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Plato and Aristotle on the Functions of the State
Blecharž, Samuel ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
This thesis is a critical examination in a comparative perspective between Plato and Aristotle, paying special emphasis about functions of a state between those two authors deriving knowledge from their own literature as well as other contemporary authors nowadays. This thesis natural goal is to provide its readers a comprehensive idea about a craddle of democracy in Athens that shaped western political thought paying special attention between those two authors and their ideas about proper functions of a state. Then I provide my valuable insights about the topic, considering similarities, differences and my opinion. The Athenian state, as it existed in ancient Athens, was one of the earliest and most influential examples of democracy in the history of Western civilization. The functions of the Athenian state can be understood through various institutions and mechanisms that governed different aspects of society and governance It is important to note that while Athens was a democracy, it was not a modern representative democracy. The functions of the state were largely carried out by a small subset of the population-free male citizens. Women, slaves, and non-citizens had limited or no political rights or participation in the Athenian state. Additionally, Athens was just one city-state in ancient...
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The Impact of Developing Warfare Technology on Just War Theory
Shabalina, Anna ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
Teorie či tradice spravedlivé války je jedním z nejstarších filozofických konceptů, jehož počátky sahají až do středověku. Stále však existují oblasti, které nejsou dostatečně prozkoumány, zejména pokud jde o moderní válku a technologický vývoj. Ačkoli je výzkum tohoto tématu dodnes poměrně skoupý, řada badatelů se shoduje na tom, že teorii spravedlivé války je třeba modifikovat, aby zůstala platným etickým rámcem pro vysvětlení vojenských konfliktů. Výzkumnou otázkou této práce je, jaký vliv má rozvoj válečných technologií na teorii spravedlivé války. Pro zodpovězení této otázky byla zvolena forma výzkumného designu případové studie, přičemž jako tato případová studie bude použit druhý konflikt v Náhorním Karabachu. Práce dochází k závěru, že základní principy teorie spravedlivé války jsou skutečně ovlivněny rozvíjející se válečnou technologií a je nutná další revize teorie, aby byla kompatibilní s rychlým tempem rozvoje válečné technologie.
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Borderline duties and fuzzy values: An analysis of vagueness in ethics
Bridgewater Mateu, Martí ; Andrić, Vuko (advisor) ; Salamon, Janusz (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to argue that the problem of overdemanding obligation in consequentialism within normative ethics is fundamentally a problem of vagueness in the specific sense in which the issue is treated within the philosophy of logic and language. This realisation leads to a substantial reframing of the question with two main takeaways: the first is an undermining of the plausibility of maximising consequentialism, and the second is that certain fairly intricate positions taken on issues of the philosophy of logic bear heavily on commitments we may adopt at the level of normative ethics.
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Relationship Between Citizen and State in the Countries of Former Yugoslavia: Interdisciplinary Investigations
Tasic, Nikola ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Halamka, Tomáš (referee)
The relationship between citizens and the state has intrigued scholars for centuries. This research proposes a new approach to investigating this interaction: the Bipolar Theory Framework. The Framework presupposes that citizens live between two clusters of elements, grouped in the Positive and the Negative pole, which exert diametrically opposite influences on their political loyalty. The Positive Pole acts to foster feelings of loyalty and is based on factors rooted in shared heritage. These elements include shared ethnicity, territory, religion, and symbols. On the other hand, the Negative Pole primarily comprises elements pertaining to the socio-economic and political environment and works in the opposite direction. The elements presented here are political corruption, low SES, and poor quality of public services. The final question that this Framework aims to address is which of these poles has a greater impact on citizens when they make the decision to emigrate from their state. This is presented under the presumption that emigration is the highest act of disloyalty a citizen can commit in times of peace and war alike. However, in order to get there, this thesis followed a carefully developed structure that addressed multiple hypotheses. The first task was to prove the effect of the listed...
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Norwegian state as an important owner
Lukeš, Jan ; Brunclík, Miloš (advisor) ; Salamon, Janusz (referee)
The topic of my final thesis is the development of the political debate about state ownership in Norway associated with extraction and export of oil and natural gas. Norway is the only fully democratic state with such an extensive state ownership of mineral wealth. My thesis is conceived descriptively and I gradually write about the historical political events in Norway before the extraction of oil and natural gas, then I focus on the beginnings of extraction and the important political steps associated with it and I describe the subsequent development. I narrate where there is created a consensus in the public and political debate and where there is not. I compare different opinions on state property policy, the motives that led to such a policy, and the advantages and disadvantages for citizens and the market. Norway is completely unique in the world with such a model.
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The Conservative Dimension of the Chinese Confucian Political Tradition in the Light of Western Conservatism
Zheng, Yinmingwei ; Salamon, Janusz (advisor) ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (referee)
This thesis examines the conservative aspects of the Chinese political tradition rooted in Confucianism and compares it to modern Western conservatism. It concludes that despite arising from very different historical and cultural contexts, Confucian conservatism and Western conservatism share three fundamental principles by emphasizing hierarchical and social order (based on social hierarchical morality), formalism (implying respect for strict political ritual and traditional institutions), and empiricism (respect for the facts and reality, accumulation of wisdom grounded in the past experiences). The importance of identifying these common traits of the Chinese and Western conservatism goes well beyond the scholarly interest in intellectual history of humanity, because the West experiences a considerable conservative revival, while traditional Chinese conservatism continues to exercise a profound impact on the politics, culture and social norms of the Chinese society today, therefore one might argue that conservative principles might provide a conceptual bridge for political dialogue between Chinese and the West. Key Words: Confucianism; Conservatism; Order; Hierarchy; Formalism; Empiricism
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