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French counterinsurgency: case study of Mali
Strnad, Jan ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ludvík, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis is dedicated to French intervention in Mali between the years 2013 and 2022. Insurgency in Mali led to the deployment of French forces in Operation Serval from 2013 to 2014. However, because of the unstable situation was French presence in Mali prolonged, and Operation Serval was succeeded by Operation Barkhane. In this case is tested claim of a group of authors that French counterinsurgency became similar to the US counterinsurgency after their cooperation in Afghanistan. In order to answer the research question Has French counterinsurgency become similar to the US counterinsurgency? by proving/disproving settled hypothesis are conducted qualitative analyses of Operations Serval and Barkhane. The theoretical framework is provided by the concept of Counterinsurgency's Impossible Trilemma by Lorenzo Zambernardi. The results of both analyses and thus the overall result is disproval of the hypothesis because the French nature of counterinsurgency has not changed, however, the writing of current French doctrine was inspired by the US counterinsurgency doctrine.
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Media analysis as an Early Warning System tool - the case of Mali
Kopečný, Tomáš ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of Early Warning Systems (EWS), a key part of conflict prevention. It applies a model of quantitative analysis of international media outputs on the case of the Mali insurgency in January 2012. As an EWS tool, it analyzes international media represented by the major global press agencies. The main goal of the thesis is to answer the following research question: Did the international media manage to anticipate the outbreak of the conflict in Mali? The answer should also show whether international media can detect growing tensions leading to a conflict and therefore whether they could be used as an EWS tool. The application of the model should, observing the period from August 2011 to the beginning of the insurgency on January 17, 2012, prove whether the conflict could have been anticipated. In order to contextualize the model, structural factors of instability were identified in the discussion of the dynamics of the conflict that has been repeating itself for dozens of years. A discourse analysis of international media during the observed period was also presented on the background of the securitization theory of the Copenhagen school of security studies. The discourse analysis and the quantitative EWS model have both shown that international media have not...
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Application of E.Luttwak's and A.S.Niet's theories on interstate conflicts in Rwand and Mali
Navara, Daniel ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Karásek, Tomáš (referee)
Topic of my bachelor thesis will be apply the theories of E. Luttwak and A. Sanches Nieto on the internal conflicts in Mali and Rwanda. These theories are described in the articles "Give War a Chance" by Edward Luttwak and "Give War a Chance Revisited - The Price to Pay: The Military and Terrorism in Peru" by A. Sanchez Nieto. My work will deal with the application of two theories of these articles on case studies of internal political conflicts, namely in Mali and Rwanda. The difference between these theories can be seen in a positive or negative approach to intervention by external powers into conflict. They support their claims cases in history when the external powers the conflict dragged on, leaving it unsolved or conversely, bring conflict to the end and has raised nearly nationwide state of peace. Subsequently, I will compare both cases in the field of the human loss of life and the stability / instability of peace bequeathed after the end of the conflict. In conclusion, I will try to outline the possible cause conflicts when using the opposite theory solutions to civil wars than were actually implemented.
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Azawad: history and causes of an attempt to declare independent statehood
Čepičková, Lucie ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
This bachelor thesis "Azawad: history, causes of an attempt to declare independent statehood", analyses conflict in Mali, the roots of which go back to precolonial period. The aim of the first part is to describe the historical development of Mali and highlight situations that preceded the conflict between the Tuaregs and the Malian government which led to the attempt to declare an independent state of Azawad in 2013. However, geography of the territory of Mali played a great role, as evidenced Jeffrey Herbst's theory, which highlights the size of the state, population distribution and density of infrastructure. The second part is focused primarily on this theory and applies it to the area of Mali, which answers the question of whether Azawad would be a viable region purely in terms of geographical territory.
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Multiple Peace Operations in Mali
Novotný, František ; Bureš, Oldřich (advisor) ; Ludvík, Zdeněk (referee)
In recent years, some scholars have turned their attention towards the problem of multiple simultaneous peace operations (MSPOs), but with little focus on state motivations for their initiation. This thesis examines the case of the conflict in Mali and the high amount of operations deployed there by different actors. It does so through an instrumental case study of the establishment of these operations and of the French role in this process. The thesis finds that France was at first eager to deal with the conflict by supporting regional actors, but with the crisis deteriorating, becoming ever more involved. Next to its own intervention, it led various international organizations to operate alongside it in order to share the conflict management burden while remaining critically influential and securing its goals. This approach allowed France to balance the interests of its domestic audience, western allies, as well as those of the governments in the region. Based on the analysis, the thesis suggests that the proclaimed logic of division of labor between different organizations deploying MSPOs might be a justification for primarily generating as much resources as available while reducing various kinds of costs, although without any explicit evidence for it being a conscious effort of using the...
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The Role of France and the USA in Battling Instability in Mali and Niger in the Years 2005-2014
Bakurevich, Aliaksei ; Čížek, Martin (advisor) ; Hornát, Jan (referee)
The Sahel is one of the most unstable and underdeveloped region of the world. In Niger and Mali situation worsened after the year 2011 because of of the political vacuum, emerged after the overthrow of Gaddafi. Among basic problems of Mali and Niger, causing instability, can be named poverty, security troubles (uncontrolled extensive borders, terrorism), ethnic conflicts and misgovernance. This paper is concentrated on the US and French activities in solving those problems. The aim of the paper is thus defining of the basic problems causing instability of Niger and Mali, and analyse military and development aid aimed at solving those problems by the USA and France in years 2005-2014.
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Concept of hearts and minds: analysis of factors influencing its success
Janoš, Ondřej ; Doboš, Bohumil (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
Heart and Minds concept is one of the most overlooked approaches of the counterinsurgency. This is surprising especially because the classic coercive strategies are struggling with producing sufficient outcomes. In fact it is quite the opposite in practice and they fail to supress the insurgency ultimately. Hearts and Minds strategy is based on assumption that if the government is able to gain public support the insurgents will lose vital resource for their fight and they will collapse eventually. In this thesis I am going to explore the potential the Hearts and Minds strategy has and demonstrate its strengths and weaknesses. There are five cases of insurgency to be examined in which the Hearts and Minds has been used successfully or unsuccessfully. The first case is the Emergency in British Malaya. Gerard Templer is considered as an author of the Hearts and Minds phrase, therefore his administration of Malaya should be examined I believe. Second case is the FARC insurgency in Colombia. Third case is the Zapatistas movement in Mexico. Fourth case is the US invasion into Iraq in 2003. Last case is the 2012 Tuaregs uprising in Mali and subsequent development. It is clear from the findings that Hearts and minds has its place among the COIN approaches. Even though it is not best suited for all...
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Comparison of the French interventions in Mali and CAR
Zelenka, Jan ; Doboš, Bohumil (advisor) ; Kofroň, Jan (referee)
Bachelor thesis "Comparation of French military interventions in Mali and Central African Republic" will examine problematics of French military interventions in Africa specifically in countries of the formal French colonial empire. Rational choice theory has been chosen as a theoretical base for explanation of French actions. First of all this thesis will describe deeper historical context and current French involvement in particular region. Later on the theory for explanation of contemporary French actions will be presented and it will include definition of main political, economic, social and security motives that can be universally applicable on French presence in the region. This theory will be tested on two recent cases of military interventions. Mali and Central African Republic will be two cases of comparation. In main part of this thesis French military interventions in these states and their comparation will be described. In each case of intervention their course of conflict, form of French intervention, major motives and international reception will be covered. Main objective of this comparation is an overall collation of specific motives of France for operation in these countries while it will focus on strategic, political and economic motives. Military comparation will be included as...
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Framing of the EU Mali mission
Koptišová, Evelína ; Kaleta, Ondřej (advisor) ; Miessler, Jan (referee)
This paper examines how the Czech press reported on EUTM in Mali in 2012-2018, how it was reported by responsible political institutions and how the communicated content differed. In both cases, the predominance of episodic framing was confirmed. Concerning the generic frames, conflict and responsibility frames prevailed. While there have been some characteristics of peace journalism in the press, it is not enough to qualify the media as performing peace journalism in general. In the communication of the Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic and the Army of the Czech Republic, it was possible to observe a tendency to "humanize" some of the stories, especially by describing the everyday activities of soldiers. The Czech Republic's participation in the EU mission was most often associated with the Common Foreign and Security Policy and with general security aspects. In addition to the media and institutional agenda of the conflict in Mali, the work also reflects on the analytical usefulness of the concept of peace journalism.
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