|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Rawls's Conception of Justice and His Critic F. A. von Hayek
Polenová, Monika ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
The work focuses on analyzing the concept of justice as fairness in the political and moral philosophy. Mapping the development of opinion on the fairness of the ancient world, which will deal mainly with access to justice in Platon and Aristoteles. Particular attention will be paid to the concept of justice in the social contract T. Hobbes, J. Locke, J. J. Rousseau and I. Kant. The core work will consist of an analysis of John Rawls's theory of justice as fairness and approach to social justice by Friedrich August von Hayek. Keywords: theory of justice, social contract, social fairness, civil society, morality
|
|
|
The Examination of One Form of the Atlantic Modernization's Moral Background
Lánský, Ondřej ; Hrubec, Marek (advisor) ; Arnasson, J.H. (referee) ; Barša, Pavel (referee)
Ondřej Lánský The Examination of One Form of the Atlantic Modernization's Moral Background Abstract This thesis deals with critique of fundamental moral pattern of the Atlantic social space, that shapes some important features of social, political, and human action in the global era and endorses legitimacy of the reigning social order. The main task of this thesis is to show pathological moments of the contemporary development of global society through comparison of some constitutive features of Atlantic and Latin-American societies. The most important theoretical basis for this thesis is Axel Honneth's theory of recognition. As articulations of constitutive features of social normativity (ergo as expressions of shared social imaginaries of social configuration) are used chosen social philosophical concepts: John Rawls' liberalism and Enrique Dussel's philosophy of liberation. The thesis contains therefore four steps in three main chapters. Firstly the author sociologically analyzes the concept of social esteem in the context of theory of recognition. Secondly he examines John Rawls' normative theory of justice. Thirdly the author points some aspects of Rawls' theory, which allow certain interpretation and critique of the social esteem and of the liberal definition of moral legitimacy of the Atlantic...
|
|
|
Paradigma of Democracy in 20th Century
Moláček, Martin ; Müller, Ivan (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
Diploma thesis "Paradigma of Democracy in 20th. century" dissert upon modern theory of democracy. Thesis try to point differences in interpretation of the democracy conception on the basis of four modern theory democracy, which were interpreted in 20th century. Diploma thesis describe these doctrines: theory of competition democracy by J. A. Schumpeter; theory of pluralistic democracy and theory of polyarchy by R. A. Dahl; theory of justice by J. Rawls. At the close of thesis is short comparative analysis based on the main ideas these four democratic theory. Comparative analysis try to demonstrate main differences in the interpretation of democracy idea. It is necessary to understand, that "democracy" ins't exactly single valued definition, but democracy is wide spectrum of various doctrines. These various doctrines have very often divergencies of opinion about democracy. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
|
Political Nepotism
Šebek, Jiří ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Profant, Martin (referee) ; Novotný, Josef (referee)
There is circumstantial and scientific evidence of nepotism in Europe and USA, and among politicians, judges and other elites. Despite this, an access to positions of power in a liberal democracy is restricted in the sense that occupational following in the offices is subject to public scrutiny. There is a conflict between a personal obligation to promote one's kin and a public obligation to promote liberty. This public duty emerges from a duty to allow access to offices of power to those who have the misfortune of not being born as dynastic followers. It is based on John Rawls's original position which is a thought experiment establishing an impartial environment to detect chief principles adjudicating conflicts of moral doctrines, fairly. In it, the condition of impartiality is achieved by means which are found in this dissertation to be excessive. Its blanked ban on biases immolates even those biases which contribute to fairness, despite their partiality. When nepotism is partly considered an expression of altruism, it shows a capacity to increase cohesion, impede free-driving and improve economy. In order to preserve these virtues, an improved condition of impartiality is offered to enhance Rawls's theory and to classify instances of nepotism according to their effects on improving or hampering...
|
|
|
Rawls's Conception of Justice and His Critic F. A. von Hayek
Polenová, Monika ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
The work focuses on analyzing the concept of justice as fairness in the political and moral philosophy. Mapping the development of opinion on the fairness of the ancient world, which will deal mainly with access to justice in Platon and Aristoteles. Particular attention will be paid to the concept of justice in the social contract T. Hobbes, J. Locke, J. J. Rousseau and I. Kant. The core work will consist of an analysis of John Rawls's theory of justice as fairness and approach to social justice by Friedrich August von Hayek. Keywords: theory of justice, social contract, social fairness, civil society, morality
|
|
|
Personal freedom and bonum commune analysis of work theory of justice John Rawls christian ethics from the perspective
Novitzky, Peter ; Rethmann, Albert-Peter (advisor) ; Ovečka, Libor (referee) ; Sokol, Jan (referee)
This work tries to present the importance of the theory of justice of John Rawls from the point of view of Christian ethics, pointing out selected aspect of this theory. The basis for this reflection gives the fact, that the theory of justice of John Rawls is repeatedly cited in the presentations of the principles of Catholic social teaching. In some points they show similarities, in others are in opposition. Furthermore, John Rawls formulates his formal theory in a way to make it acceptable for every rational human being. In this group are also included persons with religious and moral ideas, or how John Rawls call them himself: people with comprehensive doctrines. The rationale to examine the theory of justice is justified also by the fact that Rawls ascribes not ignorable function in the aforementioned theory to religious ideas. Thirdly, in the case of John Rawls is possible to see one of the advocates and fore-representative of the liberal tradition. Liberalism is, because of its ambiguous definition but simultanously real presence in the society and thinking of people, not ignorable challenge for the Church and religious ideas, with which she already tries for two hundred years to tackle. In this work therefore will be presented the life and works of John Rawls, together with the basic theses of...
|
|
|
The Examination of One Form of the Atlantic Modernization's Moral Background
Lánský, Ondřej ; Hrubec, Marek (advisor) ; Arnasson, J.H. (referee) ; Barša, Pavel (referee)
Ondřej Lánský The Examination of One Form of the Atlantic Modernization's Moral Background Abstract This thesis deals with critique of fundamental moral pattern of the Atlantic social space, that shapes some important features of social, political, and human action in the global era and endorses legitimacy of the reigning social order. The main task of this thesis is to show pathological moments of the contemporary development of global society through comparison of some constitutive features of Atlantic and Latin-American societies. The most important theoretical basis for this thesis is Axel Honneth's theory of recognition. As articulations of constitutive features of social normativity (ergo as expressions of shared social imaginaries of social configuration) are used chosen social philosophical concepts: John Rawls' liberalism and Enrique Dussel's philosophy of liberation. The thesis contains therefore four steps in three main chapters. Firstly the author sociologically analyzes the concept of social esteem in the context of theory of recognition. Secondly he examines John Rawls' normative theory of justice. Thirdly the author points some aspects of Rawls' theory, which allow certain interpretation and critique of the social esteem and of the liberal definition of moral legitimacy of the Atlantic...
|
|
|
Rawls versus Nozick: Theory of Justice as Fairness, or Entitlement
PILNÁ, Martina
This work deals with the different concepts of justice that are presented by works of John Rawls and Robert Nozick. Seeing that they are liberal authors, the first chapter is devoted to liberalism and its forms. Rawls is presented as a supporter of modern liberalism and Nozick is presented as a representative of classical liberalism, concretely libertarianism. The second chapter discusses how both authors describe natural state. The third chapter is devoted to it how Rawls and Nozick talk about conception of liberty. The following chapter describes and compares their theories of justice: justice as fairness and justice as entitlement. The fifth chapter deals with the final reflection on the theories of both authors. There are presented various reactions and interpretations of the mentioned theories. At the same time, there is shown considerable asset of Rawls?s Theory of Justice and Nozick?s Anarchy, State and Utopia which both influenced political-philosophical discussion.
|
guest ::
