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Importance of physical activity in patients with diabetes
Kozáková, Eva ; Škrha, Jan (advisor) ; Pehr, Martin (referee)
Aim of the thesis: The research aimed to evaluate the importance of long-term regular physical activity in patients with diabetes. Methods: In total, 53 patients with diagnosed diabetes from the Third Department of Internal Medicine of the General University Hospital in Prague were selected for the research. In order to achieve the aim of the study, a combination of data collection in the form of an anonymous questionnaire survey of own design and laboratory results from the medical records in the hospital's information system Medea was used. During the completion of the questionnaire, the patients were consulted in detail and they had the opportunity to ask their own questions and receive a short education on the subject. All data were recorded in tables and subsequently processed into graphs in the computer program Microsoft Office Excel. Statistical evaluation was performed using Tibco Statistica 14.0 software. Results: Regular physical activity is associated with more favourable laboratory results. The most important parameter in assessing physical activity was a question about daily physical activity lasting at least 30 minutes. Patients who were physically active more than 30 minutes per day had significantly better HbA1c (50±9 vs. 60±15 mmol/mol, p<0.01), total cholesterol (3.7±0.8 vs....
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Nutritional interventions for patients with brain injuries and movement limitations
Kadečková, Klára ; Sládková, Petra (advisor) ; Svěcená, Kateřina (referee)
Patients with acquired brain damage, who are attending rehabilitation day-care center on the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of the General Hospital and the First Medical Faculty of Charles University in Prague, are often limited by fatigue and lack of energy. Patients are attending day hospital mainly with brain damage acquired after stroke and less often also after brain trauma. Secondary prevention of atherosclerosis development or progression and prevention of stroke relapse is very important with these patients. Nutritional intervention plays significant role in prevention and treatment of many risk factors of an atherosclerotic artery damage. Common consequence of brain damage is development of secondary sarcopenia. Patient in day hospital must bring their own food. Individualized program as a result from examination by the multidisciplinary team doesn't include nutritional assessment. Study with patients with acquired brain damage was carried out on Department of Rehabilitation. Study used bioelectrical impedance analysis provided by InBody 370 S. Body composition of patients was measured. This data and anthropometric measurements were evaluated for presence of metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Muscle mass percentage was evaluated as well. Study found out that most...
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Obesity in senior population in homes for the elderly
Jančarová, Kateřina ; Káňová, Marcela (advisor) ; Petřeková, Karin (referee)
The thesis deals with obesity in senior homes and homes with special regimes. The aim of the thesis is to determine the distribution of obese clients in social facilities, to identify the presence of sarcopenia among obese clients, the reduction diet administered, and the education of clients about reduction diets, obesity, and its consequences. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the issues of aging, obesity, and sarcopenia. In the practical part, the presence of obesity is confirmed among enrolled clients based on BMI calculation, calf circumference, and waist/hip ratio. The frequency of android and gynoid obesity is determined. Furthermore, the presence of sarcopenia among obese clients is identified based on handgrip strength measurement with a dynamometer and measurement of muscle and fat tissue using the Tanita device. The presence of a reduction diet and client education on diet and obesity risk is identified. The menus and their nutritional composition are evaluated. A questionnaire is assessed, with questions focused on the clients' lifestyle, especially weight loss during life, eating habits, and physical activity. Based on the knowledge gained from theory and practice, it was assumed that obese clients form a minority of seniors in social facilities, but the majority of them...
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The use of electromyography and gamification in medical rehabilitation
Hatala, Branislav ; Lázna, Tomáš (referee) ; Chromý, Adam (advisor)
The possibility of using EMG signal measurement and gamification for the purpose of rehabilitation is a field that is being researched for several years, yet there are some questions that were not answered satisfyingly. This work is focused on creating a low-cost system, that can be used for research in this field, also this device uses VCOM interface to send raw data so it can be plotted in real-time and recorded. The device is made of FRDM-KL27Z development board and olimex-EMG-shield, the pivotal part of this work is the software of the device and overview of signal processing used in EMG. Creation of games purposed for use with this device for rehabilitation is also part of this work. The system developed in this work was then tested on volunteers that suffers from sarcopenia, and effects of device usage were evaluated.
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Nutritional status assessment in patients with hepatopathy
Pirklová, Kristýna ; Novák, František (advisor) ; Ševela, Stanislav (referee)
In patients with liver cirrhosis, a high prevalence of malnutrition should be expected. Although the early diagnosis of malnutrition and well-chosen nutritional support have a positive effect on the patient's prognosis, early diagnosis of malnutrition might be difficult. There is currently no standardized diagnostic protocol for the nutritional status assessment of patients with liver cirrhosis. In patients with liver cirrhosis fluid retention occurs, which distorts the otherwise commonly used diagnostic criteria. The aim of the study: We wanted to evaluate the nutritional status of patients with liver cirrhosis in comparison with a acontrol group without severe comorbidity using anthropometric measurements, electrical bioimpedance, functional tests and laboratory parameters using diagnostic criteria GLIM (Global Leadership Initiative On Malnutrition) and various malnutrition screening tools. The work also focused on evaluating the quality of life of patients with chronic liver disease. Methods: The observational study included 11 patients with Child-Pugh stage cirrhosis A (n = 10) and B (n = 1), who were compared with a control group of 11 study participants without severe comorbidities. An examination panel consisting of anthropometric measurements, indirect calorimetry, electrical bioimpedance,...
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Nutritional disorders in patients with Huntington's disease
Procházková, Tereza ; Klempíř, Jiří (advisor) ; Kosheleva, Svetlana (referee)
OF THE BACHELOR THESIS This thesis deals with the issue of nutritional disorders in Huntington's disease. Huntington's disease is an incurable, neurodegenerative, autosomal dominant inherited disease. The prevalence of Huntington's disease in Western society is 10.6-13.7 / 100,000 individuals. The disease is manifested by disorders of free motor control, speech, swallowing, postural instability, cognitive deterioration and various behavioral changes. An integral part of the disease is unwanted weight loss. In the various stages of the disease, the causes of the development of nutritional disorders may differ and combine with each other. In the theoretical part, the chapters are devoted to the etiology and pathogenesis, pathology, clinical manifestations, forms and stages of the disease, nutritional disorders and their classification, methods of nutritional status examination and specific causes of nutritional disorders that occur in each stage of the disease. A special chapter focuses on the classification of nutritional disorders according to the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, which was applied in the research. The practical part aims to examine the nutritional status and evaluate eating habits in a group of patients with Huntington's disease through clinical and...
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Sarcopenia in patients with Huntington's disease
Šoltésová, Mária ; Klempíř, Jiří (advisor) ; Růžičková, Lucie (referee)
Introduction: This cross-sectional, non-interventional, non-randomized, prospective and observational study aims to determine whether sarcopenia and its types occur in a cohort of 16 patients with Huntington's disease and, if so, at which stages of the disease. The study also aspives to identify patients with Huntington's disease who are at risk of sarcopenia (so-called presarcopenia). In addition, the study also compares the results of nutritional and functional status tests between a group of patients and healthy controls who were of the same sex, age and with no further acute or chronic disease that could significantly affect their nutritional and functional status. This was done to determine to what extent the patients exhibit reduced nutritional and functional parameters as compared with the healthy population. Methods: Individuals with clinically diagnosed Huntington's disease who agreed to participate were recruited. These individuals are outpatients of the Department of Neurology, VFN in Prague and the 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague. A series of tests were performed to assess the nutritional and functional status of the individual - questionnaires of functional status, self-sufficiency and sarcopenia, bioimpedance testing, strength tests using a hand dynamometer and...
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Exercise regimem in active seniors
Kolářová, Kateřina ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Hráský, Pavel (referee)
Title: Excercise regimen in active seniors Aim: This thesis sets out to find out wheher the active elderly people follow guidance of general recommnedations for the excercise regimen designed for them. I'm trying to find out whether the frequency of excercise changes through positive biosocial variables. Secondary goals of the research are monitoring the activity preferences and the level of health condition of the elderly. The last secondary goal of the research is measuring the condition of their muscular apparatus with the help of a hand grip (hand squeezing test), that reflects to a great degree the physical ability of a person. Methods: In this thesis specialist publications were researched, content analysis of a survey was perfomed and a comparison of found results has been carried out. Results: The results for fulfilling the recommended excercise regimen by the active elderly population have been confirmed. The effect of some positive biosocial variables has been confirmed, albeit not all of them. We found out what excercise activities are preferred by our elderly and the test for their muscular strenght was performed to find that the elderly people, visiting fitness centers regularly are stronger than the rest of elderly population. Keywords: age, elderly, seniority, excercise activity,...
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Problems in prevention of vitamin D and calcium deficiency in geriatrics
Prokopová, Michaela ; Vágnerová, Tereza (advisor) ; Kvasničková, Ivana (referee)
Vitamin D and calcium are essential for the health of the elderly population. Due to the changes that occur in the body during aging, it is necessary to monitor the intake of these micronutrients and, if necessary, to supplement or substitute them appropriately. This thesis focuses on prevention of vitamin D and calcium deficiency in old age. The theoretical part explains the function of vitamin D and calcium in the human body, their metabolism, sources and problems of deficiency or excess. There is information about diseases related to the deficiency, especially osteoporosis and sarcopenia. The practical part has two sections. The first analyses the data from the SPRINTT trial. Data related to vitamin D, calcium, their supplementation and sarcopenia, as a disease associated with vitamin D deficiency, were used. The second section analyzes the data from a questionnaire survey in nursing homes, which obtained information about the health of seniors, the frequency of consumption of selected foods and vitamin D and calcium supplementation. Using data from the SPRINTT, it was found that 55 % of men and 40 % of women had the values of sarcopenia. 11 % of the participants had vitamin D deficiency. The data from the questionnaire found that only 51 % of respondents over the age of 70 supplemented with...
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Creatine monohydrate as a part of sarcopenia prevention in geriatric patients
Šaier, Martin ; Vágnerová, Tereza (advisor) ; Topinková, Eva (referee)
Introduction: Sarcopenia is a disease with a high prevalence in the elderly population and a significant negative impact on quality of life. Physical activity along with adequate nutritional intervention are key to mitigating these effects. Methods: The research was conducted using a questionnaire survey in which 113 nursing homes participated. The quality of nutritional care in these facilities was determined using a survey. Results: A total of 113 nursing homes were included in the research. Of these, 57% of facilities had a registered dietitian available. Nursing homes assess the presence of malnutrition at least 4 times a year in 74% of cases, of which they most often use changes in weight (80 %) and monitoring of food intake (70 %). Only 50 % of the facilities use validated nutritional screening tool. 83 % of the facilities apply nutritional support, most often in the form of diet modification and sipping (98 %). They use food fortifications less often, in a total of 57 % of facilities. The presence of a registered dietitian is affected by the size of the facility, with the larger ones being available to the registered dietitian at a higher frequency. The presence of a registered dietitian in the facility significantly positively affects the frequency of detection of malnutrition (P = 0.039)....
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