|
|
Needs of patients with age related macular degeneration
Houdková, Eliška ; Jirkovský, Daniel (advisor) ; Haluzíková, Jana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the area of specific needs in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to provide an overview of the changed needs of patients with AMD. Methods: To achieve the aim of the thesis, a questionnaire survey was conducted. The target group of the survey were patients undergoing anti-VEGF therapy at an unnamed eye clinic. A total of 70 questionnaires were included in the survey. Results: Based on the statistical evaluation of the data, it was found that AMD significantly affects the lives of respondents in many areas. The majority of respondents identified independence and self-sufficiency as the most affected aspect of their lives. More than half of the respondents (55.71 %) have problems with mobility and everyday activities. AMD also negatively affects the mental health of patients, 70 % of respondents are afraid of depression or anxiety. Respondents find meaning and fulfillment in life, especially in the areas of family and friends relationships, leisure activities, spiritual development, education, gratitude, and a positive attitude towards life. Conclusion: AMD has a complex impact on the lives of patients. It is important to provide patients with AMD with high-quality and accessible care that includes not only...
|
|
|
Mechanisms responsible for sex bias in the prevalence of autoimmune diseases
Ráček, Vojtěch ; Daňková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Ciferská, Hana (referee)
Studies have shown that women typically have stronger immune responses than men. This can also make them more susceptible to autoimmune diseases, with females comprising 80% of autoimmune patients. In women, one X chromosome is epigenetically silenced through a process called X chromosome inactivation. However, some immune-related genes located on the X chromosome, such as TLR7 and CD40L, may escape this silencing process in certain cells or tissues. This can result in a sex-biased expression that contributes to the development and susceptibility of autoimmune diseases like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren's syndrome. Another interesting factor that explains this sex bias is lncRNA XIST, which is a primary regulator of the inactivation process. It plays a crucial role in lupus development and creates an XIST ribonucleoprotein complex with proteins that help establish a repressed chromatin state on the inactivated chromosome. Importantly, many of these proteins are autoantigens in various autoimmune diseases and may serve as clinical markers for the diagnosis of these conditions. While microbiome and sexual hormones also play important roles, the focus remains primarily on XIST RNA and escape genes. Keywords: autoimmune disease, sex bias, X chromosome, escape genes, lncRNA XIST, sexual...
|
|
|
The role of infection of HPV and EBV in the etiology of nasopharyngeal and cervical carcinoma
Machů, Jakub ; Vojtěchová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Španielová, Hana (referee)
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) and Epstein-Barr viruses (EBV) are common DNA viruses that contribute to the development and progression of tumours. These two groups of viruses are associated with more than 600,000 cases of newly diagnosed tumours of different anatomical locations annually. However, carcinogenesis is not a part of their normal productive life cycle. High risk HPV infections are mainly associated with head and neck tumours and anogenital cancers. EBV infections are associated with a range of acute or chronic diseases and tumours, with Burkitt's lymfomas (BL), Hodgkin's lymphomas (HL) and nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) being the most prominent. In recent years, it has been hypothesized that EBV infections may be involved in the development of cervical cancer in woman and that HPV infections may play a role in the development of NPC. The aim of this thesis is to characterize above mentioned groups of DNA viruses and to summarize currently available information about the potential role of these viruses in nasopharyngeal and cervical carcinomas. Key words: human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, cervical carcinoma
|
|
|
Identification of "red flag" items in the S-PMV screening questionnaire
Straková, Lucia ; Urban, Kamila (advisor) ; Dlouhá, Jana (referee)
The recognition and identification of developmental delays or developmental disorders in early childhood development can be difficult, and various screenings are often used. The Screening for Psychomotor Development ("S-PMV") consists of ten questionnaires and is designed for children between birth and three years of age. Since 2019, it has been recommended by the Ministry of Health of the Slovak Republic as a tool for paediatricians, which allows them to monitor the development of the child and catch any delays in its progress. The aim of the present thesis is to identify the "red flag" items in motor, communication, cognition, adaptive and social behaviour in the S-PMV at each assessed age of the child, which the majority of children (>95%) of a given age fulfil and to distinguish abnormalities in development as a result of it. The research sample consisted of 60,298 completed questionnaires from children aged between birth and three years. A total of 48 "red flag" items were identified in all questionnaires except for the S-PMV 9 questionnaire for children between 11-12 months of age, which could be due to the fact that children at this age have reached different levels of ability in the domains of interest and therefore the items in the questionnaire may have been chosen unsuitably.
|
|
|
Dispersal and personality
Rišová, Slavomíra ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Sedláček, František (referee)
Dispersal of animals is an important area of ecology, the study of which is crucial for understanding population composition and dynamics. The acquired knowledge has broad applications in various fields, whether in the efforts to introduce endangered species or, conversely, to suppress the spread of invasive ones. However, dispersal begins at the individual level, so it is first necessary to determine which traits dispersing individuals possess. One possible aspect in which dispersers may differ from residents is their personality. This bachelor thesis provides a summary of literature that focuses on personality predictors of dispersal, comparing personality traits among each other, both within and across three selected taxa: fish, birds, and representatives of mammals - rodents. The literature suggests that in the context of individual personality, besides others, three main types of dispersal exist. In the first type, primarily observed in early stages of life, dispersal of more submissive individuals of territorial fish and rodents is enforced due to aggression from more dominant individuals. However, in birds, it is necessary to secure suitable territory as quickly as possible, leading to the opposite dependence - earlier dispersal of dominant individuals. The second type involves voluntary...
|
|
|
The genus Neotinea Rchb.f. in Europe
Vavřina, Štěpán ; Chumová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Vosolsobě, Stanislav (referee)
The thesis deals with the genus Neotinea from the phylogenetic, molecular and ecologic points of view. Most of its species have been classified in the genus Orchis until the use of molecular methods. Within the Orchidoideae, Neotinea forms a sister clade to the genera Anacamptis, Serapias, Ophrys and Himantoglossum. Six species are accepted now. The current taxonomic circumscription calls for a revision under the influence of new knowledge. Especially in N. tridentata, which contains several well-differentiated lineages and is the ancestor of the tetraploid N. commutata. Also the relationship between N. lactea and N. conica remains unresolved. The genome size within the genus ranges from 6.48 pg in N. maculata to 31.14 pg in N. lactea. All species except N. commutata, whose tetraploid origin is debated, are diploid (2n = 42). Partial endoreplication is present in the genus. The range of endoreplicated DNA is relatively narrow regardless of differences in genome size. Species prefer open, slightly basic habitats. In mycorrhizal interactions they appear generalistic with a preference for Ceratobasidiaceae. At the level of reproductive strategies, the genus Neotinea prefers the generative mode over the vegetative one. N. maculata is autogamous, the other species are allogamous, food deceptive, with...
|
|
|
Virus interaction with the cellular DNA damage response
Lemberková, Eva ; Šroller, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Kadlečková, Dominika (referee)
Maintenance of genomic integrity is an essential mechanism for every cell. Genomic integrity is disturbed by diverse exogenous or endogenous effects influencing the cell and causing damage of its DNA. Cellular mechanisms capable of fixing these disturbances in structure or sequence are indispensable because damaged genetic information can later cause expression of damaged proteins or inaccurate segregation of chromosomes to daughter cells. Therefore, many effective mechanisms for fixing wide range of types of DNA damage have evolved. This thesis focuses mainly on the eucaryotic MRN complex, which plays an important role in detection and repair of double strand breaks. Many viral families try to block these cellular repair mechanisms because they are activated soon after viral infection. One of the reasons for their activation is the resemblance of some viral genomes to the cellular DNA with double strand breaks. Thus, in many cases, the cell ends up inhibiting the life cycle of the virus by attempting to repair viral genomes. However, there are viruses that use cellular repair mechanisms for the replication of their genome, making these mechanisms essential for their own growth. Key words: DNA damage response, homologous recombination, non-homologous end-joining, MRN complex, Adenoviridae,...
|
|
|
Contract for work in the field of construction
Slámová, Anna ; Macková, Alena (advisor) ; Pohl, Tomáš (referee)
Guardianship in inheritance proceedings Abstract The presented diploma thesis deals with "guardianship in inheritance proceedings". The thesis aims to evaluate the meaning and purpose of the institute of guardianship focused on inheritance proceedings, to describe its legislation and relevant jurisprudence, and answer the question of whether the current legislation on guardianship provides sufficient protection to the rights and interests of persons under special protection participating in court proceedings. The thesis consists of five parts, including an introduction and a conclusion. The first part focuses on inheritance proceedings, its legal regulation, sources, and the proceedings in the context of the legal system. Inheritance proceedings are defined as non-disputed proceedings, and a comparison between non-disputed and disputed proceedings is also given. This part explains the court's jurisdiction, the preconditions, the proceedings' initiation, and the notary's role as a court commissioner. The course of the entire inheritance proceedings and the decisions issued in the proceedings are also described. In the second part, the participation in civil court proceedings is discussed. A general explanation of procedural entities, preconditions for participation such as procedural capacity and capacity to...
|
|
|
Role of the SMN complex in snRNP biogenesis
Hanušková, Klára ; Staněk, David (advisor) ; Šubrtová, Adriána (referee)
Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) are an essential component of the spliceosome, a dynamic protein complex that mediates RNA splicing. These particles are composed of a single small nuclear RNA, from which they take their name, a ring of seven Sm or LSm proteins and other accessory proteins. All snRNPs undergo a complex maturation pathway, taking place in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell. One important factor in snRNP biogenesis is the SMN complex, which is composed of the SMN, Gemin2-8 and Unrip proteins. Its most important function is to mediate the assembly of the Sm core domain in the cytoplasm of the cell, with the help of the PRMT5 complex. Furthermore, the SMN complex is also involved in snRNA modification, import of the snRNP core, or assembly of the spliceosome itself. Despite more than two decades of research, some of the functions of the SMN complex and its particles have not been fully revealed, and thus it is not clear from the cell to what extent this complex influences not only snRNP biogenesis but also the entire spliceosome. The aim of this work, according to the available research, is to describe the SMN complex in more depth and to understand its functions in snRNP particle biogenesis. Key words: SMN complex, snRNP, snRNA, Sm protein, spliceosome
|
|
|
Legal position of a child and registered partners within the framework of foster care
Prchalová, Karolína ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
Legal position of a child and registered partners within the framework of foster care Abstract The aim of this diploma theses is to analyse the legal position of a child and registered partners within the framework of foster care and to reply to the question whether the current legal regulation of foster care ought to be altered in favour of registered partners. The first chapter of the theses provides with the explanation of terms family and parenthood and closely deals with legal duties and rights of parents and children. It defines the constitutionally guaranteed right to family life of a child and registered partners and development of judicature concerning this issue. And this chapter also defines the crucial term of the best interests of the child. The second chapter focuses on the legal institute of registered partnership. It deals with the legal regulation and its development, the development of the legal regulation in the European countries, especially in Germany. This chapter also analyses the issue of discrimination and unequal legal position of registered partners compared to spouses. Subsequently both institutes, registered partnership and matrimony, was compared. The third chapter is fundamental. It focuses on particular forms of foster care with respect to the purpose of the legal regulation....
|
guest ::
