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Contemporary Tendency towards Extensive Interpretation of Constitutional Principle of Equality and Prohibition of Discrimination
Otrošinová, Dominika ; Wintr, Jan (advisor) ; Ondřejek, Pavel (referee)
This work focuses on the contemporary form of the constitutional principles of equality and non-discrimination. These are human rights which have been formed in the society during last decades, and these changes have usually been dynamic and also crucial. For the purpose of understanding these principles and their position in the society, this work deals with analysis, development and influential factors related to these principles. First of all, this work provides general description of principles, which is a terminological basis, it also analyses constitutional principles and legal interpretation. Then it focuses on the principles of equality and non-discrimination, their relation and possibility of restriction. Besides from explanation of the relevant terms, this work also contains their more detailed analysis. The second chapter describes the process of enshrining these principles and strengthening their role in the society. Furthermore, it focuses on the process of enshrining itself, and provides examples of subjects and processes supporting this extension. The end of this chapter is a thought about the name of this work, and it contains primarily the examples from today, which demonstrate the scope of changes regarding these principles. The work also includes consideration of the question which ideas...
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The role of unions in promoting gender equality in employment relationships
Brdková, Jitka ; Havelková, Hana (advisor) ; Kobová, Ĺubica (referee)
Diploma thesis is focused on the issue of gender equality in labour relations in order to assess what role the trade unions can or could play in promoting gender equality. The theoretical part introduces the basic concepts of gender issues and outlines the historical development of unionization in the Czech lands. Attention is paid to legislative standards governing the conditions unionization and analysis of legal measures to promote equality in labour relations. The research focuses on analysis of the texts of collective agreements, and analyses semi- structured interviews performed with representatives of trade unions and the Committee on Equal Opportunities for Men and Women at Czech-Moravian Confederation of Trade Unions.
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UN Secretariat: Representative sample of the world population or dominance of specific groups?
Bartošová, Kristýna ; Parízek, Michal (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee)
This thesis attempts to apply the Representative Bureaucracy theory established and developed within the Public Administration scholarship addressing the lack of formal accountability of bureaucratic bodies on the case of the largest international bureaucracy in the world - the United Nations Secretariat. It builds on the normative presumption that it is necessary to staff the bureaucracy proportionally from all the societal groups so that it reflected the values of the society in whole and the policy outcomes corresponded to those produced if all the society participated in the process. Accordingly, we aspire to find out whether the UN Secretariat is a representative sample of the world population in terms of its bureaucrats' national affiliation, and, if not, what are the factors associated with a better relative representation of a Member State in the UN Secretariat. Through the usage of descriptive statistics tools and Ordinary Least Squares Multiple Linear Regression, we find out that the per capita representation of different Member States in the UN Secretariat is by no means equal and, thus, the UN Secretariat is not a representative sample of the world population. Moreover, the research identified internal capacity of a country to ensure wellbeing and opportunities of its people and low...
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Employment discrimination against foreign workers focused on the polish community in the Czech Republic
Szaniawska, Joanna Agata ; Kocianová, Renata (advisor) ; Šerák, Michal (referee)
The subject of this thesis is the Employment discrimination against foreign workers, focused on the Polish community in the Czech Republic. It contains basic terms and definitions (equality, equal treatment, direct discrimination, indirect discrimination, harassment, sexual harassment, victimization, indirect or direct instruction to discriminate). The thesis also deals with the legislation of equal treatment and prohibition of discrimination on both European and local level. Subsequently, it attends to specific area of unequal treatment - employment discrimination against foreigners and discusses selected international studies that have addressed this issue in detail. The thesis is based on a qualitative and quantitative research of the discrimination against Polish community in their workplace. A questionnaire survey itself is followed by semi-structured interviews. The acquired data is analyzed and the specific aspects of behavior that the Polish workers deem discriminatory are identified. Keywords equality, equal treatment, discrimination, employment discrimination, employment discrimination against foreigners, anti-discrimination law
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Reflections on the gospels from the perspective of selected texts of feminist theology
Majerová, Kateřina ; Knotková - Čapková, Blanka (advisor) ; Kobová, Ĺubica (referee)
The master thesis Reflection of gospels from the view of choosen feminist theological texts is situated do the context of christian feminist theology, specifically in the framework of feminist theology of liberation. It's focused especially on the texts of feministic protestant theologists Jana Opočenská and Dorothee Solle, mainly on texts which are related to the choosen parts of the gospels. The theoretical part is aimed especially on the theoretical and methodological basics which includes besides others the major concepts of feminist theories of gender stereotypes and the sex-gender system. The attention is also paid to the concepts of feminist theology with main focus to the thesis of relatedness and mutuality exercised in the field of exegesis of Biblical texts, anthropology nad christology. In this part of thesis is also mentioned the biographical context of the canonical gospels origin including its follow-up interpretation by the prism of texts written by feminist-theological authors mentioned above. The analytical part of the thesis is aimed on two concrete moments of gospels and their interpretation through the texts of Jana Opočenská and Dorothee Solle, considering the theoretical and methodological basis. Through the gender focused method of qualitative content analysis is subsequently...
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The Public Defender of Rights as a Gender Equality Body
Diepoldová, Denisa ; Havelková, Hana (advisor) ; Havelková, Barbara (referee)
Diploma thesis "The Public Defender of Rights as a Gender Equality Body" explores the jurisdiction of the ombudsman in the area of equal treatment and prohibition of discrimination (so-called Equality Body). The main focus of the work is the equality of men and women. The methodology used is theoretical-analytical legal analysis. The work starts with a theoretical analysis of basic terms and concepts relating to equal treatment and prohibition of discrimination. The institution and activities of the ombudsman are also defined in theory. This is followed by a legal analysis of three types. The first one is a procedural analysis of anti-discrimination laws (method of their enactment, past, present and proposed laws). This is followed by an institutional analysis of the Czech Equality Body and the impact of the ombudsman in the area of equal rights. The analytical research is concluded with a substantive legal analysis of selected cases decided by the ombudsman. Methods of feminist legal analysis have been predominantly used for the purposes of the analytical research. A wide area of the subject matter has been explored by use of this examination, which has produced a number of conclusions as well as a complete overview of the activities of the Equality Body in the Czech Republic. Possible changes,...
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Gender quotas in politics
Mottlová, Markéta ; Bíba, Jan (advisor) ; Znoj, Milan (referee)
The main claim of my thesis is that demand of higher representation of women in politics and calling for quotas are legitimate. This claim is based on theoretical framework of descriptive and group representation. Essentialism is rejected in the line of reasoning in favour of more women in politics. Instead, current disadvantage of women and social and institutional barriers are pointed out. Although there are no common women's interestes, equality issues are predominantly placed on the political agenda by female politicians. Besides gender stereotypes the biggest obstacle for women in politics are their own political parties because they nominate few women and they do not place them at the top of candidate lists. Civic Democratic Party before election to Chamber of Deputies in 2013 was an example of the concept glass cliff when women get to leadership positions in the context of crisis. Quotas are based on mistrust of gradual development. Efficiency of quotas depends on how many political parties use them and in which position in parlament these parties are. The order of candidates on the ballots is also important. Nowadays there is a proposal of legislative quotas which would be obligatory for all political parties.
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The proportionality of punishment with regard to the wealth of the offender
Drápal, Jakub ; Kühn, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
The proportionality of punishment with regard to the wealth of an offender Master's Thesis Jakub Drápal Summary This thesis's main question is whether or not pecuniary punishments should be proportionate to the wealth of an offender. In the beginning the philosophical aspects and opinions of Law and Economics are examined. Jurisprudence of Czech Constitutional Court is discussed as administrative and penal law with their respective jurisdictions, Supreme Court, Supreme Administrative Court and Constitutional Court. Private and supranational law is also considered. The practical part of the thesis is composed of an analysis of the way how are pecuniary punishments in the form of day fines set at two Czech courts. The outcome is that the concept of day fines is not applied in the Czech Republic and is not accepted by the judges. Even though richer offenders get higher sentences than the poorer ones, in proportion to the punishment the richer receive much lesser sentence. To sum-up the findings, it is not possible today to give a unequivocal answer to the key question, whether pecuniary punishment should be proportionate to the wealth of an offender. It is possible in several areas of law, as it is possible to often choose, whether or not it is effective. General and abstract question however has to be left...
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Equal access to education in the Czech Republic and Germany
Jarošová, Adéla ; Koldinská, Kristina (advisor) ; Štefko, Martin (referee)
The subject of this thesis is equal access to education in the Czech Republic and Germany. Education in its ideal form should help eliminate social differences, since social background, race or nationality do not directly influence one's ability to learn. Although this idea is reflected in several international conventions that both countries are bound by, the reality is very different. The thesis first deals with the right to education as such, its significance and its international guarantees, as well as with the principle of equality. In the following chapter, the author analyses significant case law concerning the right to education of the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice. The following chapter analyses access to education of persons with disabilities in both countries and compares the situation with international guarantees, in particular with provisions of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The main focus of this thesis lays on the access to education of minorities - the Roma in the Czech Republic and immigrants in Germany. The author assesses the situation of the Roma from a European perspective and analyses significant case law of domestic and international courts. The Czech Republic is not alone in its inability to successfully...
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Strategy of Education 2020, challenges faced by headmasters
Syblíková, Hana ; Voda, Jan (advisor) ; Tureckiová, Michaela (referee)
Final thesis deals with the Ministry of Education Strategy document prepared for educational policy of the Czech Republic till 2020 and possibilities of fulfilling its vision, which includes ensuring quality education accessible to everyone, oriented to student with the maximum use of its educational potential. The thesis is focused on the possibility of strengthening the traditional importance and impact of school for the whole society and the need for changes in the methods and forms of education that are used in the traditional way for decades without regard to the needs of a changing society. The issue is examined in the context of directors of elementary and secondary schools with regard to their level of knowledge and understanding of the document and their overall approach to the proposed interventions. The research finds if headmasters know what is expected from them and what conditions they see as an effective implementation and if they recognized challenges standing in front of them. It is also the base for the drafting of the implementation process and the possible fulfillment of their goals. KEY WORDS: The quality of education, equality, support mechanisms, evaluation, director
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