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Evolutional origin of the both-sexes exaggerated structures
Zběžek, Martin ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Figura, Roman (referee)
In animal realm, we often meet with body structures that in varying degrees go beyond the limits of their effectiveness and may seems like a burden for its owner rather than a benefit. In case these exaggerated structures are found only with representatives of one sex (we don't think artificial selection applied by humans on their domesticated fauna or sporadic pathological mutations), it is usually not a problem to explain their evolutionary origin through sexual selection. In most of these cases it is sexual selection applied by females on males. The situation is getting complicated, when these traits are present on representatives of both sexes. The search for explanation is less straightforward, and while we are doing it, we must pay thorough attention to the ecology and genetic dispositions of the specific species. Key words animals, exaggerated structures, evolution
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Animals as Laboratory Objects: Analysis of the Power Discourse
Vandrovcová, Tereza ; Suša, Oleg (advisor) ; Müller, Karel (referee) ; Binka, Bohuslav (referee)
Animals as Laboratory Objects: Analysis of the Power Discourse PhDr. Tereza Vandrovcová Abstract This dissertation thesis encompasses a critical discourse analysis of the power correlates of expert knowledge and other factors that can hinder the open and unbiased discussion concerning the ethical aspects of the use of nonhuman animals in biomedical experiments. A brief history of "the animal" is first provided before the issue is positioned within the theoretical framework of Animal Studies. The fourth chapter is composed of an overview of the most frequent arguments both for and against the use of animals in biomedicine. The author draws upon her research as she analyzes scientific texts to reveal how laboratory animals are socially constructed as scientific objects and subsequently describes the effects this has on the perception of their moral value. A series of semi-structured interviews with critics and advocates of animal experimentation, such as animal rights activists and laboratory workers who conduct experiments on animals, is the pivotal section of the paper. It is established that lab workers in the sample are convinced of the necessity and legitimacy of current practices, that lab workers have a tendency to suppress animals' individuality when describing their work, that lab workers deem their...
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Names of Animals in Spanish Phraseology and Idiomatics with Regard to Czech Language
Janštová, Lucie ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Kratochvílová, Dana (referee)
1 Abstract The topic of this thesis is Czech and Spanish phrasemes containing denominations of animals or parts of their bodies. Theoretical part of this thesis deals with delimitation of the concepts of phraseme, idiom etc., it describes the various attitudes to these issues in the Czech and Spanish field. The practical part, which is based on the theoretical premises, focuses on analysis of idiomatic expressions enlisted in a vocabulary attached to the thesis. The practical part further examines the vocabulary from different points of view, focuses on the extent of equivalency among individual idioms, frequency of use in particular languages, affiliation with the specific zoological categories and etymology of selected phrases. The target of this thesis is to identify both the differences and the similarities among the idioms.
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Hunting and its legislation
Tůmová, Štěpánka ; Humlíčková, Petra (advisor) ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee)
The diploma thesis concerns the legal regulation of hunting in the Czech Republic. The subject of this thesis is to analyse and critically review of valid and effective legislation. The thesis is divided into 4 main chapters which are further sub-divided into the subchapters. The chapter 3 as a crucial part of the thesis deals with the Act No. 449/2001 Coll., on Hunting, as amended. The thesis is primarily focusing on wild game and its ownership, rights and duties of hunting guards, hunting management and importance of hunting management plan and issues relating to overpopulation of specific types of wild cloven-hoofed game which is connected with a liability for damage caused by game.
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Animals as prioritized stimuli in human mind
Kočková-Amortová, Eliška ; Landová, Eva (advisor) ; Grygarová, Dominika (referee)
Stimuli percieved with priority are stimuli which are preferentially percieved by humans, because these stimuli have some emotional valence. These often include stimuli which indicate potential threat for the observer such as dangerous animals. Priority perception in humans is provided by special neural circuits that have arisen during evolution and similiar circuits can be found in phylogenetically older lines of tetrapods. The purpose of this thesis is to describe neural mechanisms of priority perception and to summarize and compare three methodical approaches to this perception as well as summarize the findings that were acquired by these methodical approaches in papers testing the priority perception of animals.
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Depiction and Meaning of Animals in Renaissance Portraiture: The Case of the Ermine
Marešová, Markéta ; Konečný, Lubomír (advisor) ; Zlatohlávek, Martin (referee)
This thesis deals with representation of animal and their meaning in european portrait painting of the period spanning from second half of 15th century till the beginning of 17th century and it sets to describe relationship between humans and animals occurring in the symptomatic space of portraiture as well as the renaissance culture in general. Among the art genres it is portrait where we can trace immediate interaction of humans and animals as the later are usually included in the painting on demand of the submitter of the artwork and are positioned there as a symbol though which the portrayed person communicates with viewer. The fundamental characteristic of animal symbolic is its ambivalence and multiplicity of meaning shaped over centuries as the renaissance iconography of animal have been dominantly formed by ancient manuscripts and medieval bestiaries. From the wide specter of animals represented in this period my thesis is focusing in detail on the case of ermine which was one of the less commonly represented animals. Symbolism of the ermine is further discussed in case study on two particular master pieces of renaissance art - Lady with an Ermine by Leonardo da Vinci and Young Knight in a Landscape from venetian painter Vittore Carpaccio - where the appearance of the animal plays key role...
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Animals in rituals of Czech hunters today
Erben, Jakub ; Trnka, Radek (advisor) ; Sosna, Daniel (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the rituals of hunting and animals that are in them, directly or indirectly emerge and with which they are associated. It does so by using qualitative methods, namely the techniques of observation and interviews. The research results are presented in the form of a story that brings us how it is with the hunts, how such hunts look like and what all may be associated context furlongs. The thesis is divided into two main parts - theoretical, where we present the current knowledge of rituals and hunting - and empirical where this knowledge is deepened and disseminated through the interpretation of the results of my anthropological research. According relation to hunting, hunters can be distinguished as culls, hunters and hunters without morals. Hunters attach importance to rituals differently depending on various factors, among which is their devotion to hunting and general relationship that it has. Rituals have a unifying power, while not practising them separate those individuals from the ones that identify themselves with the community. In the context of hunting we talk about the so-called fee hunts, which are perceived by the respondents as a necessary evil, which may have a positive impact not only on hunting, though. Key words: hunters, rituals, animals Powered by...
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Representation of Animals in the Czech media - Blesk, MF Dnes
Kratochvílová, Jana ; Novák, Arnošt (advisor) ; Křeček, Jan (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the relationship between humans and animals in contemporary society. Formerly animals were a part of everyday human life but with the advent of modern society, the relationship between man and animal weakens. Today the situation is such that people increasingly form the relationship with animals only through the media. Therefore, the aim of practical research was to determine how and in what context animals are represented in the Czech media, specifically in two selected newspapers - Blesk and MF Dnes. To achieve a comprehensive view on the subject, the work combined two basic approaches to research - qualitative and quantitative. Main method is a qualitative frame analysis during which frames of representing animals that occur in these two newspapers were formulated, described and interpreted. To complement and quantify the information gathered in qualitative analysis, quantitative content analysis was also made. Among others, the results offer us a reflection how we currently think about animals and what role they play in our lives and in life of the whole society.
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Mitogenomic phylogeography and adaptive evolution of the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus
Filipi, Karolína ; Kotlík, Petr (advisor) ; Munclinger, Pavel (referee)
This thesis is a part of the project aimed at sequencing the genome and transcriptome of the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus). The role of natural selection in the evolution of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been subject to much discussion; while some studies did not provide evidence that selection affected the phylogeography of the studied species, other considered adaptive evolution important. The bank vole is the key model we use to study the adaptation to climate change. As with other species, the phylogeography of the bank vole has been based on the variation of a small part of mtDNA. The goal of the thesis was to sequence the entire mitochondrial genome for representatives of all main mtDNA lineages of the bank vole using the Sanger and Illumina technologies, and to assess the role of selection and adaptation in the evolution and phylogeography of this species. The adaptive evolution in mtDNA probably was not the main driving force during the postlacial colonization of Europe. However, signatures of adaptive evolution have been found - an amino acid change with possible functional consequences in one gene and an excess of radical changes in physical- chemical properties of amino acids in populations at the latitudinal (northern and southern) extremes of the bank vole distribution. Key...
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