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Influence of plasma activated water on seed germination and quality of corn
Kovařík, Martin ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Kozáková, Zdenka (advisor)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the effect of plasma-activated water on corn germination. After water comes into contact with plasma, the water changes its chemical composition and thus, it acquires new properties that can be used in agriculture. The theoretical part is divided into two basic parts. At the beginning of the first part, plasma is briefly characterized, and then this part deals with plasma-activated water, its formation, physical and chemical properties, and at the end of this part, its use. The second part of the theoretical part is devoted to the germination of plants, external influences affecting germination and statistical evaluation of germination. At the end of the theoretical part, this thesis deals with the ecotoxicity of plants. The content of the experimental part was the preparation of PAW, its subsequent application to corn seeds and the study of its effect on germination and plant quality. PAW was created from distilled or tap water using three different plasma systems and the effect of each PAW on the seeds was compared with that of each control sample. The obtained results indicate a positive effect of PAW on seed germination, but the final hypothesis would require more extensive experiments in different environments, especially in soil.
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Use of the organism Daphnia magna in a multigenerational ecotoxicity test
Klasová, Kristýna ; Maršálková, Eliška (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the multigenerational effect of microparticles of the biodegradable polymer polyhydroxybutyrate (P3HB) on the freshwater organism Daphnia magna. The presence of microplastics in the environment is a frequently discussed environmental problem, hence efforts are being made to develop biodegradable plastics that would degrade more easily in the environment. The most studied biopolymer P3HB, however, there is not much information on its ecotoxicity yet. In the context of this work, ecotoxicity was assessed using a multigeneration assay; in addition, the effect of P3HB microparticles was compared to that of naturally occurring particles. Multigeneration assays are not yet commonly used for ecotoxicological evaluation, but they offer a comprehensive and realistic view of the effect of the test substance on the test organisms. In this work, 4 generations of D. magna were exposed to P3HB microparticles and kaolin microparticles for comparison. The results showed no negative effect on the mortality of the organism, but a slight decrease in reproductive activity was observed.
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Ecological status of Lake Baikal
Mongolova, Marina ; Komendová, Renata (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to study the ecological status of Lake Baikal. The research focuses on the main problems related to the impact of human activity on the lake. During the study, data on the hydrochemistry of the lake and its tributaries were analysed and scientific papers on the ecological status of Lake Baikal were reviewed. Based on the data were identified the main types of pollutants and places of their concentration. As a result of this work was obtained a more complete picture of the condition of Lake Baikal and were identified its main problems.
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Changes in elemental distribution of rat liver tissue associated with myocardial fibrosis using LA-ICP-MS
Štrenclová, Eliška ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Vašinová Galiová, Michaela (advisor)
Myocardial fibrosis is a pathological condition characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix in cardiac tissue, resulting in impaired cardiac function and potentially serious cardiovascular complications. However, recent studies suggest that myocardial fibrosis may affect not only cardiac tissue but also other organs such as the liver. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to investigate changes in the elemental distribution of liver tissue from healthy individuals by comparing the elemental distribution of liver tissue from individuals with myocardial fibrosis using the LA-ICP-MS method. When comparing the distribution maps of the control and experimental groups, changes were observed mainly in the distribution of iron isotopes; therefore, particular attention was later paid to it. The results of this research may contribute significantly to a better understanding of the relationship between myocardial fibrosis and liver tissue, and the knowledge gained may help to develop new diagnostic approaches.
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Study of the content of risk elements in river sediments of the Váh River
Držíková, Klára ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of selected heavy metals in the river sediment of the Váh River. The elements were selected based on their relatively frequent occurrence and adverse effects on humans, fauna, and flora. Also due to their ability of good accumulation and persistence in sediments. The selected elements have a chalcophile character, which plays a significant role in the occurrence of the elements at the sampling sites. The analysis of the collected sediment samples was carried out using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The highest concentration of zinc (386.58 mg/kg), followed by copper (57.67 mg/kg), lead (42.24 mg/kg), and the lowest concentration of mercury (0.332 mg/kg) was measured in the sediments. Sediments are used in agriculture and forestry to improve soil properties. Their application to soils is regulated by Slovak legislation, which sets limit values for risk elements in the concerned sediment and soil. These established limits were not exceeded in any of the sediment samples.
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Sewage sludge – a secondary source of environmental contamination with heavy metals
Sysel, Petr ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This work deals with the elementary trace analysis of sewage sludge as a potential source of risk elements when applied to agricultural land. A total of 24 samples were analyzed, divided into two sets with different collection dates. The total content of zinc, copper, chromium, lead, mercury and cadmium in sewage sludge, as well as amount of risk elements that are extracted from sludge to water in 24 hours, was determined. Atomic absorption spectrometry was chosen for the analysis. It was found that the risk elements are in sewage sludge in amounts and order Zn (254.68 – 3084.53 mg/kg) > Cu (6.18 – 961.89 mg/kg) > Cr (26.95 – 387 .91 mg/kg) > Pb (0.84 – 155.30 mg/kg) > Hg (0.50 – 4.12 mg/kg) > Cd (0.06 – 2.61 mg/kg). A lower amounts of analyzed metals in the aqueous extracts than their total amounts in sludges were observed. The concentration of mercury and cadmium in the aqueous extracts was below the detection limits. It was evaluated that the risk elements in sewage sludge are found in less water soluble compounds. The results also show that the concentration of risk elements in the sludge does not depend on the number of equivalent inhabitants for which the treatment plant is dimensioned.
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Influence of bioplastic biodegradation on soil properties
Stanislavová, Veronika ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
Biodegradabilné polyméry sa na trhu stávajú čoraz populárnejšími, a to najmä v poľnohospodárstve, kde sa vďaka svojim priaznivým vlastnostiam používajú ako nátery a mulčovacie fólie. V tejto štúdii bol skúmaný vplyv poly-3-hydroxybutyrátu (P3HB), vnútrobunkového bakteriálneho polyméru, na rôzne vlastnosti pôdy vrátane fyzikálnych, chemických a biologických parametrov s cieľom posúdiť jeho potenciálne využitie v poľnohospodárstve. Výsledky ukázali, že P3HB mal negatívny vplyv na obsah sušiny v pôde, nadzemnú biomasu a spôsobil mierne zníženie pH pôdy. Okrem toho sa aktivita vybraných enzýmov výrazne zvýšila, keď sa P3HB aplikoval samostatne alebo došlo k ešte väčšiemu nárastu v kombinácií s niektorými pôdnymi doplnkami. Výsledky sa líšili v závislosti od použitého pôdneho doplnku. Účinky boli buď negatívne, neutrálne alebo pozitívne. Na posúdenie miery biodegradácie P3HB, vplyvu P3HB na organickú hmotu a zadržiavanie vody sa použila termogravimetrická analýza. Bolo preukázané, že prítomnosť organických doplnkov ovplyvnila rýchlosť degradácie P3HB a iných organických látok v pôde. Okrem toho aplikácia P3HB do pôdy viedla k inhibícii rastu rastlín (Zea mays L.). Pridanie zmien do pôdy pred aplikáciou P3HB tento účinok zlepšilo len okrajovo. Dospelo sa k záveru, že biodegradácia P3HB podporovala mikrobiálnu aktivitu, čo mohlo v konečnom dôsledku negatívne ovplyvniť dostupnosť esenciálnych živín v pôde. Okrem toho výsledky z termogravimetrickej analýzy naznačujú, že kombinácia P3HB a biouhlia by mohla prispieť k lepšiemu zadržiavania vody v pôde.
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Study of drugs intake by lettuce
Amrichová, Anna ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Řezáčová, Veronika (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the content of selected groups of drugs in cultivated lettuce. The theoretical part includes a chapter dedicated to the drugs used, their use, physicochemical properties, and their impact on the environment. Other chapters focused on analytical methods for determining drugs, hydroponic cultivation of lettuce, and some parameters of ecotoxicological tests. The experimental part began with the optimization of the QuEChERS extraction procedure. The optimized procedure was then applied to hydroponically grown samples of roots and leaves of lettuce containing selected groups of drugs, which were subsequently analyzed using liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry. The experimental part also addressed the ecotoxicological impact of different drug concentrations on hydroponically grown lettuce.
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Study of plasma activated water application on the total soil microbial biomass content
Poláková, Marianna ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Krčma, František (advisor)
The aim of the diploma thesis was to choose the optimal method for evaluating the content of total microbial biomass in the soil, using plasma-activated water as irrigation, based on literature research. For this purpose, the fumigation-extraction method was chosen, which was evaluated using TOC/TN. The work further focused on the characterization of the physicalchemical properties of plasma-activated water and soil. The rate of decomposition of organic matter in the soil was monitored using the tea bag method, where green and roiboos tea are used to study the rate of decomposition. The content of total water-extractable polyphenolic substances was also determined in green tea. Based on cultivation tests, the presence of soil microorganisms was determined. From the measured data, it was found that the plasmaactivated water does not have a negative effect on the pH of the soil. However, probably as a result of its application, the values of the total microbial biomass in plasma-activated water samples for 10 minutes decreased to the value of (8063±1900) mgkg-1 for TOC and (98±74) mgkg-1 for TN compared to the distilled infusion water, where TOC values were (18068±4186) mgkg-1 and TN (123±10) mgkg-1. .
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Assessment of the effectiveness of modern wastewater treatment technologies using ecotoxicity tests
Goma, Bernadette ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Stále častějším problémem se stává zvýšená konzumace xenobiotik, a tím se zvyšuje náročnost na jejich následné odstranění z odpadních vod, neboť mohou znamenat ekotoxikologickou zátěž pro životní prostředí. Pokročilé oxidační procesy (AOP) představují možnost, jak takovéto polutanty z odpadních vod odstranit. Jedná se o neselektivní reakční mechanismy, jako jsou například Fentonův, UV nebo UV/H2O2 reakce, které pomocí vygenerovaných OH radikálů dokáží odbourat resistentní látky. Tématem této diplomové práce bylo studium vlivu pokročilých oxidačních procesů na ekotoxicitu vybraných léčiv, a to konkrétně ibuprofenu, ketoprofenu, erythromycinu, tetracyklinu, kyseliny acetylsalicylové, sulfamethoxazolu a sulfathiazolu za využití laboratorní jednotky AOP. Veškeré látky byly otestovány na vodních organismech, a to na korýších Daphnia magna a Thamnocephalus platyurus, a také na vodní rostlině Lemna minor. Z jednotlivých měření pak byly stanoveny ekotoxikologické hodnoty EC50, LC50 a IC50 pro zmíněné způsoby ošetření a porovnána jejich ekotoxicita. Dále byla u vzorků ošetřených pomocí peroxidu vodíku měřena jeho koncentrace, jak před začátkem ošetření, tak i po skončení ošetření pomocí AOP. Získaná data ukazují, že peroxid vodíku zvyšuje hodnoty ekotoxicity a v systému se udržuje ve významných koncentracích i po týdnu. Z léčiv testovaných v environmentálních hladinách acetylsalicylová kyselina vykazovala největší ekotoxikologické účinky při chronickém testu na D. magna.
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