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Modulation of consequences of ischemia and hypoxia
Nohejlová, Kateryna ; Mareš, Jan (advisor) ; Šonka, Karel (referee) ; Vožeh, František (referee)
Modulation of consequences of ischemia and hypoxia Kateryna Nohejlová (maiden Deykun), MD Abstract It is known from literature that that many types of insults are accompanied by the increase of free radicals level. The models of three pathological states, which are known to be related to the changes in free radicals production, were used for the purposes of the work. These models were also chosen because the intensity of action of pathogenic factor borderlines the threshold of mainly functional CNS disturbances. It was need for the animals to survive the interventions in order use behavioral methods of assessment. For the estimation of the degree of disturbances were used tests of postural motor function and motor learning and spatial orientation. The action of free radicals was evaluated indirectly by application of their scavengers and antioxidants: tempol and melatonin, which act extracellularly as well as intracellularly. Scavengers were administered as prevention, before an insult, and as therapy, after an insult. The results were divided into three sets of experiments: 1. Focal photothrombotic ischemia of sensorimotor cortex: The performance of animals that received tempol treatment did not significantly differ from the animals subjected to plain ischemia in either of tests. Melatonin application...
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The ecological validity of cognitive training on-line. Pilot study with the program Cognifit in patients with mood disorders.
Cimermanová, Dominika ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Kulišťák, Petr (referee)
In this thesis we tried to define the ecological validity of the cognitive functions training of the clients with mood disorders. The specimen was formed up with 36 patients whose primary diagnosis was depression, depressive phase or bipolar affective disorder (F31, F32 and F33 according to MKN-10), currently in remission. The research lasted 12 months. The training program selected for this study was CogniFit Personal Coach (www.cognifit.com), a home-based, computerized, individualized cognitive training program. Based on the results of an initial evaluation phase, the program builds a personalized training program. The training program varies from one individual to the other in the selection of tasks, the frequency with which each training task is used, and in the level of difficulty determined by the results of the baseline evaluation of cognitive functions. As the individual trains and achieves higher scores, the tasks become harder. The present study sought to examine the impact of the cognitive training regimen on everyday cognitive functioning of patients with mood disorders during remission. The scientific method applied was the set of questionnaires aimed at the definition of the ecological validity of the cognitive functions training: Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX), Cognitive Failures...
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Early child bilingvism and trilingvism-specific aspects, possibilities and limits
Scholl, Lucie ; Gillernová, Ilona (referee) ; Mertin, Václav (referee)
This PhDr. thesis is an extention of my diploma thesis Current Trends in the Field of Child Bilingualism (2010). The new topic is the field of trilingualism. The subject of this thesis is the natural bilingualism and trilingualism in children. In the theoretical section, the work has the objective of providing a comprehensive overview of the current perspective on specific aspects, possibilities and limits of multilingualism, with emphasis on summarizing the latest studies and research. The empirical section of this thesis is drawn up as a mapping study. The original part analyses sample of twenty five pre-school children from Czech-German bilingual families and the new part analyses ten children from trilingual families. The families are studied for their strategies of bilingual/trilingual upbringing and the proportional representation of these languages in their children's everyday life. The data are analyzed with the aid of qualitative research methods. The principal method of collecting data from the parents in this regard was by a questionnaire. Further The Active Vocabulary Test ASWT-R was conducted on children from these families. With trilingualism there was a focus on specific aspects which differ from bilingualism. Qualitative analyses of the data showed the parents' approach to bilingual...
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Validation of Stroop color and word test on Czech population
Krivá, Ľuba ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee) ; Preiss, Marek (advisor)
Due to the fact that attention is a central issue in cognitive sciences, there is a growing need for robust tools for assessing attentional functioning in individuals from clinical, as well as non-clinical populations: the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) is one of the standard measures. The thesis provides material intended for construction of the Czech version of the SCWT manual. In addition to discussion of theoretical issues of the Stroop eect, the thesis includes review of studies on psychometric characteristics of the test and discusses the in uence of demographic characteristics on the performance in the SCWT. Furthermore, administration and scoring procedures, as well as possibilities of clinical interpretation of the test scores are described. In the second part of the thesis, we present results of research project aimed at collecting Czech normative data for the SCWT. The in uence of sex, age and education on the performance in the test was examined in a non-clinical sample aged 20 to 79 years (N = 420; 166 M, 254 F; M = 46:7 yrs, SD = 16:8 yrs). Norms for the test scores were developed separately for subjects from three age subgroups and two education subgroups. Correlational analysis of the Stroop test with two other measures of attentional and executive functioning (Verbal uency and Trail...
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Differences in cognitive processes during recognition of faces within individual and collective identification procedure
Diallo, Karolina ; Kebza, Vladimír (advisor) ; Boukalová, Hedvika (referee)
This thesis discusses cognitive processes theories with special emphasis on those affecting recognition and identification of human faces, introduces the issue of eyewitness testimony and the issue of methods and techniques of criminal identification proven in forensic science and actually in use in police work. The literature and previous empirical studies dealing with the issue of line-up and show-up reliability and accuracy are reviewed afterwards. The effect of selected variables, i.e. retention interval and similarity of suspect clothing, within the show-up and line-up procedures is well mentioned. Experiments in this thesis examine these interrelated goals: determining the effect of two variables on show up accuracy as well as the suggestivity of show up method and exploring carryover effect from show up to line up identification procedure. Keywords: cognitive processes, facial recognition, individual identification, eyewitness testimony
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Checking of clinical functions in patients with multiple cerebrospinal sclerosis - changes after the aerobic training
Sobotková, Lenka ; Řasová, Kamila (advisor) ; Radvanský, Jiří (referee)
The aim of the this dissertation was to introduce a set of examinations of clinical functions in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), which would be optimum for utilisation in physiotherapeutic practice, and also to compare changes to the individual examinations of this set after the patients underwent therapy consisting of aerobics training. We also monitored the persistence of the therapy's effect a month after its termination. The research was conducted on a set of 6 probands in the case of whom MS had been definitively confirmed, motor handicaps predominated, and the EDSS ranking was 3 to 5. Aerobic training took place twice a week for eight weeks. The intensity and length délka zátěže were stipulated individually according to the zátěžového vyšetření. After the therapy there were significant improvements (a p-value less than 0.05) only in the examination of cognitive functions, though we recorded a relatively significant improvement (a p-value of almost 0.05) in the case of investigations of balance, the functions of the upper limbs, and trembling in the upper limbs. On the other hand there was a relatively significant deterioration in the investigation of dysmetry in the lower limbs. We ascribe the overall minimal improvements in most of the functions investigated partly to the very unfavourable...
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A neuroprotective effect of the 3α5β-pregnanolon glutamate in the animal model of ischemic brain injury
Kletečková, Lenka ; Valeš, Karel (advisor) ; Zach, Petr (referee)
The neuroactive steroid 3α5β-pregnanolon glutamate (3α5βP-Glu) is the synthetic analogue of a naturally-occurring 3α5β-pregnanolon sulfate. Both agents inhibit preferentially tonically activated NMDA receptors by a use-dependent mechanism. The aplication of 3α5βP-Glu could reduce the excitotoxic injury of the brain during ischemic conditions, in which plays role the excessive activation of NMDA receptors. The objectives of this study are to determine the effect of systemic aplication of 3α5βP-Glu on an oxygen saturation and a regional cerebral blood flow in the brain of laboratory rat. Subsequently to establish and critically evaluate the animal model of a global ischemic brain injury. Finally to test the neuroprotective potential of 3α5βP-Glu on cognitive funtions in this model. The oxygen saturation and regional cerebral blood flow were measured in the area of dorsal hippocampus. Both observed parametres were significantly increased after the application of3α5βP-Glu. These findings confirm the assumption that 3α5βP-Glu has a neuroprotective effect. The bilateral occlusions of arteriae carotis communis following placement of the rat into a hypoxic box has been utilized as a model of global ischemic brain injury. The aplication of 3α5βP-Glu increased significantly the rats survival. However,...
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Meaning and resource of selenium in human nutrition
KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ, Zuzana
Bachelor's thesis concentrates on functions of selenium in human nutrition. Selenium is an essential trace element of importance to human health. Its availability depends on the concentration of selenium in the soil. The average income of selenium in the Czech population are usually 36 g/day per individuals. Excess or insufficient selenium intakes can result in adverse effects on human health. The most important sources of selenium in the diets of most people are meat, fish, eggs, milk, cereals and nuts. Selenium plays an important role in a number of metabolic functions including antioxidant systems, thyroid hormone metabolism, immune function and reproduction. Low selenium status are associated with increased risk of mortality, poor immune function, and cognitive decline, while high selenium status cause garlic breath, hair and nail loss, disorders of the nervous system and skink and poor dental health. Amount of selenium and its need changes during life. Recommended doses of selenium for women are 55 g/day and for men 70 g/day. Pregnant and lactating women require an average of 65-75 g selenium/day. Selenium deficiency in women causes problems with pregnancy, fetal malformations or postnatal complications. Newborn baby receives in breast milk about 10 g selenium/day. The recommended doses for children are in the range of 20-30 g selenium/day. The lack of selenium in seniors causes loss of muscle mass and strenght. Conversely sufficient doses of selenium can prevent the development of osteoporosis and various health complications. During sport aktivity, in the body there arise a large amount of free radicals and that is why it is necessary to suply the body of a sufficient amount of selenim, which helps prevent with its antioxidant effect oxidative damage of the muscles. The population exposed to low levels of selenium, the lack can be increased by use of dietary supplements with selenium.
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Robotic Model of Human Thinking, Feeling and Behaviour
Pač, Peter ; Kubát, David (referee) ; Kněžík, Jan (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to design and create a basic model of human thinking, feeling and behaviour that is based on knowledge used mainly in the field of general and cognitive psychology. The solution is demostrated on the robot which is able to move and generate visual and acoustic effects. Thesis describe the design and implementation of this system and focuses on important functionality, interests and experimentation with constructed robot.
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Usage of LOTCA-G battery in occupational therapy by the seniors
Sýkorová, Magda ; Čábelková, Veronika (advisor) ; Svěcená, Kateřina (referee)
Usage of LOTCA-G battery in occupational therapy by the seniors This bachelor thesis is focusing on assesment by the seniors using LOTCA-G battery (Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment for Geriatric Population). The aim of theoretical part is to obtain basic information about human aging and about efects of aging on the human body, focusing on cognitive functions. It also deals with cognition function disorders and basic methods, commonly used to assess cognitive functions in the Czech republic. The theoretical part describes the LOTCA battery and its variants; compares basic LOTCA battery with its geriatric LOTCA-G variant. The practical part contains three case studies of Sue Ryder Home clients including an assessment of clients cognitive functions using LOTCA-G batery, design and implementation of therapy and comparison of input test and retest.
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