|
|
Ethnic Identity and conflict (on the Example of Multiethnic Territory of Cruise Ships)
Medvecká, Zuzana ; Skupnik, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Uherek, Zdeněk (referee) ; Kobes, Tomáš (referee)
In my doctoral thesis, which I have elaborated on the basis of my diploma thesis Doubled Identity of Crew Members on Cruise Ships as the Instrument of Cultural Adaptation, supervised by Mgr. Helena Tužinská, PhD., I have analysed the way of life of crew members sharing the multiethnical territory of cruise ships. Crew members working there come from over 50 different countries. In spite of their different origins and cultures which have been forming their behaviour and way of thinking, they share small space without any conflicts. My goal is to sum up the basic conditions which should be met in any multiethnical society to ensure that there would not be any conflicts between its habitants. According to my hypothesis there is a need of other than ethnical identity which could unify them on other than ethnical basis. In the territory of cruise ships it is the socio-professional identity of 'crew member '. I found out that there are two main factors responsible for successful co-existence of people from different cultures here - communication and the system of values. That is why from all factors in which we can observe socio-professional identity of crew members I preferably analyse rules and norms established by crew members and lingua franca used on cruise ships called 'ship language'. The specific...
|
|
|
Consequences of a breach of duties by participants in highway traffic
Uhlířová, Daniela ; Prášková, Helena (advisor) ; Vopálka, Vladimír (referee)
Resumé This thesis deals with legal consequence of road users who violate their duties in road traffic. Intensity of road traffic permanently increases. Almost everyone participates in the road traffic day by day. Among the participants occur many dangerous and egoistic individuals, who do not observe the road traffic regulations. Theirs irresponsible behaviour often results in car accidents and damage to person and property. One of means to improvement of the road safety is efficient punishment of driving offences. I have divided my thesis into introduction, five chapters and conclusion. The introduction briefly introduces the problematic. In the second chapter I have paid attention to definition of terms "road user", "duties of road users in traffic" and "legal consequence of violation the duty". In the third chapter I have dealed with driving offences. Offence is one of the administrative torts, which is defined by Offence Act no. 200/1990 Coll. It is unlawful action which violates or endangers protected interests of society. Driving offences violate or endanger safety and fluency of the road traffic. Merits of the driving offences are defined not only by Road Safety Act no. 361/2000 Coll, but also by Act no. 13/1997 Coll. and Act no.56/2001 Coll. Second chapter consist of four part. In firts part I have...
|
|
|
The European Union as a Foreign Policy Actor on the Sanctions Scene: The Case of Burma
Růžičková, Jana ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hyniová, Andrea (referee)
In connection with its foreign policy, the European Union was until 2003 often seen as an actor lacking basically any "hard" power and it was often labeled as a "normative" power, "civilian" power etc. However, a group of scholars led by Ian Manners has been claiming that in connection with the adoption of the European Security Strategy in December 2003 the EU has lost its "soft" characteristics and has moved closer towards a traditional military actor. The master thesis deals with this issue of the alleged militarization of the Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) after 2003/2004 while focusing on one particular area of the CFSP - the policy of restrictive measures or sanctions. This area is unique because of its special characteristic: on one hand, sanctions as such represent a "hard", coercive foreign policy tool and on the other, the EU has been autonomously using them already since the 1980s. The question therefore is what the frequent use of sanctions implies about the character of the EU and whether does the policy of restrictive measures stand, as a matter of principle, in opposition to being a "soft" power. By means of discourse analysis of the official EU sanction documents and by using the case of Burma (which represents a "typical case"), the thesis attempts to demonstrate,...
|
|
|
EU instruments in the fight against terrorism: the problems of sanctions
Pejchová, Petra ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (advisor) ; Weiss, Tomáš (referee)
The thesis deals with contemporary problems of anti-terrorist financial sanctions imposed by the EU on the basis of its Anti-terrorist Strategy. The EU nowadays faces harsh criticism over problems with lacking efficiency and violation of human rights standards while exercising sanction instruments. Current shape of this system helped to create distinctively European judicial bodies. Due to this fact, the most important case rulings on the imposed financial sanctions against individuals suspected of terrorism are in focus of the thesis. Author states, that current conception of sanction mechanism within the EU comes to an end and will be soon replaced or abandoned or radically changed in compliance with the courts' statements and practice of the courts. This proposition answers the research question: Does the current construction of EU sanctions measures represent the very last and flawless form of its development? Or is it the case that the whole system will have to be replaced or radically changed? The author analysis objection articulated by the EU judiciary and proposes possibilities of further development and assesses these options.
|
|
|
Sanctions for administrative delicts and protective measures
Moravec, Ondřej ; Prášková, Helena (advisor) ; Millerová, Ivana (referee)
This thesis deals with sanctions and protective measures. The thesis primarily discusses types of sanctions and protective measures that may be imposed for administrative delicts; it also addresses circumstances to be considered in imposing sanctions. The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the current law of sanctions and protective measures concerning administrative delicts. Various legal and practical problems and inadequately solved questions surrounding the imposition of sanctions are emphasized. Parts of the thesis, especially its conclusion, address a reform of administrative punishment and future legislative measures regarding this important function of organs of public administration. Chapter I focuses on sanctions for violations. The introduction to this chapter is rather theoretical and is devoted to definitions of basic concepts of administrative penalization. This part further defines the terms of "sanction" and "administrative punishment". The conclusion of this chapter then analyzes the purpose of sanctions and includes their list and a summary of past legal enactments. The second part of Chapter I contains an analysis of types of sanctions governed by the current statute of administrative delicts as well as other statutes. This part describes a reprimand, fine,...
|
|
|
Russia's narratives on the Western sanctions regime from 2014 to 2020
Auböck, Alexander ; Parízek, Michal (advisor) ; Plechanovová, Běla (referee)
5 Abstract This thesis aims to provide an overview of Russia's narratives surrounding the anti-Russian sanctions implemented by the West in the wake of the Ukrainian crisis. Employing the concept of "strategic narratives", the thesis aspires to outline the content and usage variation of Russia's strategic communication regarding the sanctions regime. After exploring what countries can, in theory, do to defend themselves against sanctions, it was predicted that Russia would strive to reach two goals with its strategic narratives, delegitimizing the sanctions regime and downplaying the sanctions' negative economic effects. The qualitative method of thematic analysis was used to explore the statements of Russia's political leaders on the sanctions and found that Russia indeed seeks to delegitimize the sanctions and downplay their effects. When investigating the usage of the two strategic narratives over time with the help of a quantitative Chi-square test, no significant differences could be found between economically turbulent and prosperous times for two out of three politicians, with the third one resorting more often to the delegitimizing strategic narrative in economically prosperous times. Meanwhile, two other external factors were identified as significantly influencing the strategic narratives' usage...
|
|
| |
|
|
Criminal Liability and Imposing of Sanctions on Juveniles
Němcová, Alena
SUMMARY: CRIMINAL LIABILITY AND IMPOSING OF SANCTIONS ON JUVENILES A separate legal rule regulating criminal liability and judiciary over the youth has appeared again in the legal order of the Czech Republic since the year 2003. Although the Czech law knew the judiciary over the youth in the past, this rule is considered as a repeated break with the legislation, because after several decades, there has been again a criminal rule applicable specifically to persons younger than eighteen years. The legislator returned to a legal regulation similar to that being in force in Czechoslovakia in the thirties of the 20th century. The act on judiciary over the youth valid at that time has become a significant inspiration to the present legislator which has been continuing in modern legal regulation valid in Czechoslovakia from the year 1931. The then legal regulation as well as the present one reacts to the now preferred legal or sociological premises of punishment and the purpose of punishment. The basic theoretical premise which the legislator supports is the principle of restorative justice, but we can trace the impact of also other legal, sociological or philosophical attitudes in the act on judiciary of the youth. The currently valid act No. 218/2003 Coll., on liability of the youth for wrongful acts and on...
|
|
|
The Effects of US Sanctions in Venezuela
Brown, Carter Sumner Thompson ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (advisor) ; Riegl, Martin (referee)
Since 2014, the United States has been imposing sanctions on the Venezuelan government in an attempt to accomplish foreign policy goals that would be beneficial to its geopolitical interests in the region and help the Venezuelan people in the process. This research offers a comprehensive empirical analysis of these sanctions. It aims to identify the effects of US sanctions in Venezuela, as intended by the foreign policy goals of the United States, and to measure the effectiveness of sanctions in accomplishing these goals. Additionally, this research seeks to explain the geopolitical strategy of US sanctions as seen through the lens of geoeconomic theory. It will detail the US intensions of generating regime change, restoring democracy, and improving human rights in Venezuela. More specifically, it will reveal the role of sanctions in acting as a geopolitical tool to fulfill these intentions. Ultimately, the research will show how sanctions and companion policies are intended to improve the US-Venezuela relationship that has declined since the time of Hugo Chavez.
|
|
|
Public Choice Theory and the Russian Food Ban
Savory, Oliver ; Svoboda, Karel (advisor) ; Figueira, Filipa (referee) ; Šír, Jan (referee)
In this thesis I look at economic statecraft and try to examine why sanctions continue when they are failing, and why countries continue to use them despite debatable claims for success. For example, Hufbauer et. al.'s 2009 analysis shows sanctions only work 34% of the time, Pape (1997) estimates only 5%. Despite this economic statecraft is having a resurgence under the name "geoeconomics". This thesis builds off Kaempfer and Lowenberg's 1988 "Public Choice" theory of international economic sanctions. It hypothesises that in certain cases the domestic interests will be the primary goal of sanctions and therefore should be the primary focus of judging the success or failure of sanctions. Russia's 2014 food import ban is analysed to show that, despite failure to achieve any international goals, it is being successful at achieving the domestic goal of supporting Russian agriculture. The implications being that all current quantitative analysis of economic sanctions have potentially incorrectly measured sanctions as failures by not measuring them against the actual goals of the policies. Further research into this area to establish just how often sanctions are used primarily for domestic reasons, but even sanctions where domestic goals are only of secondary importance, their existence still needs to be...
|
guest ::
