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: The Interpretation of Funeral Rituals in Czechoslovakia in 1950s
Tesař, Jan ; Randák, Jan (advisor) ; Kopeček, Michal (referee)
(in English) The main topic of this thesis is both analysis and interpretation of the relationship between funeral rites, political power and society. Funeral rites are understood as a complex of performative, symbolic social acts, which are themselves comprised of various distinctive phases and signs. The meaning of these acts and signs is important because it can change the features and practice of the collective it is assigned to. The main purpose of this thesis is not only to perform a thick description of different kinds of communist funeral rite in the given time period but to interprate it in the wider social and cultural context as well. The concept of political religion as a heuristic tool was used in the thesis in order to distinguish an ambivalent nature of communist ideology which manifested itself in funeral rites. Funeral rites are analyzed as models for human behavior, which represent key values and norms of communist ideology. At the same time, funeral rites are analyzed as forms of cultural management. That is the reason, why are put under scrutiny not only the rites which are significant for society as a whole but also the funeral rites of individual actors.
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"One can meet the responsibilities of life only when he is healthy and strong." Representation of body in the journal Výchova tělesná
Fiedler, Ondřej ; Himl, Pavel (advisor) ; Hanulík, Vladan (referee)
In my thesis, I aim to analyze the representation of body in the Czech scholarly texts dealing with physical education published in the early 20th century in the journal Výchova tělesná. I work on the anthropological assumption that understanding and interpretation of body changes along with the historical, social, cultural and ideological contexts. There are many areas of knowledge that define the correctness and naturalness of a physical appearance, behavior and conduct. The theory of school physical education, which since the 2nd half of the 19th century prescribes norms of physical fitness as a prerequisite for success in the national, economic and social life, is one of those areas. The interpretation starts with the analysis of descriptions of physical exercises, which is the most original part of discourse of the physical education, and analysis of texts that thematise the body in relation to mind. At this level, I explain what meanings are related to a pre-understanding of the body. In the second, principal part of the thesis, I interpret the process of construction of norms of appropriate body and show what techniques are required to implement them and how they are legitimized. Producing of normative meanings will be referred to the three major ideologies: gender, discipline and health....
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The Ideological Basis of the FARC Movement and its Transformation
Falc, Martin ; Opatrný, Josef (advisor) ; Kovář, Martin (referee)
(in English): This work studies the genesis of the FARC's ideological nature and the consequences of changes in its development which have had an impact on the conduct of warfare. A number of aspects which, in varying degrees, affect the direction of the guerrilla group are analysed successively. Firstly, the roots of the movement are discussed along with events which led to the creation of the FARC and the legitimacy of its political program. Thereafter, the functionality of the security policy of Colombian presidents for the last thirty years is examined. Participation in the illegal drug trade, which constantly changes the guerrilla's mechanism of functioning, has had appreciable influence on the process of forming the movement and consequently on the public view of the organization. Based on the study of the stated aspects and the analysis of three key constituents of guerrilla movement - political, military and economic components - a scheme describing the hierarchic realignment that has resulted in the consequent transformation of the organization was created.
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Narrative structures and discourse analysis as methods of ideology decoding in KCNA news
Hajzlerová, Jana ; Kraus, Jiří (advisor) ; Křeček, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with methods of ideology decoding in news reports as analyzed in a selected sample of the Korean Central News Agency news - the most important information medium in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. The narrative patterns theory is defined from a combination of various methodological approaches of narrative and discourse analysis. With this theory, two weeks of English on-line news are analyzed with regards to their language, text, and discourse level, seeking to reveal potentially ideological structures. As a result of this multistage analysis, several narrative patterns are proposed as possible scenarios for news storytelling and particular lexical, syntactic and rhetorical specifics of the researched materiál are described. Based on these results, the fictional world as narrated by the analyzed text is deconstructed. Also, the construction of the ideology as a set of means by which this world is organized is explained.
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Catastrophe in America: Critical Discoursive Analysis of Hurricane Sandy in Czech Press
Bednářová, Anna ; Švantner, Martin (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
This thesis analyzes the way of presenting the catastrophe called Sandy in the Czech media. The motivation for choosing this topic was the ascertainment that the information about Sandy narrows only on the information about New York in spite of the fact, that this hurricane, sometimes called tropical storm or "superstorm" caused many injuries in the area of Cuba, Jamaica, the Bahamas and especially Haiti. The analysis is realized by force of critical discourse analysis of Norman Fairclough, because this method is appropriate especially for analysing mass media texts in the way of offering complex view from the level of social context, through the process of production to the language form of texts. Consequently, theoretical background comes from the methods and concepts of Norman Fairclough, from the definition of media discourse, which is oriented on new media, news and news values. The analysis is oriented on the most readable Czech online news and the on the news web pages of the Czech public service television and the Czech public service radio. The goal of this thesis is primarily the comparison between the way of reporting about the hurricane between the commercial and public service online news articles; revealing ideological and powerful aspects in the way of this reporting; and the...
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May 1945in optics of journal Mlada fronta in time-spiral of 65 years
Stoszková, Šárka ; Halada, Jan (advisor) ; Sekera, Martin (referee)
The thesis "Looking through the lens of the Czech daily newspaper Mlada fronta for 65 years" examines the topic of the liberation of Czechoslovakia in May, 1945. The qualitative content analysis of selected texts available from the newspaper is used to explore the interpretation of the event in Mlada fronta. The thesis has concentrated on the development of attitudes, beliefs, ways of communications and journalistic transformation of media content concerning the liberation event over time. The main objective has been to answer the question as to whether the media portrayal of the event has remained constant or altered over the stated time period and which factors influenced the portrayal. In the conclusion of this thesis we can confirm that the monitored event has been described differently in different time periods respectively, in connection with political progress and the value of democracy in the country. The more totalitarian the regime, the more the newspaper has described freedom through preferred ideology, biased themes, dogmatic posture and offered interpretations that suited the ruling party. This indicates a form of totalitarian hegemony. During periods of greater totalitarianism, the newspaper tends to describe the theme of the freedom completely within that communist ideology. However,...
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"Major Zeman": Comparative analysis of verbal narratives and TV serial presentations
Krausová, Martina ; Bílek, Petr (advisor) ; Činátlová, Blanka (referee)
The diploma thesis "Major Zeman": Comparative analysis of verbal narratives and TV serial presentations deals with two narrative media that depict the Zeman's story: a literary narrative by Jiří Procházka and its realization as TV series. Factors affecting the resulting form of both versions were identified by means of a gradual analysis of each of the versions. These factors were external interventions made by a management of a TV company and by its professional advisors as well as a mutual rivality of producers of the series. A focus to a TV audience and a literary ambition of Procházka, who attempted to step over the boundaries of a crimi genre, played their roles as well. These all resulted in two differently conceived fiction worlds. The narrative world, built on a myth-building principle, appears to be coherent, joined by an unifying ideological line. On the contrary, the TV series world appears to be scattered.
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Representations of the Czech Historical Era of 1950s in Contemporary Czech Literature
Dobrý, Marek ; Bílek, Petr (advisor) ; Špirit, Michael (referee)
The thesis deals with the literary production reflecting the 1950s in Czechoslovakia in terms of books published within the years 2000 to 2010. Based on the dominant discourse's analysis, reflection of this period in print media compares the way discourse penetrates the literary speech and also the way of their contrast. The author, giving the wide cross-section of released books, tries to maintain the opinion that projection of the 1950s is happening thanks to a myth created contrary to the construction myth. For this reason the literary speech is being called the re-mythologization reflection of the 1950s. Another goal of this work is to find neuralgic points of the myth and to decode their function - whether ideological or social. During the mapping of the books concerning in 1950s the attentions is paid to the texts that try to disturb the re-mythologization dominant literary speech described in detail. In connection with a slight representation of resembling texts author attempts to discover the causes of the non-existent need to see a different point of view in history through literature. Key words: 1950s, literary speech, discourse, myth, power, ideology, function
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Institution of School in the End of History
Mach, Ivo ; Hauser, Michael (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
Resume The main concern of the thesis is about institution of school as a scope of changeover domain of episthemical, ethical and economic/political/power discourse. The methodological approach based on the Michel Foucault's theory of the power and knowledge concurrence is used. Further, several perceptions of critical economics, sociology and political studies are also utilised. The hypothesis is that the institution of school have been methamorphosed coherently to the discourses and within of contexts of transfiguration of social-economic conditions in the course of human events, specifically in 19th , 20th and 21st centuries. The school is considered a power. The institution of school is changing its contents and functions during the history, however, the power has been kept as its proper characteristic in any case. And as the thesis demonstrates that power is even becoming a softer and subtle one while being accordant with the current claims of global capitalism. That can be expressed by the concept of so-called "knowledge society".
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