was focused on playing a game with dice and deciding whether the game is fair or not. The lessons were audio taped and transcriptions of the spoken language were made. An analysis of the language, teacher's mistakes, communicational interference, proportional relations on communication of the pupils and of the...
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Development of the concept of death in primary school children
Kubáňková, Jarmila ; Pokorná, Věra (referee) ; Goldmann, Petr (advisor)
The work focuses on the development of the conception of death perceived by children attending basic schools. The target was to identify differences in the emotional value of the term 'death' displayed by children at the stage of concrete or formal operations as the case may be. In order to achieve this goal a research has been made the objects of which were 7-year-old children (i.e. the first class) and 12-year-old children (fifth class), both attending the same Prague-based basic school. In total, 30 children (15 of each category) participated; in each group the number of girls exceeded that of boys (8:7). The research is based on the Colour Semantic Differential Test. It is evident from the results that 7-year-old children perceive the term 'death' as an ambivalent word while 12-year-old children understand 'death' as a word having a negative connotation.
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Self-identity and Self-evaluation of Children with Specific Learning Problems
Šafránková, Karla ; Pokorná, Věra (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to map the issues of self-concept and self-esteem of individuals with learning disabilities, focusing on differences in emotional experiences and behavior of individuals integrated in common elementary schools, and those attending speciál classes for children with dyslexia. The investigated groups, as well as the check sample, were built up from ten individuals, attending the fifth grade. Each group comprised equal number of girls and boys. In the first phase of the research, children were given the Human Figuře Drawing Test, mainly as a springboard for evoking a friendly atmosphere. After that, the Unfinished Sentences Subtest of the Michal's Projective Interview test set (1974) took pláce. The self-esteem of the children with dyslexia and of the check sample was investigated by the virtue of the SPAS questionnaire (Questionnaire of the school achievements self-appraisal, Matějček, Vágnerová, 1987). The research results show, that there are certain differences between each investigated group and the check sample. Children attending a speciál class tend to be more anxious, introverted, their creations bear signs of regression and primitivism more often compared to integrated children, and reading persists as their major problém. On the other hand, integrated children appear more...
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The Use of Stories when working with Children
Nováková, Lenka ; Marušák, Radek (referee) ; Pokorná, Věra (advisor)
V teoretické části jsem se zabývala tím, proč na děti tak mocně působí poh y mají příběhy obecně v životě člověka takový význam. Dále jsem představila několik p g pro děti, které na silném vlivu příběhů stavějí. Hlavní jednotící linií mého zamyšlení nad emi programy byla míra a způsob zapojení dětí do děje příběhu. K přesnějšímu nalezeni ro e e vztahu k příběhu a k porozumění tomu, co vlastně tato role obnasi, mi posloužila teorie příběhu. . V souvislosti s těmito tématy jsem opakovaně zdůrazňovala otázku zřdpov^ ^ zodpovědnosti za svůj příběh. Poukázala jsem na to, jak podstatnou roli j v lidském životě a jak k jejímu rozvoji mohou přispívat pohádky a pribehy vůbec. Uve a j Aristotelovu myšlenku, podle které je příběh nápodobou jednání a teorie některý ji dále rozvíjejí. Ricoeur upozorňuje na to, že příběh poskytuje člověku určitý odstup od re ty ^ zavedeného způsobu nazírání na ni. Zároveň má příběh stejnou strukturu jak " tak, jak jsme zvyklí ji vnímat. Poskytuje nám tak prostor pro získání urč'tý zkušeností mimo naši bezprostřední realitu a umožňuje uplatnit je v našem každo Mezi takové zkušenosti patří právě zkušenost s vedením vlastního příběhu a zo p něj. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Theory and Practice with Children with Specific Needs
Morávková, Simona ; Pokorná, Věra (advisor) ; Michalová, Zdena (referee)
Bad succes of children is one of the most common topics of pedagogical and psychological literature in all the civilizated countries. Since sixties experts hav realised that the remedy oťall kinds of defects shouldn't be orientated only on children's behaviour, but on their globál condition. This should be an importatnt turnaround. Since then vve don't use a term: "disorder", byt vve ťocus on iťs solution itselť. For example vvhat to do vvhen a pupil switches letters while vvriting, has problems with reading, or even is difficult to control, cheats, steals things. My essay could be a kong of motivation to give the children more time, trying to get to knovv them better. The most imortatnt thing is chilďs sociál situation and iťs position in group, family, school. We should also try to fing out its way of communication. Iťs neccesary to communicate with a pupil as an individual.
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