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Influence of Ferdinand de Saussure on French structuralism
Benešová, Aneta ; Hauser, Michael (advisor) ; Pelcová, Naděžda (referee)
The influence of Ferdinand de Saussure on French structuralism Ferdinand de Saussure is considered the founder of structural linguistics. His ideas went far beyond the bounds of linguistics, and he thus became a significant representative of structuralism, a school of thought that developed from his work. The present thesis will be concerned with Saussure's ideas, the basic terms that he established, and, above all, his impact on Claude Lévi-Strauss who employed Saussure's method in cultural anthropology, and applied it to totemism, blood relations or mythology. He laid the foundation for a diversified theoretical paradigm known as French structuralism.
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Structuralism and Concept of Discourse in the Work of Paul Ricoeur
Skoumal, Petr ; Borecký, Felix (advisor) ; Marcelli, Miroslav (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on structuralism and concept of discourse in the work of French philosopher Paul Ricoeur. The aim of the thesis is to show Ricoeur's effort to interconnect structuralism and hermeneutics and, after this, to treat how this interconnection works as a general paradigm of human sciences. The point of departure is Ricoeur's revision of Saussurean structural approach which divides language into language system (langue) and speaking (parole). Then, the concept of discourse is grounded and the thesis proceeds to problems of text. By using the concept of discourse for written forms of language (texts), Ricoeur introduces this term to his hermeneutical approach. Its interconnection with structuralism is made possible by circular dialectics of explanation and understanding in which structuralism is shown to be necessary for the hermeneutical knowledge. Ricoeur's hermeneutical thought is also characterised by movement from text to action. Ricoeur finds some parallels between them and between the interpretations of them. By this, he proceeds from hermeneutics of text to hermeneutics of action and presents his conclusions as a general paradigm of human sciences. These are said to have a hermeneutical nature. However, according to Ricoeur, the deep hermeneutical comprehension is...
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Introduction to the conceptual basis of Vratislav Effenberger's thought (Dialectics of the genesis of the concept of idea models)
Svěrák, Šimon ; Hauser, Michael (advisor) ; Novák, Aleš (referee) ; Borecký, Felix (referee)
Dissertation Abstract Introduction to the conceptual basis of Vratislav Effenberger's thought (Dialectics of the genesis of the concept of idea models) Mgr. Šimon Svěrák The thesis introduces a reader to the basic aspects of the theoretical system of Vratislav Effenberger, the main theoretician of post-war Czech surrealism. It does so through the construction of a developmental dialectic of the main concepts of Effenberger's work of the 1960s, which culminates in the concept of so-called idea models. In this period, Effenberger primarily addresses the question of the nature of the existential forms of the concept of total meaning in the post-war social and psychological situation. He formulates his reflections as a critical reassessment of the theoretical legacy of Karl Teige and a question of the possibility of further continuity of the Surrealist worldview. The thesis demonstrates that Effenberger first rejects the notion of ultimate meaning, through which psychosocial reality can be grasped as a meaningful whole, and replaces it with a notion of conflict. However, the internal logic of his theoretical system gradually leads him to the conclusion that human consciousness cannot exist without the idea of ultimate meaning and that such meaning exists only in the form of the idea model. The idea model is...
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Between structuralism and New criticism. (Theoretical consequences in the work of Rene Wellek).
BOROVKOVÁ, Gabriela
This bachelor's thesis deals with the Czech-American literary scholar René Wellek's literary theory. It attempts to put it into the context of the two most notable theoretical schools, which was René Wellek directly influenced by and whose discourse he participated in, namely Czech Structuralism and Anglo-American New Criticism. Based on selected body of Wellek's theoretical work, I point out the similarities to the ideas of both critical groups' most eminent representatives as well as differences from them. The main subject of my attention is Wellek's programme of criticism as an academic discipline and his conception of literature and literary work of art as a subject of research, but I also consider Wellek's writing style and his methodological approach in analysing and interpretation of specific literary works of art. The objective of my thesis is to point out to mutual relations rather than "classify" the scholar as either a Structuralist or a New Critic.
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Augustin Eugen Mužík
MRAZÍKOVÁ, Petra
Annotation The Bachelor Thesis is a result of survey in a field of Literary history and Literary theory. As might be expected it is based on qualitative research. Outcome of quantitative research is meant only to second our thesis. The Thesis reflects the latest state of research in above-mentioned fields and it leans on some of the former structuralistic or neostructuralistic Thesis. The Bachelor Thesis endeavors to bring new knowledge about one of literary group members associated with weekly magazine Lumir and a disciple of Jaroslav Vrchlicky Augustin Eugen Muzik (1859-1925). As far as general phase is concerned, in the context of bohemian literary discourse Thesis is devoted to 80s & 90s and it is further focused on artifacts of parnassism. The analytical part of the Thesis is based on poem analysis Libusino loze, Balady a legendy (1884) and its intepretation. There is also comparison to Toman a lesni panna, Ohlas pisni ceskych (1839) by F. L. Celakovsky included since we spotted some similarities between these two poems.
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Émile Benveniste and the role of sens
Krásová, Eva ; Bílek, Petr (advisor) ; Pešek, Ondřej Matthew (referee) ; Fulka, Josef (referee)
Eva Krásová: Émile Benveniste and the role of sens My thesis "Émile Benveniste and the role of sens" is a monographic study of the life work of Émile Benveniste (1902-1977) through the role that the concept of meaning (sens) takes in his thought. I adopt the methodology defined by K. Kœrner as "historiography of language sciences", and thus my perspective on Benveniste's work is mainly chronological and developmental. First part of the thesis concentrates on theoretical foundations of Benveniste's thought in the school of Paris (A. Meillet and M. Bréal), Prague (R. Jakobson and V. Skalička) and Copenhagen (texts around 1939). I point out the concept of language system in diachrony in A. Meillet's thinking and in Prague school and present a hypothesis about the role of Émile Bneveniste in their contact during the International congresses of linguists. This results into a description of the perspective of meaning as it was presented in Benveniste's 1962 lecture "Levels of linguistic analysis". Second part deals with Benveniste's concept linguistics of discours. First chapter explains the main concepts of Benveniste's theory of language: semiotics and semantics or the semiotical and the semantical (le/la sémiotique, sémantique), enunciation (énonciation), appropriation (appropriation) and the theory...
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