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Problem of Woman's Nature
Průšková, Adéla ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
The main subject of this thesis is feminine nature. The goal is to capture the essence of womanhood in the entirety of the world. There is a difference between the experience of a woman's life and the world around her. We must therefore ask how the world around us is set up, what nature itself entails, how the society views a woman and how a woman views herself. The work is divided into three main parts. The first part deals with the nature according to two of the most important thinkers of antiquity: Plato and Aristotle. The second section examines the nature and essence of womanhood as viewed by the French philosopher Simone de Beauvoir. In the final part, we discuss some of the phenomena related to the issue of womanhood nowadays, such as physicality, dignity, human culture and responsibility. The whole work shows that it is essential for us to demand freedom of self-realization which along with the need for cooperation of both genders in establishing basic rules of the world that men and women inhabit together, provides for women to self-realize freely in harmony with their own experience of the world. Keywords woman, nature, physis, freedom, the wholeness of the world, man's world, woman's world, transcendence
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The Relationship of Hedonism and Humanism
Jerman, Ondřej ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
The diploma thesis discusses the relationship between humanism and hedonism. However, its main objective is not to explain the terms in their summarized historical relatedness but to point out their internal coherence. The fundamental issue the thesis deals with is the fact that sentient beings suffer from sorrow. Enumerating the reasons why it is important to search for a solution would be a waste of our reader's time. It is necessary to understand that we don't expect empirical science to solve the problem since - despite the enthusiasm significant for this modern period - has not introduced any relief from sorrow. Here comes the opportunity for philosophy and, eventually, ethics. In its first part the thesis maps out the context of humanism and hedonism, studies their apparent as well as hidden nature, and lays the conceivable foundations of humanistic hedonism. The following section suggests a set of particular steps. Adhering to these instructions makes it possible to experience delight and to eliminate sorrow.
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God's Image in Gregory of Nyssa
Marunová, Magdalena ; Karfík, Filip (advisor) ; Bartoň, Josef (referee) ; Dus, Jan (referee)
The aim of this work is to introduce Gregory of Nyssa's doctrine of man as the image of God, based especially on his work Περ κατασκευ ς νθρώπουὶ ῆ ἀ (De hominis opificio). In his work Gregory created quite a systematic anthropological treatise based on Stoic sources, Biblical interpretations inspired by Philo of Alexandria and Origen, as well as on ancient medicine. In contrast to the ancient philosophical school views concerning human being, Gregory refuses the parallel of man as a small world and says that the dignity of man consists not in being similar to the created world, but to the Creator. There are many attributes that constitute human similarity to God, but especially due to the incomprehensibility man is the image of God. The incomprehensibility consists in human mind (νο ςῦ ) in which the human likeness to God can most apparently be recognized. It cannot be placed anywhere in the body and the connection between mind and body is, according to Gregory, unspeakable: the mind does not reside in any particular part of the body, but yet it acts in and is influenced by the whole body. The image of God is the whole mankind, from the first up to the last created human being. When the planned number of souls is completed, the time and everything that happens in time will come to an end. In the...
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Problem of Grace in St. Augustin
Spiegelová, Veronika ; Rybák, David (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with St. Augustine and his theology of grace. It briefly introduces the context of Augustine's philosophy, explains the basic terms, and mainly focuses on the interpretation of Augustine's study of grace. It first analyses the thoughts and ideas of Saint Paul, the Apostle, which are relevant to the subject. Then it moves on to explaining the continuous development of Augustine's study of grace: how it is portrayed in his early works, the way in which it developed in his argument with Pelagius, and finally it introduces Augustine's most radical idea - the concept of predestination from his work To Simplician. The last part of the thesis covers the corresponding topic of love, specifically the love of neighbour, as it is discussed by Hannah Arendth in her work Love and Saint Augustine.
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Changability of human nature in light of a value
Jelínek, Jakub ; Barabas, Marína (advisor) ; Holba, Jiří (referee)
This work presents the question whether our nature is changeable and deserves changing in the ethical sense, on the contrast of Kant's moral philosophy with Buddhist thinking. Kant's approach associates morality with pressure on desires (mainly speaking of inclinations - habitual sensuous desires) because it understands sensuality - where it places them - as given. Splitting a human being into reason (standing aside from causality) and sensuality is the cause why Kant's efforts to incorporate moral progress (towards "joyful fulfilling of one's duty") into his system fail, unless it is to undergo a radical reconstruction. However, the experience of craving shows its non-mechanical basis, the basis in understanding its object as of a value for us. The Buddhist account of non-self (similarly to Heidegger's thought that we at first understand ourselves wrongly as an entity that only occurs) problematises this understanding. The self-demarcation, which establishes craving means understanding oneself as an object, with which something can happen and which can have some attributes. But our experience of freedom shows, that our power to act is not a possibility of that sort. If we are able to recognize self-demarcation (selfishness) as a fallacy, it means that our nature is changeable. And because such...
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Through The Eyes of a Dog - Authors children book
Richterová, Denisa ; Pfeiffer, Jan (advisor) ; Francová, Sylva (referee)
RICHTEROVÁ, Denisa: Through the Eyes of a Dog - Author's Book for Children. Prague, 2021. Diploma thesis. Charles University, Faculty of Education, Department of Art Education. (Appendix 1: author's book for children The Dog Who Thinks Something) (Appendix 2: presentation of the project Through the Eyes of a Dog) This diploma thesis deals with a dog as a bearer of contemporary historical and cultural contexts. The theoretical part describes the history of the domestication of dogs, their relationship to humans, symbolism and mythology, and maps the associated depiction in the history of fine art. Attention is then focused on the relationship between dogs and kids with an overlap into children's literature and on illustrations with emphasis on author's book for children. Finally, there is a devotion to the representation of dogs in assisting with the educational and therapeutic processes. In the practical part theoretical knowledge is applied in the form of a author's book for children called The Dog Who Thinks Something. The story and illustrations reflect the world through the eyes of a dog which mirrors thinking, feeling and the natural need to belong to someone. The didactic part presents a project called Through the Eyes of a Dog, which submits options of how the dog is connected with free time...
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Landscaping and other limits. (The Prehension of the landscape in the Art and Art Education throught exploration of the fine art)
Zástěrová, Alena ; Velíšek, Martin (advisor) ; Daniel, Ladislav (referee)
/ a b s t r a c t This thesis deals with the environment of the landscape in connection to movements of the body and of the mind which result in an art gesture. It closely focuses on an individual experience of a landscape as a unique environment. It explains concepts and speculates about their meanings. Through interviews, the thesis presents different approaches to art from plethora of artists, who work in and with the landscape. It deals with a didactic project which aspires to inspire students to think more deeply about the environment that surrounds them and to communicate their understanding o fit through art. Personal artworks created in Finland in the Arctic Circle region capture motion in the landscape of the nature and that of the mind.
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Ethical aspects and possible social effects of free childlessness
Haškovcová, Eva ; Ovečka, Libor (advisor) ; Štica, Petr (referee)
This thesis maps Czech social and expert discussions on the theme of child-free people childnessness. It is directed on those aspect with implicit ethical content. Subsequently it chooses the most often argument, what are discussed in the ethical reflection. To be child-free is more and more becoming phenomenon, in the Czech Republic especially in the last thirty years. In spite of that it is considered to be rather as alternative life style, what is often exposed to moral evaluation, with mostly negative tone. The criticism of the child-free people can be sumarized into two main streams, when the first one directs on the social impact of the declining birth rates, the second one focuses on personal features of the child-free people, to whom it reprehends either defective hierarchy of values or unnaturalness of their behavior. These two groups of arguments are confronted with the philosophical concept of inclinationes naturales (natural tendencies) of Thomas Aquinas.
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