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Contemporary thinkers of the European far right: a comparative analysis
Olšáková, Martina ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Guasti, Petra (referee)
The thesis deals with the political thinking of contemporary intellectual representatives of the extreme right, as well as the thinkers who built the ideological foundations for the modern extreme right. In the first part of the thesis, the basic concepts with which the far-right scene works and also the methods of its organization are presented. Furthermore, the thesis focuses on important founders of extreme right-wing thought, Julius Evola, Oswald Spengler, Carl Schmitt and Ernst Jünger. The next part of the work is devoted to the characteristics of the contemporary extreme right, the introduction of ideological pillars, the introduction of the French New Right and the identitarian movement. In the last part of the work, the opinions on selected topics of the main representatives of the intellectual far-right scene of today, Alain de Benoist, Guillaume Faye, Renaud Camus, Dominiqua Venner, Götze Kubitschek, Markus Willinger, Armin Mohler, Alexander Dugin, Franco Freda and Tomislav Sunić are examined and compared. The work primarily aims to describe how the intellectual far-right scene tried to adapt its ideological and political thinking so that it became acceptable in society and the political environment after the Second World War, and what are the common and different features of the selected...
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Democratic Peace in Theory and Practice
Olejníková, Lenka Barbora ; Karlas, Jan (advisor) ; Rychnovská, Dagmar (referee)
The thesis "Democratic Peace in Theory and Practice" aims to present the Democratic Peace Theory as an international relations theory with a practical significance for the political practice. The Democratic Peace Theory will be first analysed as a part of a broad liberal tradition of International Relations Theory, and then particular ways of how the theory is empirically related to the practices of international politics will be examined. The main objective of the thesis is the analysis of the complex nature of the Democratic Peace Theory with the emphasis on the potentiality of the theory to have larger political impact.
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Czech modern conservatism in the light of the SPOLU (Together) coalition
Rumiantceva, Iuliia ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Charvát, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis examines contemporary Czech conservatism in the context of the SPOLU coalition, which currently consists of three political parties (ODS, TOP 09 and KDU-ČSL). The main goal of the work is to analyze different approaches to conservatism within the coalition. The thesis consists of a theoretical and analytical part, focused on the development of conservatism as an ideology and individual party families, as well as on the current political situation in Europe and the conservative faction of the EU. This work first deals with the concept of conservatism, its origin, and the definition of the concept. The analytical part of the work focuses on the analysis of the conservatism of the parties of the SPOLU coalition, including their attitude to traditional family values, national identity and culture, social and economic policy and other aspects that are fundamental to conservatism. Subsequently, the work deals with the ideological position of individual political parties and then performs their analysis. Based on the analysis, it is defined whether the parties are truly conservative. The work will also explore whether the coalition parties could merge to form a new political party. The research questions are whether the SPOLU coalition can be considered conservative and whether the...
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Berlin's Positive Freedom in T. H. Green's Thought
Hulvertová, Anna ; Halamka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
Tato bakalářská práce je zaměřena na dva politické filozofy, kteří významným způsobem rozvinuli koncept pozitivní svobody. Isaiah Berlin je asi nejznámějším autorem rozdělujícím svobodu na pozitivní a negativní. T. H. Green, i když v dnešní době, a hlavně českém prostředí tolik známý není, byl ve své době považován za transformátora celého liberálního směru a myšlení o svobodě právě díky interpretaci pozitivní svobody. V této práci se proto snažím zjistit, zda pozitivní svoboda definovaná I. Berlinem odpovídá tomu, jak o ni ve svých dílech hovořil T. H. Green. Pozitivní svoboda je velice významný koncept v politické filozofii, stejně tak mají svůj zásadní význam oba autoři. Jejich komparace proto přináší na koncept pozitivní svobody nový pohled. Detailnější analýza jednotlivých autorů a následná komparace jejich myšlení o pozitivní svobodě ukazuje na výrazné odlišnosti mezi jejich pojetím pozitivní svobody, a tím pádem i na existenci možnosti odlišného uchopení tohoto pojmu, než je pouze obecně nejvíce známá Berlinova definice.
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Britain in the European Communities under Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher
Šebík, Ondrej ; Lenčéš Chalániová, Daniela (advisor) ; Martinková, Viera (referee)
This thesis aims to determine whether Margaret Thatcher's European policy was ideologically consistent with conservativism. The record of the British Conservative Party on European policy is inconsistent. The party that initiated Brexit was the same party that integrated the United Kingdom into the European Communities under conservative prime ministers Heath, Thatcher and Major. The divergence begs the question of what conservative European policy really looks like. The thesis therefore first defines conservatism and what parameters will be used in the subsequent comparison. Subsequently, Thatcher's decisions, views and actions in the European Communities will be compared against these parameters. Although with minor derivations, the thesis concludes that Margaret Thatcher's European policy fulfils the definition of conservative.
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Fenomén soudobého populismu a Donald Trump
SOUKUP, Karel
First of all in my bachelor thesis I will focus on elucidaing the term contemporary populism. I will introduce political definitions and concepts of this term. Then I will describe populism in different stages: populism in pre-election campaigns, in government or eventually after the end of mandates. I will describe the features, populist rhetoric, argumentation, behavior and many other aspects that populist politicians adopt. I will describe some features on world, European and Czech politicians. In the second part the thesis, I will try to analyze the policy of Donald Trump, and I will apply the theories studied in the first part of my work with an example of his political activity.
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Self-interested individuals and social order in liberal thought
Kawada, Naoki ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
in English : Liberalism is one of the most prevailing political thoughts in modern society. It is often mentioned in connection with other social systems such as democracy and market economy. But what exactly are the main characteristics of liberalism? How has liberal thought developed in modern society? The main concern in this thesis is to describe the characters of modern liberal thought from the perspective of social contract theory and of some liberal thinkers who emphasize the self-interested (or rational) individuals. Social contract theory is the hypothetical equipment for thinking about individuality (basic feature of modernity) and social order. The purpose of the first part of the thesis is to describe how self-interested individuals agree with the establishment of a sovereign. At another part, by mentioning some liberal thinkers, I will discuss the possible spectrum of the rules of government in liberal thought. The spectrum could be explained as the result of different assumption of self-interested individuals and of legitimacy in society. In the whole thesis, I will focus on two elements in society: particularity and generality. Particularity means particular interests (self-interested behavior) of individuals and generality means general interests (publicness). In comparison of...
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Argumentation for accepting of universal income: perspective of biopower.
Nykl, Matěj ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Petrúšek, Ivan (referee)
My bachelor thesis is focusing on the argumentation for implementation of universal basic income. It is a system where every person receives a financial unconditional benefit regularly. There is a long history of this idea, originally presented by liberal authors. More attention has been given to this idea recently as it is sometimes declared as a potential sollution to the problems caused by robotization. Many experiments with universal income has been done by now. Left-wing authors present universal income as a tool for redistribution of wealth that should empower lower classes in the society nowadays. The aim of this bachelor thesis is the comparison between texts of liberal and left-wing proponents. The concept of Michel Foucault's biopower is beeing applied. It describes the moderm forms of governance. The articles about universal income are compared it the areas that are associated with the biopower concept. There are also texts that are not consistently using the liberal nor the left-wing argumentation. They were analysed too in order to be assesed wheater it fits to one of the ideological bases. Analysis of these articles highlights some aspects of liberal and left-wing argumentation for basic income implementation and therefore enhances the validity of conlcussions Keywords Universal...
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Friedrich August von Hayek on the Evolution of Liberal Rules
Doleček, Pavel ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Profant, Martin (referee) ; Hříbek, Tomáš (referee)
The present dissertation deals with the topic of the relationship between political and moral philosophy and the epistemological and methodological arguments of Friedrich August von Hayek. The aim of the dissertation is to defend in general the assertion that Hayek's philosophy is the application of epistemological and methodological positions to moral and political philosophy and that this application is implemented through the continuous process of defining the basic theoretical positions towards philosophical tradition. This general statement is elaborated on in several perspectives. The first perspective puts the concept of knowledge in the forefront, both in the sense of a certain concept of rationality, i.e. the nature of reason and human thinking, and also in the sense of defining the nature and limits of scientific inquiry. The latter follows the development of Hayek's thinking, pointing out the aspects of his philosophy, which are the elaboration of the theories of his predecessors in thought within the Austrian economic school or classical sociology. This perspective also shows that, at a certain stage of his thinking, Hayek considerably moves away from these predecessors, particularly in the context of grasping individualism. The third perspective shows the deeper roots of some of...
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