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Categorial Ontology Introduced by Aristotle and Edward Jonathan Lowe.
PRIEHRADNÁ, Markéta
This thesis aims to compare two ontologies regarding their ontological status of universals, namely the Aristotle's one and the Lowe's one. The first part deals with the extension of research of the being, in which the problem of universals plays a key role. The following chapters analyse the ontologies of Aristotle and Lowe with respect to their individual deficiencies. The last section compares the acquired data and describes the differences between the two ontologies. In Aristotle's approach these seem to be the ten categories of the basic entities, while in Lowe's approach there are four categories from the ontological square which may be qualified as basic beings. The last section also deals with other differences of the two ontologies, such as hylomorphism and the connection between universals and particulars.
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Exploitation of Linked Data for sharing public agreements data
Hryzlík, Pavel ; Nečaský, Martin (advisor) ; Škoda, Petr (referee)
Title: Exploitation of Linked Data for sharing public agreements data Author: Bc. Pavel Hryzlík Department: Department of Software Engineering Supervisor: Doc. Mgr. Martin Nečaský, Ph.D., Department of Software Engineering Abstract: The objective of the thesis is to explore the possibilities of using Linked Data principles for publishing and sharing data on contracts of public institutions and their connections to related data in the public domain (eg. Business and trade register, register of contracts, etc.). Thesis presents the entire process of opening up contracts. Defines a data standard for open contracts and proposes an ontology for the publication of data on contracts and their interconnections. Furthermore, it designs and implements a platform for publishing contracts. The first part of the platform is a conversion module enabling the conversion of contracts stored in relational databases into RDF form. Employed are R2RML mapping techniques. The second part is a uniform repository that downloads data on contracts in Linked Data format. The third part is a web application that will make the data on contracts available to end users. Keywords: Contract, Open Data, Linked Data, RDF, JSON-LD, R2RML, SPARQL Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Philosophical problems in Zdenek Neubauer`s works
Špaček, Michal ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Pelcová, Naděžda (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the possibility of cognition and roles of philosophy and science as basic forms of knowledge. It is not an analysis of Neubauer's work, but rather an interpretation of its specific parts. The work offers insights into the post-modern treatment of knowledge as it appears in the essays published in the collections Přímluvce postmoderny (An Intercessor of Postmodernity) and O Sněhurce aneb cesta za smyslem bytí a poznání (Of Snowhite, or The Quest for the Meaning of Existence and Cognition). The work describes and amends Neubauer's recognition of the world. It also shows Neubauer's perspective on the imagination, not only as a part of cognition, but also its influence on the development of human society. Besides canceling the monopoly of Science to truthful cognition, it is also guilty of making assumptions about the future, that will almost certainly prove incorrect. The most important part of the work is the question of equality between the perception of social sciences when compared to the perception of exact sciences, and while that question has not been fully answered, already just asking such questions can be useful.
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Conceptual Structures As a Tool for Knowledge Representation
Ferbarová, Gabriela ; Ivánek, Jiří (advisor) ; Souček, Martin (referee)
(in English): Conceptual graphs are a formal knowledge representation language introduced by John F. Sowa, an American specialist on Artificial Intelligence, at the end of the seventies. They are the synthesis of heuristic and formalistic approach to Artificial Intelligence and knowledge procession. They provide meaning and knowledge in form, which is logically precise, human- readable and untestable, and it is applicable in the computing domain in general. Conceptual graphs can be expressed through a first-order logic, which makes them a quality tool for intelligent reasoning. Their notation CGIF was standardised by norm ISO/IEC 24707:2007 as one of the three dialects of Common logic, which frames the set of logic based on logic. Conceptual graphs are also mappable to knowledge representation languages standardised for the Semantic Web; OWL and RDF (S). This work introduces the conceptual graph theory in the context of scientific fields like linguistics, logic and artificial intelligence. It represents the formalism proposed by John F. Sowa and some extensions that have emerged over the past decades, along with the need for improvements to the representational properties of graphs. Finally, the work provides an illustrative overview of the implementation and use of conceptual graphs in practice....
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Web application for presentation integrated inspection data
Finger, Artur ; Nečaský, Martin (advisor) ; Knap, Tomáš (referee)
An initiative arises across the globe, to publish government data as Linked Data, thus con- necting it to other parts of the semantic web. Together the data forms the Linked Data Cloud, which serves as a rich data source for numerous applications. Overcoming unexpected pro- blems, we managed to convert data about inspections carried out by the State Veterinary Administration into that format. For that we used an ETL tool called UnifiedViews. Resulting data were described using well-known RDF ontologies. Then, also using UV, we integrated this data with Linked Data of the Czech Trade Inspection Authority. We created a web ap- plication, that uses this integrated database to search for fair businesses. Using a database server called Virtuoso, we managed to implement search by geographical coordinates. Our application is extensible by new data sources and extracted SVA data are available as open Linked Data.
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The Multiplicity of Being: The Ontology of Alain Badiou
Pivoda, Tomáš ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kouba, Petr (referee) ; Pechar, Jiří (referee)
Tomáš Pivoda, The Multiplicity of Being: The Ontology of Alain Badiou PhD thesis Abstract The thesis introduces for the first time in the Czech philosophical context the ontology of the French philosopher Alain Badiou, as he set it out in his fundamental work Being and Event (L'être et l'événement, 1988). It first presents the starting point of Badiou's philosophy as well as the reasons of his identification of ontology with the set theory, and it points out Badiou's importance for contemporary philosophy, especially for the so called speculative realism around Quentin Meillassoux. The main axis of the exposition is then built around Badiou's four fundamental "Ideas": the multiplicity, the event, the truths and the subject, in connection with which it is shown how Badiou constructs his conceptual apparatus out of individual axioms of the set theory, whereby he follows the basic formal definition of multiplicity based on the operator . In connection with∈ the first Idea of multiplicity, the thesis exposes - with references to Martin Heidegger and Plato - Badiou's conceptual transposition of the couple one/multiple on the couple existence/being and defines the fundamental concepts of his ontology - the situation, the presentation, the representation and the void, with the help of which Badiou interprets...
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The concept of mind at the beginning of modern philosophy
Kadlec, David ; Hill, James (advisor) ; Palkoska, Jan (referee)
The essay concerns itself with the concept of mind in John Locke's and René Descartes' philosophy. The main focus lies on the abilities of human soul, that is understanding and will, and its ontological properties. The work tackles questions regarding personal identity, freedom of will, and the kind of substance that a mind is. Both systems are, after their introduction, critically examined, and their strengths and weaknesses are compared. The difference between both philosophers crystallizes towards the end of the piece in their view on the immateriality or materiality of mind. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Adaptive Matchmaking Algorithms for Computational Multi-Agent Systems
Kazík, Ondřej ; Neruda, Roman (advisor) ; Paprzycki, Marcin (referee) ; Diamantini, Claudia (referee)
The multi-agent systems (MAS) has proven their suitability for implementation of complex software systems. In this work, we have analyzed and designed the data mining MAS by means of role-based organizational model. The organiza- tional model and the model of data mining methods have been formalized in the description logic. By matchmaking which is the main subject of our research, we understand the recommendation of computational agents, i.e. agents encap- sulating some computational method, according their capabilities and previous performances. The matchmaking thus consist of two parts: querying the ontol- ogy model and the meta-learning. Three meta-learning scenarios were tested: optimization in the parameter space, multi-objective optimization of data min- ing processes and method recommendation. A set of experiments in these areas have been performed. 1
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The simultaneity of the incompossible as the index of the vertical being in the philosophy of M. Merleau-Ponty
Halák, Jan ; Čapek, Jakub (advisor) ; Rodrigo, Pierre (referee) ; Fulka, Josef (referee)
RÉSUMÉ EN ANGLAIS / ENGLISH SUMMARY : The Simultaneity of the Incompossible as the Index of the Vertical Being in the Philosophy of M. Merleau-Ponty The principal field of investigation of this paper is the late philosophy of Maurice Merleau-Ponty in the form the author gave it in his lectures during the nineteen-fifties and in the project of The Visible and the Invisible. More accurately, the goal is to clarify the relationship between what this author calls "vertical" Being and the aspect of reciprocal exclusivity, or incompossibility, of the segments of the field through which we have access to it. This structural characteristic is studied principally on the levels of the perception, our relationships with the others, the language and other human institutions. First, the author of the paper elucidates what he think is the reference point of this ontological philosophy, that is to say the concept of visibility. By means of an interpretation of the three fundamental structures of the visibility, the visible, the invisible, and the vision (voyant), the author demonstrates the profound ontological unity of the element of the visibility. The concept of the "institution" (Stiftung, institution) is then introduced to demonstrate how the field of the visibility is internally organized in a manner that surpasses...
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