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The use of amodal completion inpredators recognition: effect on risk taking
Sedláčková, Kristýna ; Fuchs, Roman (advisor) ; Nekovářová, Tereza (referee)
Amodal completion enables animals (birds, mammals, but also fish) to perceive partly occluded objects as whole. Most of the studies focusing on the occlusion phenomenon were carried out in a laboratory and were based on either operant conditioning or filial imprinting techniques. This study concentrates on behavior of untrained animals in their natural habitat. Pairwise preferential experiments were used to reveal responses of tits (the great tit, Parus major; the blue tit, Cyanistes caeruleus; the marsh tit, Poecile palustris) to two dummies placed near an experimental and an alternative feeder. The dummies used were the complete dummy of a sparrowhawk and a pigeon, and partly occluded (the lower or upper torso hidden in shrubs) and amputated (only lower or upper torso on the perch) models of sparrowhawks - 15 combinations altogether. The tits considered all variants of torsos to be predators. The great tit and the blue tit perceived the model with occluded lower torso as more dangerous than the one with amputated lower torso. Such discrimination between these torsos requires the ability of amodal completion. The great tit also confirms this ability as it regarded the complete sparrowhawk and the model with occluded lower torso as equally dangerous. In the remaining cases, the number of arrivals...
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Socio-pathological features among children and young adults in special consideration of bullying
Štěpánková, Markéta ; Lorenzová, Jitka (advisor) ; Chrdlová, Michaela (referee)
This graduation thesis analyzes problems of one of the most frequent social - pathological phenomena among youth and children. Special attention is given to the characteristics and appearance of bullying among students in the upper grades of primary school. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part focuses on a review and description of exposures to aggressiveness, vandalism, truancy, and a variety of addictions and food intake disorders. The major part of this section concentrates on bullying - (the aggressor, the victim, symptoms, causes for its occurrence , prevention) The empirical part consists of a questionnaire inquiry focusing on the current situation as disclosed in classrooms at two primary schools with different backgrounds (one in the city and the other in the countryside). Each question in the questionnaire should bring an affirmation concerning the atmosphere in the classrooms, the dominant forms of bullying, and the differences in the behavior of boys versus girls. Other questions touch upon the orientation of students in the area of bullying-related problems and their ability to formulate ideas as how to possibly correct or solve these problems. The assessment of the questionnaire confirmed four out of five hypotheses: aggression dominance of boys...
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Children in risk in the Scout centre. Course proposal completing a training system of Junák - association of Scouts and guides of the Czech Republic
Kubíčková, Michaela ; Matoušek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Pazlarová, Hana (referee)
In my thesis I deal with problematic behaviour of children which scout leaders face in Liberec region and their ability to solve these problems. Theoretical part is followed by a combination of quantitative and qualitative research. In my theoretical part I described Junak organization - Association of Scouts and Guides of the Czech Republic, its training system. I also concentrated on what causes problematic children behaviour, competencies of a leader, danger for a child when there is a lack of competencies and methodology of work with children in Junak. My aim in empirical part was to understand what problems scout leaders face, if they are able to solve them, and what is their idea of an educational seminar which could help them when working with children in risk. I obtained data from 68 leaders in Liberec region by a questionnaire with open and closed questions. Then I used a method of semi-structured interview and obtained information from 10 centre leaders Retez Ceska Lipa. In interviews I focused on: problems which scout leaders have experienced, how they solved them, if this solution was successful and concrete ideas of a course. The result of this research is a proposal of content (schedule, length, form, methods, aims etc.) of a course for leaders working with children in risk. Key words...
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Communication in Multi-Agent Systems
Bosík, Andrej ; Štěpánek, Petr (advisor) ; Gregor, Petr (referee)
This thesis analyses the questions of communication between agents in MAS. Firstly, I tried to introduce a logic agents, particularly logic rational agents. For rational logic agents characterization I used LORA logic. I illustrated the syntax and the semantic of LORA. Then I concentrated on architecture MAS according to a FIPA specification. I used the JADE environment as implementation of this architecture. JADE is fully implemented in the JAVA language. I described how the communication between two JADE agents works and what form and parameters the messages according to the ACL language have. FIPA developed the ACL language for communication between agents. I described how agents use the protocols. JADE didn't contain any protocol for negotiation. That is why I integrated a new VETO protocol into JADE. This protocol can use all the JADE agents. In order to do it, I integrated new message parameters into JADE. This message parameters extend the ACL message parameters. For demonstration I implemented two classes in the JADE (one for the initiator and one for the responder) using a Veto protocol. Further, I described how new negotiation protocols could be add to JADE. For example I added to JADE another negotiation protocol, called NEGO. At last I used my new implemented ability to negotiation on...
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Effect of visual reeducation on increasing functional visual capacity of adults with visual impairment
Růžičková, Kamila ; Jesenský, Ján (advisor) ; Květoňová, Lea (referee) ; Ludíková, Libuše (referee)
The presented work concentrates on the topic of special education and rehabilitation of weak-stghted and low-vision adults. It focuses especially on development and current structure of special aid and support, which makes increasing functional visual capacity easier in situaions where visual abilities deteriorated during adult age or old age. After comparing situations in other European countries, this work goes on to point out needs and possibilities for future development of this area in the Czech Republic. Concrete attention is focused on one area of comprehrehensive sight re-education: the development o f functional visual performance with use of special optical aids and other means, whose optimal operation is achieved by means o f amended educational and rehabilitation programme. The core o f the thesis is the topic o f increasing reading competence and reading performance. The aim of the research part of the thesis is to contribute to the existing knowledge about creating and optimizing educational-rehabilitation programme using modem tyflopedic rehabilitation and tyflotechnical means. The structure of the program is tied with modern conceptions used in andragogics as well as in mentioned subjects. The presented research also has an evaluating function. Effectiveness of the experimental programme is...
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Quality of life of seniors in a retirement home
Koudelová, Ivona ; Borkovcová, Jitka (advisor) ; Solich, Jan (referee) ; Vostrovská, Helena (referee)
This Bachelor's Thesis concentrates on problems referred to quality of life of seniors in a retirement home. The theoretical part of this Thesis aims at specification and definition of fundamental concepts, such as gerontology, aging and old age, gerontological nursing, quality of geriatric care, quality of life of old people and adjustment abilities of seniors. The empirical part of the Thesis deals with real conditions, quality of life and adjustment of seniors to a stay in a retirement home. A half-structured interview was used to do the research work. During the survey, 36 respondents were randomly selected from the Retirement Home in Světlá nad Sázavou.
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Formation of carbonyl compounds by non-enzymatic protein glycation
Krautová, Lenka ; Boušová, Iva (advisor) ; Dršata, Jaroslav (referee)
Author: Lenka Krautová Publishing place: Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Title: Formation of carbonyl compounds by non-enzymatic protein glycation Supervisor: PharmDr. Iva Boušová, Ph.D. This diploma thesis was aimed at the optimization of carbonyl groups determination in biological material. Carbonyl groups are formed by effect of protein oxidation or glycation. As a model protein, I used bovine serum albumin for spectrophotometric and aspartate aminotransferase for electrophoretic method of assessment, which were glycated by several glycating agents (glucose; glucose + copper; fructose; fructose + copper; methylglyoxal). I optimized different parameters of spectrophotometric determination: solvent, concentration of reagent, amount of protein, and duration of incubation. I managed to find suitable conditions of this determination, which I have used in subsequent experiments with different glycating agents. At electrophoretic determination, I performed SDS-PAGE with following silver staining or immunoblotting with chemiluminescent detection. The results of spectrophotometric determination showed that methylglyoxal has the highest glycating ability, followed by fructose with addition of cupric ions, fructose itself, glucose with addition of cupric ions, and the...
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The Assessment in Current Lower Secondary School
Číško, Petr ; Váňová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Mazáčová, Nataša (referee)
This diploma thesis concentrates on the assessment in current lower secondary school. The author divides the topic into three parts: explanation of term assessment and school assessment, followed by aspects influencing the quality of assessment (criteria for assessment, the ability of students to assess and self-assess). The final part deals with two most common forms of assessment which are marking and verbal assessment. The diploma thesis is concluded with assessment of practical exploration. Its aim is findings in the area of practical usage of assessment provided by teachers, especially with marking as the most common form of assessment.
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The usage of algae in biogas transformation
Paroulkova, P. ; Sukačová, Kateřina ; Murgasová, K. ; Vítěz, T. ; Chovanec, J.
Using of algae in a biogas transformation is still in the beginning. However, the microalgae have large potential from the perspective of growing demands on biogas quality and trend of using,natural resources. First of all, it is their ability to fix carbon dioxide (CO2) using photosynthesis and presumed ability of some algae to metabolize hydrogen sulphide (H2S). Biogas contains not only required methane but also components causing its worse quality such as mentioned CO2 and H2S. Therefore, the algae are potential biological systems for biogas-conditioning. The microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick (IPPAS C2) was used for fixation of CO2 and H2S in our experiment. The microalgae were cultivated in a medium BG 11. The algal suspension was aerated with the biogas during two weeks. Different values of CO2 concentration measured in the input and output confirmed decrease of CO2 caused by intensive growth of algal culture. Decline of H2S was not confirmed.
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