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The measurement of total alkaloids in tobacco
Pipková, Renata ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is the assay of total alkaloids in different tobacco types. To measure the content of total alkaloids are utilized types of tobacco used for preparation of tobacco blends and consecutive production of cigarettes. The samples of analyzed tobacco include various countries of cultivation and different crop years. There is described tobacco as a plant, in it contained alkaloids and the utilization of tobacco in the theoretical part. In more detail it deals with the production and construction of cigarettes which is closely related to the content monitoring of total alkaloids in tobacco. The contents of total alkaloids are determined by the continuous flow analyzer- SKALAR. On this spectrophotometer are set the contens of reducing sugars as well. The comparison of total alkaloids contents and reducing sugars from the perspective of single tobacco types, countries of cultivation and crop years is clearly summarized in the experimental part of the thesis that was performed in the company Philip Morris ČR, a.s.
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Electronic cigarettes and public view
Škaryd, Jan ; Zmrzlá, Petra (referee) ; Mihai, Hana (advisor)
This work is focused on both smokers of electronic and conventional cigarettes. The purpose of this work is to introduce and describe an electronic cigarette, its parts and compare its harmfulness with conventional cigarettes, especially in the current situation when smoking is not so fashionable in public. Based on the findings, it is noticeable that electronic cigarettes are trying to consolidate their position on the market on the one hand for a relatively short time, but on the other, successfully.
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Analysis of nicotin content in some products
Pražáková, Jana ; Kočí, Radka (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the determination of nicotine in different products. The theoretical part summarizes review on nicotine, smoking and opportunities how to quit. In the practical part a method for the determination of nicotine by HPLC / PDA was optimized. As the most suitable stationary phase was selected a Kinetex 5u C18 100A 150 x 4.6 mm column, as the optimal mobile phase was chosen a pure methanol with a flow rate of 1 ml min-1 and a temperature of 25 °C. For the analysis of nicotine were chosen: 18 kinds of cartridges for electronic cigarettes, two kinds of nicotine gum, nicotine spray, nicotine pastilles, nicotine orodispersible film and ten species of classic cigarettes. For each type of product the most appropriate method for extracting nicotine and its subsequent analysis by HPLC / PDA was found. For tobacco 24 hour extraction in methanol and 10s ultrasound was selected. The nicotine spray and electronic cigarette refills without flavours were only diluted with methanol. Flavoured refills were first diluted by sodium hydroxide and then with methanol. For chewing gums, pastilles and nicotine film extraction with 5% sodium hydroxide was chosen. In this study also new experimental nicotine product was designed. Nicotine has been encapsulated in alginate-starch material to form small gel particles. As the most suitable medium for storage the water medium was determined.
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The impact of advertisement and promotion of alternative tobacco and nicotine products on tobacco users: online survey
Jirásková, Alžběta ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Zachová, Kateřina (referee)
Background: In the last few years, a large number of nicotine products have appeared on the Czech market, which are intended, among other things, to serve as alternatives to conventional cigarettes. These alternatives are often visually very distinctive and attractive. They are often perceived by users as less harmful and suitable for substitution for conventional cigarettes. At the same time, these products are not subject to legislation as strict as conventional cigarettes or packaged tobacco. Currently, approximately one quarter of the Czech population are at least occasional smokers, and a significant proportion are either currently using alternative nicotine products or are considering changing their use. Aims: The main objective of this work was to determine how active tobacco users perceive new alternatives on the market, specifically in terms of health harms, marketing presentation and appearance. In particular, another objective is to map preferences in the choice of use form and to compare the above mentioned alternatives with conventional cigarettes. Methods: The data was obtained through quantitative research. It was carried out using an online questionnaire survey in the Survio platform interface and distributed in the social networking environment. Respondents were collected through...
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Experience of the use of nicotine pouches among the student of secondary grammar school
Kolomazník, Lukáš ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Rolová, Gabriela (referee)
Introduction: In recent years, the tobacco industry has begun innovating novele new nicotine product categories. These include nicotine pouches. These are beginning to appeal particularly to the youth population, which may include secondary grammar school students. Objectives: The aim of the study was to map the experiences of high school students in the Pardubice Region with the use of nicotine pouches. A sub-objective was to determine the prevalence of tobacco and nicotine product use among secondary grammar school students. Methods: Quantitative research was used to obtain the data. The research was conducted using an anonymous online questionnaire survey in the Survio.com platform. The management of the Secondary Grammar School Dašická in Pardubice was approached for the research and agreed to conduct the research among students over 15 years of age. The research was conducted successively in all 16 classes, mostly during the Social Studies classes. Students completed the survey on their smart devices. The questionnaire was divided into four parts. The first part of the questionnaire mapped basic information about the respondents (age, gender, grade), the second part addressed students' awareness of nicotine pouches, the third part mapped the prevalence of tobacco and nicotine pouches use, and...
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Chewing tobacco usage among high school students
Stehlíková, Kateřina ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kulhánek, Adam (referee)
BACKGROUND: Chewing tobacco is a smokeless tobacco product that contains the substance nicotine. Nicotine is an addictive substance and is one of the most commonly used addictive substances in the general population. Secondary school students are a group of young people who may be affected by this tobacco product. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify and map patterns of chewing tobacco use among secondary school students, i.e. whether secondary school students have experience with chewing tobacco and, if so, to what extent they use it. METHODS: Data were collected using a quantitative questionnaire survey designed using the online survey tool Google forms. The questionnaire was featured on the social media platforms Instagram and Facebook. The data collected was further detailed in MS Excel. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 304 respondents participated in the study, of which three respondents were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Thus, the total number of respondents included in the study was 301, of which 231 (77%) were female and 70 (23%) were male. Of the total, 128 (42.5%) respondents reported experience with chewing tobacco. The most common age of first experience was between 15 and 18 years, reported by 92 (71.9%) respondents. 96 (75%) of the 128...
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The use of chewing tobacco among athletes and it's effect on the body
Švec, Štěpán ; Majorová, Simona (advisor) ; Nováková, Pavlína (referee)
Title: The use of chewing tobacco among athletes and its effect on the body Objectives: The main objective of this work is to find out the spread of chewing tobacco use among athletes and to identify the reasons that lead to its use. The secondary objective of the work is to describe the negative effect of chewing tobacco on the human body. Methods: I used the questionnaire survey method in my work. I created two questionnaires. One designed for athletes, which consisted of 22 questions. The second was intended for coaches, which consisted of 10 questions. Respondents answered YES/NO questions and they had the option of choosing from one or more answers, and some questions were open- ended. Some questions were mandatory. The questions ranged from general to specific. The questionnaire survey was anonymized and distributed over the Internet. The time required to fill out the questionnaire was approx. 5 minutes. Results: I found that 45.9% of the 61 respondents use chewing tobacco. For almost the majority of respondents, someone else in their vicinity uses chewing tobacco. Among the most common reasons why respondents use chewing tobacco is dependence on the product, this motive was mentioned by 36% of athletes. Most respondents are aware that chewing tobacco can cause cancer (27.8%) and receding...
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Effect of Nicotine Products´ Usage on Human Health.
DLOUHÝ, Aleš
This bachelor thesis deals with products that contain nicotine with a focus on electronic cigarettes. The aim of the work was to find out whether there are changes in the behavior and level of their use during the transition of users from classic tobacco products to electronic cigarettes. The work is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with the general history of tobacco. Furthermore, individual types of tobacco products are characterized here, especially products heating tobacco. This chapter is followed by a section on the treatment of nicotine addiction, including nicotine replacement therapy and pharmacological treatment. Much of the work is devoted to electronic cigarettes, their development, the principle of operation, division and fill into them. The end of the theoretical part focuses additive components, addiction its division and withdrawal symptoms. The last chapter deals with nicotine. It characterizes its chemical-physical properties and describes its effect on the human body. The aim of the second practical part of the work was based on a questionnaire, which contained 21 questions, the collection of answers and their evaluation. The questionnaire was completed by users of electronic cigarettes who had experience with tobacco products. A total of 435 respondents took part in the questionnaire survey. The results of the questionnaire survey were evaluated using the implemented tools of the Survio questionnaire platform, while important results were displayed graphically. The results of the research show that the behavior of electronic cigarettes is changing behavior and increasing the frequency of use compared to conventional cigarettes. This in turn causes a deepening of nicotine addiction. The practical benefit of this work should primarily consist in a comprehensive overview of all aspects that play a role in the transition of users to electronic cigarettes. Furthermore, it could be used as a basis for designing solutions that would facilitate the transition to electronic cigarettes and reduce the risk of increased nicotine dependence.
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The nurse's role in smoking cessation.
DAŇKOVÁ, Jindřiška
The bachelor thesis focuses on the role of the nurse in smoking cessation. It deals with tobacco dependence, which is considered as a disease and its percentage increase in the population is still growing. Due to this fact, the involvement of medical staff is very important. Nurses, as the largest group of medical staff, should place the greatest emphasis on patient´s education due to the risks associated with smoking, but unfortunately they are not widely used and trained in most practices. Nurses are advised to use short interventions that have positive results and focus on the individuality of the patient. This bachelor thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical and a research part. The theoretical part focuses mainly on the definition of tobacco dependence, the effects of smoking on the body, the diagnosis of tobacco dependence and treatment. It also deals with brief 5P (5A) interventions and the overall role of the nurse in smoking cessation and prevention. The research part was conducted using a research survey in the form of a semi-structured interview, which contained 19 questions. We asked these questions a deliberately selected research group, which were nurses dealing with smoking cessation or working in centers for tobacco addicts. After processing the data, the answers of the interviewed nurses were classified into 4 categories, which were further divided into subcategories. The results of the research show that the role of the nurse in smoking cessation is very important and irreplaceable, unfortunately it is not often used. Part of quality nursing care is dedicated to the prevention of tobacco dependence and smoking cessation. We recommend the use of brief 5P (5A) interventions in each clinical contact with the patient, if time allows. It is important to educate, motivate and support the patient in smoking cessation. One of the most important roles of nurses is the prevention of tobacco dependence, which can reduce the risk of illness or death due to smoking.
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Experience of pupils in the second grade of a selected primary school with selected nicotine-containing products
Turnová, Veronika ; Váchová, Alena (advisor) ; Syřiště, Ivo (referee)
This bachelor thesis examines the experience of pupils with selected products containing nicotine at a primary school in Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part of the thesis starts with the characterization of nicotine as a chemical substance, its metabolism and effects on the body. It also specifies the different possibilities of consuming nicotine. In addition, it provides an overview of the nicotine-containing products that are in the focus of this research, namely cigarettes and nicotine pouches. Furthermore, the theoretical part provides a description about nicotine addiction and its neurobiology as well as treatment options and the importance of prevention of addictive substances. The practical part of the bachelor thesis is based on the results of a questionnaire survey, which evaluates the experience of a selected population group with selected nicotine-containing products. The questionnaire contains 37 questions, which are closed, semi-closed or open- ended. The research works with a total of 123 questionnaires. The main objective of this bachelor thesis is to map the experience of the above-mentioned group of respondents with selected nicotine-containing products through a questionnaire survey. In the practical part I...
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