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Possibilities of using the multigenerational test on the organism Daphnia magna
Měšťánková, Anna ; Maršálková, Eliška (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the study of the effects of pharmaceutical substances ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and acetylsalicylic acid, as well as their combinations, on the freshwater organism Daphnia magna through multigenerational ecotoxicological tests. The presence of pharmaceutical residues in ecosystems is a significant environmental problem, which necessitates a deeper understanding of their long-term effects on organisms, including aquatic ones. The work monitored the influence of the aforementioned pharmaceuticals through acute tests, as well as chronic ones. While the acute toxicity of these substances is not significant, their long-term impact was demonstrated through chronic tests. A significant decrease in the reproductive capacity of D. magna was observed, manifesting not only in the delay of the first brood but primarily in the overall decrease in offspring numbers across generations. The findings indicate that the combination of drugs can have synergistic toxic effects, which in some cases may lead to a complete cessation of reproduction. Additionally, growth inhibitions, behavioral changes, and body deformations in exposed organisms were observed. These multigenerational tests provide a comprehensive and realistic view of the potential ecotoxicological risk of pharmaceuticals in freshwater ecosystems and support the need for in-depth research on the impact of pharmaceuticals on aquatic organisms.
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Various approach to control and preventive actions of Legionella Bacteria in Open cooling water systems
Švábová, Natálie ; Maršálková, Eliška (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
Legionella spec. is dangerous type of bacteria for humans, commonly found in aquatic environments. This bachelor’s thesis focuses on preventive and legislative measures addressing these bacteria in wates of open cooling systems. The first part describes basic properties of Legionella spec., diseases caused by these bacteria, and briefly comments on selected outbreaks. The next section is devoted to cooling systems, with a focus on open cooling systems. The final part describes legislative and regulatory frameworks for protection against Legionella bacteria in Germany, Poland, Austria, Slovakia, and the United Kingdom. The measures taken in the Czech Republic are also describes in detail. The comparison of the various legislative measures indicates that the Czech Republic should adopt measures concerning Legionella bacteria into its legislative framework.
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Process of destratification at Brno dam reservoir
Marek, Tomáš ; Maršálková, Eliška (referee) ; Palčík,, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis deals with the process of destratification at the Brno dam reservoir within the activities of a larger project "Clean Svratka", aimed to improvement of water quality in the catchment area upstream the Brno dam. At the Brno dam the project "Implementation of measures at the Brno Reservoir" has been in progress for the third year. Its aim is the proposal and implementation of measures to suppress the cyanobacteria mass development in the dam lake. One of the key measures is aeration and mixing of dam water through a 20 aeration tower. The theoretical part of this thesis focuses on seasonal conditions in the dam lake, the technology suitable for destratification and aeration and possibilities of their use. In the practical part of the thesis the seasonal destratification and the impact of meteorological conditions are monitored.
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Flow cytometric method to monitor the viability of microbial populations in drinking water
Maršálková, Eliška ; Makieieva, Y. ; Kovar, K.
The microbiome of natural water from an artesian well (i.e., bottled water of this origin) was characterised using a method combining staining with fluorescence dyes and cell counting by flow cytometry. These investigations revealed the microbial fingerprint of such high-quality drinking water (i.e., containing about 14 thousands cells per mL) as well as changes in total cell count (TCC), dead cell count (DCC) and the ratio of living cells with high (HNA) and low (LNA) nucleic acid content. Hydrogen peroxide, ozone, and free radicals were produced in water exposed to CaviPlazma, while cell viability was reduced, both within the original microbiome and in an inoculated laboratory culture of E. coli. In this treated water, microbial cells died, total cell counts decayed by lysis and dissolved assimilable carbon (AOC) increased. Unique findings from these laboratory experiments facilitate our understanding of the effects of oxidation processes on the viability of microorganisms as well as the potential future use of these technologies for drinking water disinfection and protection against regrowth of possible contaminants.
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Use of the organism Daphnia magna in a multigenerational ecotoxicity test
Klasová, Kristýna ; Maršálková, Eliška (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the multigenerational effect of microparticles of the biodegradable polymer polyhydroxybutyrate (P3HB) on the freshwater organism Daphnia magna. The presence of microplastics in the environment is a frequently discussed environmental problem, hence efforts are being made to develop biodegradable plastics that would degrade more easily in the environment. The most studied biopolymer P3HB, however, there is not much information on its ecotoxicity yet. In the context of this work, ecotoxicity was assessed using a multigeneration assay; in addition, the effect of P3HB microparticles was compared to that of naturally occurring particles. Multigeneration assays are not yet commonly used for ecotoxicological evaluation, but they offer a comprehensive and realistic view of the effect of the test substance on the test organisms. In this work, 4 generations of D. magna were exposed to P3HB microparticles and kaolin microparticles for comparison. The results showed no negative effect on the mortality of the organism, but a slight decrease in reproductive activity was observed.
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Influence of microbioplastics on aquatic plants
Mácová, Sabina ; Maršálková, Eliška (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
Plastic pollution is becoming a serious environmental problem, for this reason, in recent years efforts have been made to propose alternatives to conventional plastics. Biodegradable plastics appeared to be a possible alternative due to similar properties to synthetic plastics and because they are considered safe and degradable in the environment. However, under real conditions, biodegradation is a relatively time-consuming process that can lead only to biofragmentation into small particles, co-called microbioplastics. So far, very little is known about their impact on the environment. This work deals with the ecotoxicological influence of biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) microparticles in two size fractions (particles
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Biotic threats to garden monuments: algae, cyanobacteria and invasive plant species
Pergl, Jan ; Perglová, Irena ; Albrechtová, J. ; Antl, Tomáš ; Abarenkov, K. ; Baldrian, Petr ; Cihlářová, L. ; Klečka, Jan ; Kohout, Petr ; Kvasničková, Jana ; Maršálek, Blahoslav ; Maršálková, Eliška ; Pejchal, Miloš ; Petružálková, M. ; Petřík, Petr ; Pyšek, Petr ; Sádlo, Jiří ; Štefl, Lukáš ; Tedersoo, L. ; Větrovský, T. ; Vlk, Lukáš ; Vojík, Martin ; Vosátka, Miroslav ; Zezulka, Štěpán
Chateau, city parks and gardens are perceived as harmonious parts of the landscape. Unfortunately, even these areas have to face various threats, and they can be a threat to the surrounding environment. The exhibition /catalogue presents a look at the organisms that threaten parks. These threats cover unwelcomed invaders covering invasive plants and small microorganisms in the soil, on facades, statues or in water. On the other hand, some species that are intentionally brought to the parks can be risky not only the gardens themselves but also their surroundings.
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Návrh managementu a zpřístupnění VKP Maděrany v k.ú. Hajany, bývalý okres Brno - venkov
Maršálková, Eliška
The purpose of the bachelor thesis was to propose a management plan for the important landscape element Maderany and its accessibility. The management proposal was based on an investigation of the current state of the area and on other restrictions, imposed by the forestry management plan and urban planning documentation of the municipality. The attachment contains graphical representations of placement suggestions for each intervention. A literary research on the term important landscape element was conducted as part of the overview of the subject.
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Projekt revitalizace ovocného sadu v k.ú. Hajany
Maršálková, Eliška
The first part of the thesis summarizes the theoretical background elaborated from the literature dealing with the issue of functional plantations in the landscape and extensive management in connection with fruit trees. In addition, field surveys were carried out at the selected locality, which consisted of locality surveys and focused on the current state of existing woody vegetation. By processing the information obtained in the theoretical part and in the field work, variants of the restoration of the old kit at the selected location were proposed. The optimal variant then became the main subject of the second part of the thesis, in which it was further elaborated into modified project documentation for zoning proceedings.
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Vliv klíštěcích slin na fagocytózu borelií dendritickými buňkami
MARŠÁLKOVÁ, Eliška
In this study we examined the effect of the tick saliva from I. ricinus and the effect of recombinant protein IRS-2 from the saliva of I. ricinus on dendritic cells derived from the mice bone marrow. We studied their effect on the production of cytokines by dendritic cells after the stimulation by B. burgdorferi, their effect on the expression of genes, that participate in phagocytosis, and the impact of the tick saliva on phagocytosis of B. burgdorferi by dendritic cells.
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