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Structure and magnetic interactions in nanomaterials with application potential
Pacáková, Barbara ; Kalbáčová Vejpravová, Jana (advisor) ; Jirásková, Yvona (referee) ; Svoboda, Pavel (referee)
The thesis is focused on the physics of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), starting from the solution of magnetic structure, internal alignment within the single particle and role of interactions and particle structure in magnetic response of systems of the NPs. Moreover, the macroscopic arrangement of the NPs and its effect on the properties of system containing the NPs are discussed. The work brings several new results and concepts, such as the solution of magnetic structure of the ε-Fe2O3 phase, methods of proper detection and description of magnetic metal catalyst in carbon nanotubes and role of the NP arrangement and their effect on graphene placed on the top of substrates decorated with the NPs. 1
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Tumor microenvironment modulation and the impact on cancer immunotherapy
Musil, Jan ; Němečková, Šárka (advisor) ; Mikyšková, Romana (referee) ; Otáhal, Pavel (referee)
Modulation of the tumor microenvironment represents a possible way to inhibit cancer growth and enhance anti-cancer immune responses. In the presented work we employ two strategies for tumor microenvironment modulation. Firstly, we have constructed rVACV co-expressing the tumor suppressor gene insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP- 3) and the fusion gene encoding the immunogen SigE7LAMP. The expression of IGFBP-3 was regulated either by the early vaccinia virus H5 promoter or by the synthetic early/late (E/L) promoter. We have shown that expression of IGFBP-3 regulated by the H5 promoter yielded higher amounts of IGFBP-3 protein when compared with the E/L promoter. Immunization with P13-SigE7LAMP-H5-IGFBP-3 was more effective in inhibiting the growth of TC-1 tumors in mice and elicited a higher T-cell response against VACV-encoded antigens than the control virus P13-SigE7LAMP-TK- . We found that high-level production of IGFBP-3 enhanced virus replication both in vitro and in vivo, resulting in profound antigen stimulation. Production of IGFBP-3 was associated with a higher adsorption rate of P13-SigE7LAMP-H5-IGFBP-3 to CV-1 cells when compared with P13-SigE7LAMP-TK- . We have identified two structural differences between the IMVs of the IGFBP-3 expressing virus P13-SigE7LAMP-H5-IGFBP-3...
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Role of Pre-service Teachers Educators in Forming of Future Teachers Professional Competencies
Garabiková Pártlová, Margareta ; Urbánek, Petr (advisor) ; Lukášová, Hana (referee) ; Vališová, Alena (referee)
The dissertation deals with the educators of future teachers and their roles in shaping the professional competencies of pre-service teachers during undergraduate training. The theoretical basis of the work is grounded in the theory of undergraduate education, as well as the concepts of professional competences of teachers and professional competences of pre-service teachers educators and related concept of model role. The empirical part, using mixed methods research, consists of several substudies. The research sample consists of a group of novice teachers, pre-service teachers and educators of future teachers. From different perspectives represented by these groups, I tried to point out the facts, moments and influences that play an important role in gaining the teacher professional competencies during undergraduate training of pre-service teachers at Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia, for the purpose of improving the current system of undergraduate studies. From the quantitative research methods a questionnaire is used, which was distributed to a group of pre-service teachers and novice teachers and then statistically analyzed. The qualitative research methods are represented by a focus group and an open-ended questionnaire (the statements are encoded). The aim of the research is...
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Solvency Internal models
Mertl, Jakub ; Cipra, Tomáš (advisor) ; Mazurová, Lucie (referee) ; Jedlička, Petr (referee)
Title: Solvency Internal models Author: Mgr. Ing. Jakub Mertl Abstract: The subject of thesis is assessment of calculation methods on capital adequacy of currently implemented regulation in insurance industry called Solvency II. The aim of the thesis is to build up a partial internal model fulfilling the condition of Solvency II. The thesis deals with the premium and reserve risks that are essential part of non-life business. Different approaches of risk assessment are described and aggregation of those risks as well. An important part of the thesis is a numerical example illustrating presented methods.
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Gastrointestinal tract dysfunction in critical ill patients
Balihar, Karel ; Matějovič, Martin (advisor) ; Kula, Roman (referee) ; Martínek, Jan (referee)
Multiorgan dysfunction syndrom is the major driving pathophysiological mechanism of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Gastrointestinal dysfunction usually develops as a result critical illness and it is believed to play a key role in the development and progression of multiple organ dysfunction. Moreover, any primary disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, if severe enough, can lead to a critical state and secondary multiorgan dyfunction. Despite intensive experimental and clinical research, reliable tools for monitoring and evaluation of the severity of gastrointestinal dysfunction remain unknown. In the same line, therapy of this complex pathology remains largely supportive. The aim of this thesis was first to explain the severity of the most common and most serious nosocomial infection of the digestive tract, second to elucidate the safety and effectiveness of the endoscopic dual enteral probe insertion in ventilated critically ill patients, and, third to evaluate new diagnostic tools of the gastrointestinal dysfunction. Finally, we present an ongoing project aimed at investigating esophageal dysfunction in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients.
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Skills of Chemistry Pupils during the Period of Curricular Reform
Bayerová, Anna ; Cídlová, Hana (advisor) ; Čížková, Věra (referee) ; Janoušková, Svatava (referee)
Disertační práce se zabývá problematikou osvojování dovedností žáků základní školy a niž- ších ročníků osmiletého gymnázia. Nejprve byl navržen systém doporučených obecných (univerzálních) a specifických (speciál- ních) dovedností žáků, které by si měli osvojit v předmětu chemie na úrovni základního vzdě- lávání. Tento systém byl ověřován a následně upravován podle výsledků dotazníkového šetření mezi celkem 121 pedagogy vyučujícími chemii na všech stupních škol (základní škola, čtyřleté gymnázium, osmileté gymnázium, univerzity). Následně také žáci (7., 8. a 9. ročník základní školy a 1., 2. a 4. ročník osmiletého gymnázia) vyjadřovali své názory na význam vybraných speciálních chemických dovedností. V rozsáhlém dotazníkovém šetření mezi 957 žáky bylo mimo jiné zjištěno, že žáci za nejdůle- žitější a současně nejhůře zvládnuté vstupní dovednosti pokládali dovednosti potřebné k bez- pečnému provádění chemických pokusů. Za nejméně důležité z hlediska svého následujícího studia chemie pokládali dovednosti související se vztahem člověka k přírodě a k trvale udrži- telnému rozvoji. Ve druhé části disertační práce byl použit didaktický test k ověření, zda mají žáci skutečně osvojeny vybrané obecné (univerzální) a specifické (speciální) dovednosti. Testováním 431 žáků (9. ročník základní školy a 4. ročník...
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The study of food allergy in patients and experimental model
Goliáš, Jaroslav ; Tučková, Ludmila (advisor) ; Holáň, Vladimír (referee) ; Prokešová, Ludmila (referee)
Food allergy belongs among the most frequent disorders and its incidence is continuously rising over the last two decades in the developed world. Although the methods used in the diagnostics of food allergies are high sensitive, they have low specificity, which is affected by a purity of used extracts. Therefore, it is important to develop new proteomic procedures for isolation of food allergens in the pure and the biologically active forms, thereby improving the diagnostics of food allergies. Another approach for studying allergies is using an experimental model, which can help us to clarify the mechanisms of allergic response and the acquired findings employ in prophylaxis or allergy treatment. In the first part, we have developed a new proteomic procedure for isolation of wheat allergens in the purified form. By this procedure, using Rotofor, HPLC and electrophoretic methods, we identified 27 potential wheat allergens, from which 7 were newly identified: endogenous α-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor, trypsin/α-amylase inhibitor CMX1/CMX3, TLP, XIP-1, β-glucosidase, class II chitinase, and 26 kDa endochitinase. Further, we showed that isolated allergens (α-amylase 0.19, LTP, TLP, and wheatwin) retained their biological activity and were capable to activate basophils (BAT). In the second part, we...
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High-temperature X-ray Diffractometry of Thin Layers
Valeš, Václav ; Holý, Václav (advisor) ; Jergel, Matej (referee) ; Nižňanský, Daniel (referee)
In this work, the crystallographic structure and its changes under thermal treatment of different systems consisting of metal oxide nanoparticles is studied. The principal method used throughout the thesis is x-ray powder diffraction enriched with grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering when the nanoparticles form an ordered structure or with x-ray absorption spectroscopy when additional information on local crystallographic structure is required. For all the systems the preparation conditions were optimized according to the crystallographic data for further applications.
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Biodegradable Nanofibers for Tissue Engineering and Targeted Drug Delivery
Míčková, Andrea ; Amler, Evžen (advisor) ; Navrátil, Leoš (referee) ; Hanáková, Adéla (referee)
Electrospinning is an attractive method for producing nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering and for controlled drug delivery. The aim of this thesis was to develop functionalized nanofibers as a controlled delivery system for growth factors. Nanofibers were functionalized by simple adhesion of bioactive agents to the nanofiber surface, and incorporating them into the nanofiber mesh using a blend or coaxial electrospinning technique. Within the framework of this thesis, poly--caprolactone (PCL) nanofibers were functionalized with platelets, and also with synthetic growth factors and with growth factors incorporated into liposomes adhered to the nanofiber surface. Functionalized PCL nanofibers with adhered bioactive agents appear to be suitable for drug delivery of growth factors, and for tissue engineering applications with comparatively short time scales. In the second set of experiments, we focused on prolonging the release time of growth factors by incorporating them into the liposome-nanofiber system using blend or coaxial electrospinning. It was found that liposomes are not preserved intact during the blend electrospinning process. Moreover, loss of protein activity was observed. However, coaxial electrospinning enabled liposomes to be incorporated into nanofibers and thus to preserve...
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Progress in Reading Literacy: Education Model based on Double-entry Diary method
Ronková, Jolana ; Wildová, Radka (advisor) ; Doležalová, Jana (referee) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
In this study, I analyse current studies to discover the common Double-Entry Diary points which result in reading literacy development and find the essential data which support this theory and describe the state of reading among Czech children from eight to fifteen years of age. Although reading literacy is a well-recognized feature of academic writing, little research has been undertaken as to its models. Because the purpose of reading is using the texts as efficiently as possible, teachers should use methods which allow a variety of active strategies. What we need is a sustained coordinated effort. In my study I focus on fourth-grade primary schools learners who have mastered the technique of reading and are ready to improve their understanding of the text and get an idea of what is hidden beyond the text. Its goal is to familiarize the reader with the reasons for effective education using the Double-Entry Diary method, which originated in the Reading and Writing for Critical Thinking International Consortium. This paper focuses on the issue of theoretical analysis of previous research and literature. It presents specific educational practices and deals with the consequences that lead to practical usage of this method. The research analysis indicates much strength in this teaching method. This...
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