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Needs of patients with age related macular degeneration
Houdková, Eliška ; Jirkovský, Daniel (advisor) ; Haluzíková, Jana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the area of specific needs in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to provide an overview of the changed needs of patients with AMD. Methods: To achieve the aim of the thesis, a questionnaire survey was conducted. The target group of the survey were patients undergoing anti-VEGF therapy at an unnamed eye clinic. A total of 70 questionnaires were included in the survey. Results: Based on the statistical evaluation of the data, it was found that AMD significantly affects the lives of respondents in many areas. The majority of respondents identified independence and self-sufficiency as the most affected aspect of their lives. More than half of the respondents (55.71 %) have problems with mobility and everyday activities. AMD also negatively affects the mental health of patients, 70 % of respondents are afraid of depression or anxiety. Respondents find meaning and fulfillment in life, especially in the areas of family and friends relationships, leisure activities, spiritual development, education, gratitude, and a positive attitude towards life. Conclusion: AMD has a complex impact on the lives of patients. It is important to provide patients with AMD with high-quality and accessible care that includes not only...
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HPLC in quality control of food supplements based on goldenrod and containing rutin and chlorogenic acid
Kotyková, Klára ; Šatínský, Dalibor (advisor) ; Chocholoušová Havlíková, Lucie (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Analytical Chemistry Candidate: Klára Kotyková Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Dalibor Šatínský, Ph.D. Title of the diploma thesis: HPLC in quality control of food supplements based on goldenrod and containing rutin and chlorogenic acid In this diploma thesis, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the separation and determination of chlorogenic acid, 3,5- dicaffeoylquinic acid, rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol. This method was applied to the analysis of food supplements based on goldenrod: drops Celík zlatobýl (Valdemar Grešík), Celík obecný BIO (Bylinné kapky), Celík obecný (Bylinné kapky), Zlatobýl (Green Idea), Zlatobýl - tinktura z pupenů (Serafin), Zlatobýl - tinktura z bylin (Serafin), Zlatobýlová směs (Dědek kořenář), Zlatobýl (Inca Botanica), and capsules Celík (Ex Herbis). Furthermore, two food supplements containing rutin (Solgar and Walmark®) and a food supplement Zelená káva (Botanic) containing chlorogenic acid were analyzed. An Ascentis® Express 90 Å AQ-C18 150 × 4.6 mm column with 2.7 µm particles was selected for analysis. A gradient elution with a mobile phase of acetonitrile/0.085% phosphoric acid was used. Detection was performed with a diode array detector at...
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Synthesis of novel quinazoline derivatives as a potential multipotent therapeutics against Alzheimer's disease
Tošnerová, Daniela ; Karabanovich, Galina (advisor) ; Matouš, Petr (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of: Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Mentor: Ing. Galina Karabanovich, Ph.D. Consultant: Ing. Barbora Svobodová, Ph.D. Student: Daniela Tošnerová Title of Thesis: Synthesis of novel quinazoline derivatives as a potential multipotent therapeutics against Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurologic disorder. Current treatments only temporarily delay the progression of disease. The main limiting factor for developing of new therapeutic compounds is the simultaneous presence of multiple pathologies. Thus, a new group of potential drugs called multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) emerged as an alternative option to combat AD. To this date, dozens of MTDLs have been published. As part of the experimetnal section of this thesis, a series of small molecules based on quinazoline scaffold was rationally designed with the intention to influence the activity of acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO-A/MAO-B), and the GluN1/GluN2B subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Subsequently twenty-four new quinazoline derivatives were synthesized, and biologically evaluated. The overall results highlighted compound II-6h ((5E)-8-chlor-N-cyklohexyl-3-methyl-1-...
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Personality predictors of exercise addiction in competitive sport
Vítková, Tereza ; Mudrák, Jiří (advisor) ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (referee)
Exercise addiction is becoming a recognized concern, particularly prevalent in elite athletic environments where the pursuit of perfection is emphasized. Despite growing awareness of problematic exercise behaviors, research investigating the underlying risk factors remains limited. This study aimed to examine personality predictors of exercise addiction in Czech elite athletes. A sample of 168 competitive athletes, aged 18 to 30 years, completed assessments including the Exercise Addiction Inventory, Sport Motivation Scale-6, the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale, Performance Perfectionism Scale-Sport, and the Neuroticism Scale from Big Five Inventory. In terms of prevalence, the findings revealed that 16.5 % of athletes exhibited problematic signs of exercise addiction, while 76.7 % were potentially at risk with low severity of symptoms. No significant differences were observed between different groups of sports. Using multiple linear regression, the study demonstrated a significant overall effect of personality predictors on exercise addiction. Neuroticism, introjected regulation, and athletic identity were identified as significant predictors of exercise addiction. These findings highlight the importance of psychological factors such as personality traits and motivational regulation in...
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Influence of urbanization patterns on the escape behaviour of birds
Dontová, Alena ; Mikula, Peter (advisor) ; Brlík, Vojtěch (referee)
Urbanization, i.e., the anthropogenic transformation of natural habitats into urban areas, has significant impact on the biodiversity. One of the key factors for successful animal survival in urban environments is the increase in their tolerance towards humans manifested by their decreased shyness. One of the field methods for assessing the level of the shyness across different individuals, populations, and species of animals is measuring their flight initiation distance. In this thesis, I focus primarily on birds, as their responses have been most extensively studied. Previous studies focused on differences in escape behaviour among birds mainly between urban and rural areas, and focused mainly on Europe and North America. However, human settlements vary in their history, size, population density, and other characteristics. Therefore, the observed patterns in bird behaviour may not always be universally applicable across all cities. In this thesis, through a literature review, I summarize how the escape behaviour of birds differs not only between urban and rural environments but also depending on the characteristics of human settlements, such as their size, history, degree of urbanization, the density of the local human population and the ecoregion. I found that the most important characteristics are the...
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Derivatives of boronic acids as potential drugs I.
Koucká, Kateřina ; Kučerová, Marta (advisor) ; Zitko, Jan (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Student: Kateřina Koucká Supervisor: PharmDr. Marta Kučerová, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. Petr Šlechta Title of diploma thesis: Derivatives of boronic acids as potential drugs I. The thesis includes the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of boronic acid derivatives. These derivatives were prepared as hybrid compounds containing an amide linker, combining mainly pyrazinoic acids with 4-aminophenylboronic acid. Pyrazinamide is used as 1st line antituberculosis drug and 4-aminophenylboronic acid is a bioisoster of 4-aminobenzoic acid, which is a crucial precursor in the folate pathway. Bioisosteric replacement of the carboxylic group with boronic acid could afford the ability of the compounds to form a reversible covalent bond toward a potential biological target. The presented compounds were synthesized in a two-step reaction. The first step was the condensation of 4-aminophenylboronic acid pinacol ester with different derivatives of (hetero)aryl carboxylic acids, that underwent previous activation. The second step was the deprotection of boronic acid pinacol ester to obtain free boronic acids derivatives. The obtained compounds were screened for their in vitro...
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Legal position of a child and registered partners within the framework of foster care
Prchalová, Karolína ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
Legal position of a child and registered partners within the framework of foster care Abstract The aim of this diploma theses is to analyse the legal position of a child and registered partners within the framework of foster care and to reply to the question whether the current legal regulation of foster care ought to be altered in favour of registered partners. The first chapter of the theses provides with the explanation of terms family and parenthood and closely deals with legal duties and rights of parents and children. It defines the constitutionally guaranteed right to family life of a child and registered partners and development of judicature concerning this issue. And this chapter also defines the crucial term of the best interests of the child. The second chapter focuses on the legal institute of registered partnership. It deals with the legal regulation and its development, the development of the legal regulation in the European countries, especially in Germany. This chapter also analyses the issue of discrimination and unequal legal position of registered partners compared to spouses. Subsequently both institutes, registered partnership and matrimony, was compared. The third chapter is fundamental. It focuses on particular forms of foster care with respect to the purpose of the legal regulation....
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Syndromes associated with numerical aberrations of gonosomes
Sluková, Kristýna ; Mrňáková, Hana (advisor) ; Trková, Marie (referee)
Before the offspring is born, multiple flaws in the DNA, that strongly influence its future life, can occur. These may include differences in the structure of the Chromosomes or their overall quantity. Deviations from the standard genetic attributes of those Chromosomes will cause anatomic and physiological changes on the specimen. These changes act in a repetitive manner if certain conditions are met and because of multiple combinations of symptoms, genetic syndroms with similar manifestations have been categorized and named. As these abnormalities occur in early pre-natal stages od the offspring's development, there is no way of preventing them, avoiding them or completely curing them.
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Leaf physiological and optical properties in relation to the Phytophtora × alni infection of black alder (Alnus glutinosa)
Oramová, Viktorie ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Tomášková, Ivana (referee)
A current problem is the infestation of the black alder (Alnus glutinosa) by the pathogen P. × alni, which causes the loss of alder stands and disrupts riparian ecosystems. The spread of the 'phytophthora disease' occurs through water, the host is infected through the root system and the pathogen attacks the conductive tissues. As a result of the disease, the tree gradually loses its root system, lesions appear on the trunk, defoliation occurs and the individual inevitably dies. The only solution to the situation is preventive measures to prevent further spread by careful removal of infected alder trees. The aim of this paper is to discuss the relationship between black alder and P. × alni in the context of the physiological changes that occur in the foliage of the infested individual. Leaf functional traits, chlorophyll fluorescence and optical properties of black alder exposed to P. × alni (inoculation into soil or confirmed occurrence of the pathogen in natural conditions) were measured using non-invasive methods. The results of the chamber experiments suggest that the mean values of the measured parameters do not change significantly in the initial stages of infection, but there is a widening of the variance of the values in infected individuals. We tested whether the genetic origin of the...
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A platform for creating and sharing interactive educational materials based on data from knowledge graphs
Matějík, Jakub ; Nečaský, Martin (advisor) ; Stenchlák, Štěpán (referee)
In this thesis, we will explore the possibilities of Solid technology and the use of Solid for application implementation. This application will be used to create mind maps and social networking for teachers and students. In order to do this, we will analyze the features of Solid for designing a social network application and its features and suitable use cases. Based on this analysis and user requirements, we will design the architecture along with the operations to make them convenient for the user. Next, we will learn about the concepts in Linked Data and analyze knowledge bases for use in our application. The result is implementing a proof-of-concept application that allows the intuitive creation of mind maps and their sharing within classes. 1
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