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Political Business Cycle in Czech municipalities in period 2000 - 2013
Gec, Jaromír ; Rod, Aleš (advisor) ; Chytil, Zdeněk (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with Political Business (budget) Cycle in Czech municipalities. It tries to determine whether elections induce changes in the size and the structure of municipal budget expenditures and whether these changes increase chances of incumbent politicians' reelection. Using a dynamic panel, a fixed effects model and a linear probability model together with the dataset composed of 193 (or 187) municipalities 'of extended scope' in the period 2000 -- 2013 it was found that the biggest increase in capital expenditures takes place in pre-election years while after elections those expenditures decline. Such expansion does not seem to have a meaningful effect on chances of reelection though. Conversely budget deficits fall in pre-election years and grow in election years. Ideology has not been proved to have a significant impact neither on the size of expenditures nor on the magnitude of cyclical changes.
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Czech Radio local broadcasting analysis : with special regard in broadcasting for specific demographic structure of prague Citizen
Tomečková, Kateřina ; Maršík, Josef (advisor) ; Groman, Martin (referee)
This dissertation is aimed at a local broadcasting of Czech Radio (ČRo). Special emphasis is on station Czech Radio - Regina (ČRo - Regina), that broadcasts for capital city Prague. The first part of this dissertation is briefly about a local broadcasting history of Czech Radio and its legislative frame. Next part is focused on change of program schneme in Czech Radio - Regina in 2006. The second part is as well about listening rating in 2006, with one year distance. The chapter about reasons and tools for change is not missing. The authoress is evaluating research in radio audience preferences in Prague in the practical part of the dissertation. This chapter is completed with own qualitative research. This is the base for the final program change evaluation and radio management recommendation. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Taxation of income of business companies and their members (comparison of legal regulation in the Czech Republic and selected EU countries)
Rochfalušiová, Božena ; Novotný, Petr (advisor) ; Vondráčková, Pavlína (referee)
Taxation of Corporations and their Shareholders (Comparison of the Legislation of the Czech Republic, Slovak Republic and Great Britain in the Process of Harmonization of Direct Taxes in the EU) Abstract The purpose of my thesis is to compare taxation of income of companies and their shareholders according to Czech, Slovak and British legislation in the process of continuous approximation of the laws of the Member States of the European Union. Direct income-related taxes have a direct impact on profit of the companies. It is corporate income tax which can significantly affect business in a single market because capital, unlike labour, is a highly mobile factor that can flexibly move to countries with favourable tax treatment. The difference in corporate tax causes economic distortions; it affects businesses when deciding on placement and investment financing. The thesis is composed of nine chapters. The first chapter briefly examines harmonization process of direct taxes in the European Union. The chapter one consists of three subchapters. The first subchapter investigates the differences between tax harmonization and tax coordination. In second subchapter I am dealing with European directives which have direct impact on the direct-related taxes in the European Union. The third subchapter focuses on...
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Factors influencing prices of rental offices in Prague
Řeháček, Martin ; Svoboda, Miroslav (advisor) ; Mirvald, Michal (referee)
The thesis is focused on selected determinants which influence price of rental offices in Prague. The paper analyses a sample of 617 offices published on sreality.cz during July 2013. Using linear regression it was found out that each kilometer of the distance from center of the capital city, price of offices decreases by 2 %. It was also discovered that offices situated in skeleton buildings are by 25 % more expensive to rent than offices located in buildings made of bricks, or there was also found out that supply of offices including a garage makes them by 15 % more expensive than offices without it. The thesis also brought a surprise when there was discovered that the cheapest offices to rent are situated in City Region of Prague 3 although it is located in centre of Prague right next to City Region of Prague 1 with the most expensive offices to rent.
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The protection of minority shareholders' rights
Vostřel, Michal ; Černá, Stanislava (advisor) ; Zahradníčková, Marie (referee)
(The protection of minority shareholders' rights) The theme of this thesis is the protection of minority shareholders' rights. This problem of joint-stock companies is very comprehensive. So that this thesis is focused on rights belonging to shareholders with qualified share in stated capital of company which are situated in § 181 and § 182 in the Czech Commercial Code. The thesis consists of eight chapters. In the first chapter the comment of basic terms connecting to this topic is presented. The term of joint-stock company and its characteristic features are briefly engaged. Further the terms shareholder and minority shareholder are specified. The second chapter is focused on historical development of minority shareholders' rights from 1991 when the Commercial Code was enacted to the future. Special attention is given to amendments to the Commercial Code by Acts No. 142/1996 Coll., No. 370/2000 Coll. and No. 420/2009 Coll. In the third chapter the general comment about reasons of protection of minority shareholders' rights is given and areas of protection of these shareholders are specialized. The fourth chapter is concentrated on the right of minority shareholders to convence an extraordinary general meeting to discuss the program which is suggested. The Supreme Court of the Czech Republic has a...
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The Income Taxes and Securities
Cvetanova, Lilia ; Boháč, Radim (advisor) ; Marková, Hana (referee)
This thesis called "The Income Taxes and Securities" is aimed at reviewing a part of legislation dealing with revenues which may come from different kinds of securities. Securities are traditionally important instruments of the capital market and they also perform significant functions from a macro economical point of view. Security markets have experienced significant growth in past decades and securities became popular investment instruments for a wide range of small investors. Revenues generated from the transactions with securities are obviously interesting for the state authorities. The state wants to explore all these incomes to be able to tax them. In light of securities the most important taxes are the income taxes - personal income tax and corporate income tax. This thesis is divided into four relatively complex parts. The first one contains basic information about securities as an institute. It reviews the concept and characteristics of securities, their functions and classification as well. There are sources of the legal regulation of securities enlisted at last. The second part covers all kinds of securities known by the Czech legislation. This part describes all kinds of securities separately and briefly shows basic characteristics, obligatory elements and legal regulation of each one....
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Analysis of the relationship between interest rate and exchange rate within boarders of a small open economy
Brigant, Michal ; Mandel, Martin (advisor) ; Kučera, Lukáš (referee)
Primary objective of this thesis was to analyse the relationship between exchange rate and interest rate within borders of a small open economy. Different theoretical approaches often present us with various, sometimes even opposing conclusions when it comes to the matter of direction and intensity of the causal influence between these two variables. From author's point of view it is important to perceive the interaction between exchange rate and interest rate as a dynamic process rather than a static relationship. The empirical analysis was conducted on monthly time series (2000-2012) of three selected small open economies -- Poland, Hungary and Czech Republic. Graphical analysis, linear regression, vector autoregression and cointegration analysis were selected as suitable tools for meeting the objective of this thesis. Models themselves presented us with interesting conclusions, for example a proof of the international Fisher effect, exchange rate causally affecting the interest rate (interest rate differential) in case of spot rates against euro. Another curious phenomena was the inflow of foreign debt capital, which, as it seems, was actually pulling the exchange rate down rather than pushing it up due to rising indebtedness of the economy.
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An internal audit in the securities trader
Fenstererová, Klára ; Dvořáček, Jiří (advisor) ; Kafka, Tomáš (referee)
First part of this thesis content basic information about an audit, its history and present, relation between internal and external audit, an internal audit and its function, an Internal Auditor. Separate part is applied to risk management. Second part of this thesis characterize a company, the securities trader, present specifics of an internal audit and risk management in this company and briefly clarify a conception of a capital adequacy. Further describe execution of an internal audit and risk management, judge their benefits for the company and content suggestions for more efficient execution and usage of an internal audit and risk management.
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The impact of ambient ozone on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases of people living in Prague, 2002-2006
Řezáčová, Jana ; Bartoňová, Alena (referee) ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor)
Ambient ozone (O3) is one of significant components of atmospheric photochemical pollution. As a consequence of increasing emissions of its precursors and favourable meteorological conditions it is one of the most spread and most monitored atmosphere pollutants. O3 is a toxic gas unfavourably affecting human health. The study evaluates ambient ozone (O3) influence on the health of the people living in Prague, the capital of Czech Republic, during the period 2002-2006. Its specific theme is to investigate correlation between ambient ozone (O3) concentrations and daily mortality from all causes, daily mortality from cardiovascular diseases (diagnose I00-I99, ICD-10), daily mortality from respiratory diseases (diagnose J00-J99, ICD-10), daily hospitalizations from cardiovascular diseases (dg. I00-I99, ICD-10) and daily hospitalizations from respiratory diseases (dg. J00-J99, ICD-10). The correlations was evaluated via Poisson regression modelling, using generalized linear model procedure (GLM) in Stata program, allowing for overdispersion. Resulting correlations were adjusted to influence of climatic factors (temperature, humidity) and so-called calendar effects (long time trends, weekly runing days, holidays). Data analysis proved a statistically significant correlation between daily mortality from...
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Marxism, neo-marxism - views of education
Kratochvíl, Jan ; Mužík, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kopecký, Martin (advisor)
The work talks about education in a sociological and philosophical context. It is based on the Marxist, or rather Neomarxist, point of view, introduced in the first part of the work. It mainly focuses on Marx's historical theory and the alienation of man in capitalism. Furthermore, the works of certain authors, who wrote about these topics, as well as criticised some of the features of the late capitalistic society are briefly discussed. The term education is then put in a social context and introduced in different culturally dependent variations. The goal of this section of the work is to show the dependence of the perception of education on the current historical and social context and to elaborate on its perception in the late capitalistic society. Then a certain theoretical definition is formed, which could be essential in solving certain problems based on the current structure of social relationships. The final part investigates school and reveals it as a certain institucional conservant of the current understanding of education. It shows that even school tuition depends on the historically and socially conditioned values and therefore cannot become the primary source for redefining the meaning of education, so that it could aid in solving some of the structural problems of society.
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