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There is no need to wait for accidents applying observation of traffic conflicts and behaviour in Czech practice
Ambros, Jiří ; Turek, Richard ; Valentová, Veronika
Contrary to traditional reactive perspective based on traffic accident occurrence, evaluation using surrogate safety measures is preferred in a proactive safety approach. Traffic conflicts have been one of such indicators; to enable their use in Czech practice, Czech traffic conflict technique and guidelines were developed. The paper presents the study requested by road agency with objective of proving the feasibility of the guidelines. The case study assessed the risk at a newly-built rural intersection on motorway exit ramp before and after a change of road marking. Methodology, observation of traffic conflicts and behaviour, its findings and practical conclusions are reported.
Fulltext:  PDF
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Fiscal rules in selected EU countries between 2004-2015: sensible method for consolidation of public finances or fad of politicians?
Veselý, Lukáš ; Strejček, Ivo (advisor) ; Chmelová, Pavla (referee)
The subject of fiscal rules is very topical issue. The rise of public debt in certain developed countries resulted in what is sometimes called "debt crisis". Debt of those countries which is higher than their annual gross domestic product is viewed as unpayable by some economists. The main objective of this thesis has been to prove or disprove hypothesis that the fiscal rules studied in this paper are an effective solution for public finance consolidation. This verification was based on the analysis of fiscal rules functioning in selected countries between 2004 and 2015. As per results of analysis the paper aims to give recommendations for the Czech financial constitution proposal. The actual results of inquiry proved the hypothesis. Well-chosen fiscal rules are the right way towards fiscal consolidation, provided they are observed. Fiscal rules making thus requires an emphasis to be placed on the well-formulated exit clauses altogether with prospective sanctions. The current Czech financial constitution proposal is built on the correctly picked fiscal rule type, although the reference value lacks economic sense and it would not lead, with a high degree of probability, towards fiscal consolidation.
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Assessment of laboratory tests efficiency in case of exocrine pancreas function determination
Šubčíková, Lenka ; Martínková, Markéta (advisor) ; Milichovský, Jan (referee)
Chronic pancreatitis is complex disease with complicated diagnosis. Nowadays there are the diagnosis and classification of chronic pancreatitis primarily based on imaging methods. In this study the results of two indirect tests of pancreatic exocrine function with different arrangement were compared. The pancreatic fecal elastase 1 was determinate by immunoassay with monoclonal antibody, as a simple screening test. The dynamics and kinetics of pancreatic exocrine secretion was observed by a breath test with 13 C-labeled substrate. The group of four volunteers was monitored for six months and analyzed each month. The mutual variability of these tests and their correlation was studied. The patients' (suspected suffering by chronic pancreatitis) anonymous data for these tests created by the Institute of laboratory biochemistry and laboratory diagnostics between 1999-2012 were statistical processed. We found, that the indirect tests of pancreatic exocrine function and determination of pancreatic enzymes does not correlate. Both of these tests have the specific diagnostic value mainly for diagnosis of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. 1
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Access to Information and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters in the Republic of Irealand and the Czech Republic
Vítková, Martina ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with access to environmental information and access to justice in environmental matters introduced by Aarhus Convention in the specific conditions of Czech Republic and Ireland. These rights are considered to be very important tools for environmental protection. At a time when people threaten their own existence by negative interference with the environment it is necessary that effective means for its protection exist. These means are access to environmental information and access to justice in environmental matters, which together can be called as environmental procedural rights. The first chapter of this thesis presents the sources of environmental procedural law and observes the development of law at international, European and national level. The most important international document in this field is the Aarhus Convention that was adopted in 1998 by most of the European countries and that provides for access to environmental information, access to justice and public participation in environmental decision-making. This convention has largely affected the law of the European Union, where several directives has been adopted, including most importantly the Directive 2003/4/EC on access to environmental information and the Directive 2003/35/EC on public participation in...
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Dietary supplements and iodine supplementation for children 11-12 years in the Czech Republic
HALÁSZOVÁ, Monika
Bachelor Thesis called "Dietary supplements and iodine supplementation for children 11-12 years in the Czech Republic" deal with the intake of dietary supplements containing iodine and intake of other significant dietary sources of iodine in relationship to saturation with iodine in the monitored group of 300 children aged 11-12 years . The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. Theoretical part deal with established issues in light of current situation and uses the knowledge of specialized literature in these areas: iodine and his dietary sources, influence of deficient or excessive intake of iodine on thyroid gland and its function, and also the solution to iodine deficit in Czech Republic. The thesis also deals with dietary supplements and nutrition of school-aged children. Practical part is focused on quantitative research. This research was done on selected group of children who had low level of ioduria (iodine in urine) according to State health institution. Statistical file included 300 children of both gender in age from 11 to 12 who live in Czech Republic. The reason why children of this age were chosen is because of importance of optimal intake of iodine in period of physical and sexual evolution. The children were divided into two groups. One group had ioduria up to 300ug/l and the second group had ioduria over 300u/l. Data were collected through questionnaire. Because of age of respondents, the questionnaire was filled in presence of at least parent. The questionnaire should have also served to parents as information about iodine importance for their children. The individual evaluation of ioduria and questionnaire was given to parents upon their request. Collected data were evaluated in Microsoft Excel. In practical part, two main goals and two research questions are set. Their task is to determine the rate of usage of dietary supplements with iodine and to find out what significant sources of iodine the children with ioduria over 300u/l take in. The milk and milk products, salt with iodine, salted delicacies, sea products and dietary supplements with iodine were observed as probable main sources of iodine intake. The first goal was to find out the amount of iodine intake from dietary supplements for previously mentioned group of children. The second goal was to find out if the dietary supplements with iodine (or any other combination of food rich on iodine) are used by observed individuals with ioduria over 300u/l. The results of research show if the respondent's level of ioduria is affected by in taking the dietary supplements or food with significantly higher content of iodine. My own research proved relatively frequent (but irregular) intake of dietary supplements with iodine by whole examined population. On the other hand, usage of dietary supplements with iodine is probably not correlated with usage of table salt without iodine or with thyroid gland illness by individual respondent or in his family. The milk and milk products and table salt with iodine proved to be the main source of iodine. According to research, children with excessive ioduria consume sources of iodine as frequent as other children. Deeper insight into results shows that reason for excessive saturation with iodine is combination of intake of dietary supplements as well as other significant food sources of iodine, especially milk and its products. By several respondents, the higher level of ioduria can be caused by higher consummation of sea products or by usage of dietary supplements with iodine in last two days. The need for better awareness about suitable rate of iodine dietary supplements intake as well as medical importance for lowering the amount of (iodine) table salt in food was discovered by research. The optimal supply of iodine by higher percent of observed population could be also achieved by optimizing the content of iodine in milk.
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Determination of Total Antioxidant Capacity in Select Food products and Dietary Supplements by Flow Injection Analysis with Chemiluminiscent Detection
Průchová, Karolína ; Rychlovský, Petr (advisor) ; Hraníček, Jakub (referee)
In this diploma thesis, a functional method for the determination of total antioxidant capacity by flow injection analysis with the chemiluminiscent detection was successfully developed. Luminol in carbonate buffer (composed of Na2CO3, NaHCO3 and (NH4)2CO3), with Cu2+ ionts as a catalyst, was used as a chemiluminiscent reagent. Chemiluminiscent radiation was induced by a diluted solution of hydrogen peroxide, a long-lasting chemiluminiscence was observed. First part of this thesis is dedicated to the optimalisation of the experimantal conditions for antioxidant capacity measurements as well as to the construction of apparatus for flow measurings. L-ascorbic acid was used as a standard. In the second part of this thesis the freshly developed method was used to determinate total antioxidant capacity of real food product simples, namely tea and coffee simples, beers, wines, chocolates, fresh fruit juices and selected food supplements. Results of this analysis were expressed as a vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity (VCEAC) related to standard, in mg/ml for liquid simples and in g/mg for solid simples. Results obtained are: tea simples 53 - 347 mg/1g of dried product, coffee simples 399-449 mg/g of dried product, beers 1,1-1,4 mg/ml, wines 4,2 - 4,8 mg/ml, fresh lemon juice 4,7 mg/ml, fresh kiwi juice 2,1...
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Sorption and Stabilization of Metals/Mettalloids by Innovative Synthesized Sorbent Amochar.
Ouředníček, P. ; Trakal, L. ; Komárek, M. ; Pohořelý, Michael
Remediation of contaminated soil which is based on stabilization and immobilization of potential\nhazardous substance by sorption materials has been studied intensively nowadays. Biochar – activated organic carbon belongs to this group of stabilizing agents which can adsorb wide range of contaminants, including metals/metalloids. Surface area of the biochars is quite large in general and functional groups (e.g. COO–) can form chelates or alkaline elements on the surface, which is represented by cation exchange capacity. Altogether with the high pH values (7.00 – 10.00), biochars are quite effective sorbents and can adsorb metals/metalloids from the solution (ground water), especially in acidic soils (in the environments affected by intensive mining activities). Sorption\neffectiveness can be increased (especially for As (V) or Cr (VI) sorption) by modification of biochar by various types of secondary oxides. Innovative sorbent AMOchar (AMO + biochar) has been synthesized currently. The product was prepared by adding of biochar to the reaction solution during amorphous manganese oxide (AMO) synthesis. The AMOchar was formed mainly by Mn-oxalates which had coated surface of the pristine biochar. AMOchar composite was able to remove significantly higher amounts of various metal(loid)s from the solution despite the rather high pH of the material. Sorption effectiveness was high not only in case of Pb (II) sorption (almost 99%), and Cd(II) (51.2%), but also a very high amount of As(V), 91.4%. Additionally, both AMOchar composite was able to reduce Mn leaching. This can avoid potential post-contamination caused by the dissolution of less stable Mn-oxalates as observed in the pure AMO.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_22316111113040 - PDF
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Information content in vocalization of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus): individual distinction and recognition of predators
Baklová, Aneta ; Baranyiová, Eva (advisor) ; František, František (referee)
Guinea pigs represent domesticated precocious rodents which became common pets. From the first day after birth they are fully vocal. This thesis was devoted
to the vocalization of pups. The aim of the thesis was to 1) determine the age when the vocal individuality in whistle sound is demonstrable; 2) test possible ultrasonic signals emitted by young guinea pigs; 3) study the antipredator reactions and alarm calls to aerial (bird of prey) and terrestrial (dog) predators and human (control test).
A total of 16 guinea pig pups were tested for vocal individuality, 28 pups
for ultrasonic vocalization and 27 adolescents for predator recognition. When testing vocal ontogeny during the first 9 days after birth, I observed changes in temporal, frequency and parameter of intensity . When I test vocal individuality by cross-validated discriminant function analysis (DFA) based on ten acoustic parameters, calls were classified to correct animals with following success: day 1 = 71.9%, day 3 = 58.8%, day 5 = 53.10%, day 7 = 50.60% and day 9 = 63.10%. The highest frequency in whistle was 30.03 kHz. In predator discrimination reactions as freezing, fleeing and vigilance were observed. In the presence of dog, guinea pigs reacted for the longest time and most frequently by freezing. When confronted with a bird of prey, I observed for a longest time and most often fleeing and then freezing. When exposed to a human, guinea pigs showed mostly vigilance. Almost no vocalization was observed except for two events
of alarm calls - drrr as in the presence of dog and chirrup as reaction to bird of prey.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the presented results: 1) vocal individuality of guinea pigs is demonstrable immediately after birth and the rate
of individually different vocal parameters changes with age; 2) guinea pigs are able
to produce sound up to 30 kHz, i.e. within the ultrasound range, but signals of high frequencies are not crucial for their communication; 3) guinea pigs discriminate between terrestrial and aerial predators, but they emit alarm calls rather rarely.
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Influence of meadow management on the migration behavior of selected species of butterflies
Bubová, Terezie ; Langrová, Iva (advisor) ; Farkač, Jan (referee)
Migrations are the key process and one of the basic biological features, which allow survival of endangered species in fragmented landscape. In the last decades, agriculture intensification, industry and urbanization caused that number of natural butterfly habitats has significantly decreased. The localities originally suitable for butterflies are currnetly converted to farmland or building plots. This PhD thesis aimed to find a compromise solution of meadow management, which should allow a commercial use and concurrently do not jeopardize the continued existence of endangered or threatened species. The main idea of this study was in the intentional emigration causing in the middle of flight period, which should lead into resettlement of the population to another (potentially more suitable) locality. Possibility of aimed manipulation with butterfly emigrations would be considered as a major breakthrough in their protection.
The investigated species Phengaris nausithous (Bergsträsser, 1779) and Phengaris teleius (Bergsträsser, 1779) are both considered to be flagship species for protection of European butterflies at open meadows. This study is based on research, which was carried out in 2013-2015 at 17 patch in localities Dolní Labe, Czech Republic. In above mentioned years, one selected meadow was mowed in the middle of flight season and the emigrations were then monitored using mark-release-recapture method. Results of population and migration characteristics were calculated in MARK 8.1 software. Subsequently, the effect of mowing on emigration (comparison of emigrations from the meadow before and after mowing) was evaluated using Statistica 13.
The hypotheses of this study were based on the assumption, that the loss of resources after well-timed mowing should increase the activity of adult butterflies. During the monitoring, number of emigrations was increased only in flight season 2015. Unfortunately, the statistical evaluation did not show significant effect of mowing on migrations. On the other hand, the hypothesis dealing with colonization of nearest meadows was confirmed.
Effect of intentional emigration caused by management interventions was unfortunately not proved. However, we found out, that even though the population at one mowed meadow decreased clearly, the metapopulation size at the locality remained more or less stable.
At investigated (mowed) meadow, there was observed a sharp decline of P. nausithous abundance. On the other hand, P. teleius population was only slightly reduced. It is therefore conceivable, that P. teleius are not as susceptible to innapropriate term of mowing. The results obtained in our research conclusively displayed no possible positive effect of mowing in the middle of flight season and a necessity of suitable management maintenance at localities inhabited by Phengaris butterflies.
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Corrosion behavior of plasma coatings CuAl10 and CuAl50 on magnesium alloy AZ 91
Kubatík, Tomáš František ; Stoulil, J. ; Stehlíková, K. ; Slepička, P. ; Janata, Marek
The most common magnesium alloy AZ 91 is widely used as a structural material, but its use is limited at higher temperatures and high humidity. Plasma spraying is a technology that allows to prepare protective metallic and non-metallic coatings on a wide variety of substrates including magnesium and its alloys. In this study, CuAl10 and CuAl50 were plasma sprayed on magnesium alloy AZ 91 with the aim to study corrosion resistance of the plasma sprayed coatings. The corrosion resistance of layers was evaluated by the method of electrochemical potentiodynamic measurement as well as long-term corrosion tests in a condensation chamber with 0.5 mol\nNaCl at the temperature of 35 °C for 1344 hours. Layers with 1, 2, 5 passes and passes of CuAl10 with the thickness ranging from 75 to 716 mm and CuAl50 with the thickness ranging from 64 to 566 mm were prepared. The increased corrosion velocity was observed in the case of thin layers of 2 and 5 passes due to the development of a galvanic corrosion couple. The CuAl10 layer prepared with ten passes has an outstanding corrosion resistance.
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