|
|
Constitutional Prohibition of Censorship in Theory and Practice
Hodulík, Jakub ; Antoš, Marek (advisor) ; Preuss, Ondřej (referee)
Constitutional Prohibition of Censorship in Theory and Practice Abstract The thesis focuses on the constitutional prohibition of censorship enshrined in Art 17(3) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms and presents an analysis of the content and applicability of this institute of Czech constitutional law. Firstly, the thesis addresses the confusion of terms which results from identifying censorship in an extra-legal sense with the constitutionally prohibited censorship within the meaning of the Charter or from mistaking this concept for the prior restraint doctrine known from the Supreme Court of the United States and European Court of Human Rights case law. The thesis is subsequently structured according to the three fundamental characteristics of the examined concept identified in the Czech doctrinal literature. These are critically analysed from the perspective of coherence in the context of the related guarantees of freedom of expression, the sub-constitutional regulation of media law and the intermediary services in the digital space. The fundamental premises of the Czech doctrine are confronted with the existing case law and the starkly contrasting position of the Slovak literature and case law. The analysis drives from the historical evolution of the concept on the Czech territory and from...
|
|
| |
|
|
Censorship on the Internet
Postolka, Jáchym ; Rychlý, Marek (referee) ; Očenášek, Pavel (advisor)
Cenzura internetu je velmi relevantní téma moderní společnosti. Stále více se internet využívá ke kontrole přístupu k informacím a sledováním jeho uživatelů. Cílem této práce je zdokumentovat způsoby cenzury ve Spojených Arabských Emirátech a za jakým účelem je internet v této zemi cenzurován. Dále je to také prozkoumání dopadů této cenzury na přístup uživatelů k internetu, jakým způsobem cenzura internetu omezuje přístup k svobodným informacím a jak je využívána jako nástroj represe. Součástí této práce je návrh a implementace nástroje na zjištění přítomnosti cenzury a jakým způsobem je internet cenzurován. Tento nástroj je sestaven z několika testů, kde každý je zaměřen na otestování jiného způsobu cenzury. Tento nástoj lze úpravou vstupů využít pro testování cenzury i v jiných zemích, než jsou Spojené Arabské Emiráty. Nástroj nebyl schopen zjistit známky cenzury, kvůli jeho spouštění na virtuálním privátním serveru, který svým umístěním v síti obchází cenzorské prostředky dodavatelů internetového připojení, které jsou hlavním způsobem cenzury této země. Pro otestování jeho funkčnosti jako nástroje detekce a analýzy cenzury ve Spojených Arabských Emirátech, by vyžadovalo lokální uživatelský přístup k internetu.
|
|
|
Censorship on the Internet
Kyjovský, Dalibor ; Rychlý, Marek (referee) ; Očenášek, Pavel (advisor)
Internet censorship is a significant and current topic that affects freedom of speech and access to information. This bachelor’s thesis focuses on the analysis of internet censorship with an emphasis on technical aspects, using Belarus as an example. The introductory part of the thesis deals with the context of internet censorship in the world and emphasizes the importance of freedom on the internet. Subsequently, a detailed analysis of censorship means in Belarus is carried out, including technical details and detection possibilities. The thesis also examines tools that allow users to bypass internet censorship. The main output of the thesis is a proposed and implemented application for analyzing the internet environment in Belarus, which allows the identification of censorship mechanisms and provides data for further research. The obtained results support a better understanding of the issue of internet censorship and offer possibilities for further monitoring and development of this application.
|
|
|
Censorship in the Internet
Rajecký, Michal ; Rychlý, Marek (referee) ; Očenášek, Pavel (advisor)
Internet censorship is a phenomenon of the time, which significantly restricts freedom of speech. The aim of this work was to find out the current state of Internet censorship in China. As part of the analysis, I designed and implemented a tool for testing website availability and detecting censorship of potentially blocked keywords. This tool verified different levels of access to a target server. The analysis showed that the city of Beijing forms a significant part of China's system in the implementation of censorship, as it loses a large part of Internet communication, up to 97% of all lost data. Testing also revealed the variability of censorship over time. On average, 57.6% of websites received different results during the testing period. This article provides an up-to-date picture of the state of Chinese Internet censorship and its impact on users. Censorship in China can be considered centralized, very extensive and variable over time.
|
|
|
Russia's "Foreign Agent" Law: the Implications for Non-state Media and Journalists
Repenko, Veronika ; Shavit, Anna (advisor) ; Miessler, Jan (referee)
Tato práce zkoumá aplikaci legislativy Ruska o "cizích agentech" na nevládní mediální organizace a novináře během poslední dekády. Zákon byl přijat a několikrát rozšířen v průběhu trvalého zpřísnění politiky Kremlu vůči zahraničním zemím a vnitřní opozici. Cíle této práce jsou (1) zjistit, jak označení "cizí agent" ovlivňuje profesionální autonomii novinářů a mediálních společností, a (2) jak tyto subjekty transformují své pracovní postupy, aby mohly nadále pracovat pod tlakem tohoto označení. K provedení výzkumu byla zvolena metoda polostrukturovaného hloubkového rozhovoru. S integrací důkazů z přehledu literatury, mediálních zdrojů a odpovědí respondentů tato studie ukazuje, že legislativa o "cizích agentech" je Kremlu využívána jako sofistikovaný nástroj kontroly nad těmi, kteří jsou považováni za "nežádoucí" nebo nebezpeční. Mediální společnosti a novináři označení jako "cizí agenti" čelí finančním obtížím, problémům při získávání informací od zpravodajských zdrojů a dalším obtížím. Musí splňovat vyčerpávající požadavky zákona, fungovat pod hrozbou pokut a trestních obvinění, emigrovat nebo jednoduše zavřít. Celkově respondenti popisují legislativu o "cizích agencích" jako diskriminační. Nicméně práce ukazuje, že se zdají dělat maximum pro to, aby mohli nadále pracovat nezávisle i v této...
|
|
|
Media coverage of Jaroslav Seifert' s life and work in The Seventies and The Eighties of 20th Century
Mazanec, Pavel ; Čeňková, Jana (advisor) ; Maňák, Vratislav (referee)
The diploma thesis is devoted to the Czechoslovak writer and laureate of the 1984 Nobel Prize for Literature, Jaroslav Seifert. The introductory chapters first present a brief history and ownership background of selected periodicals, which are subsequently used as sources of journalistic texts. Other parts also describe the historical and political context of the defined period of the 1970s and 1980s in the normalized Czechoslovakia. Subsequently, this thesis approaches the life of Jaroslav Seifert with a special emphasis on his later phase after 1968. It is in these chapters that the texts of previously introduced periodicals such as Rudé právo, Tvorba, Vokno, Západ, The New York Times and Le Monde are used extensively. Through commemorative and academic texts or the analysis of journalistic texts, not only the famous Nobel laureate is presented, but also the various ideological and political pressures that the mentioned period brought with it.
|
|
|
The National Theatre during the "Normalization Era"
Volfová, Viktorie ; Kudlová, Klára (advisor) ; Šmíd, Marek (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to present the functioning of the National Theatre in Prague under the ideological supervision of the ruling Communist Party in the years 1968-1989. The included chapters aim to provide a comprehensive picture of cultural policy during the so-called normalization period. In these conditions, the National Theatre also carried out its activities. The first part deals with the socio-historical context and selected events that influenced further political developments in the country. The entry of Warsaw Pact troops into Czechoslovakia led to a change in the existing conditions, consolidating power and censorship. Therefore, the second part describes the Czechoslovak cultural state apparatus, individual institutions, and their activities during the defined period. It explores how the state regulated culture and the censorship regulations that were enforced. The third part generally presents the impact of the political changes after 1968 on the theater scene. The fourth pivotal part of the work focuses directly on the National Theatre, not only on its dramatic and staging directions but also on its selected personalities. This part is directly followed by a case study containing an interview with actress Taťjana Medvecká, who has been active in the National Theatre since 1975....
|
|
|
Inside the Dictator's Panopticon: Unveiling Digital Authoritarianism in Belarus
Yaromich, Kathrin ; Solovyeva, Anzhelika (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
Title: Inside the Dictator's Panopticon: Unveiling Digital Authoritarianism in Belarus Název práce: Uvnitř diktátorova panoptika: Odhalování digitálního autoritarismu v Bělorusku. Abstract: The following research presents the first-ever empirical case study of digital authoritarianism in Belarus. While Belarusian propaganda has created an atmosphere of omnipresent surveillance with citizens always feeling watched, there is pervasive secrecy surrounding existing surveillance practices and their functioning. The following research aims to unravel the techniques of digital repression employed by the Belarusian government, as well as to evaluate them in line with the conceptual framework of the usage of digital technologies to the strategic ends of authoritarian regimes and the transformational political effects of such new technologies. In addition to establishing distinct features of Belarusian digital authoritarianism, the research also determines the extent to which Belarusian authoritarianism is digital as well as the role of private actors. Given the lack of academic literature relating to the specific case study, interviews with experts in the field were carried out and consequently utilized in the qualitative analysis along with secondary data. The findings suggest Lukashenka's government effectively...
|
|
| |
guest ::
