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Motherhood seen throw the eyes of three generations of women
Havránková, Tereza ; Levínská, Markéta (advisor) ; Presslerová, Pavla (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to make a plot of generations changes in motherhood. The aim of the theoretical part is to introduce possible views on motherhood. It gives us a look at materhood like a social construct and a biological instinct. This part is also dealing with their reciprocal combinations. Another parts of this section is to introduce motherhood like a social role and motherhood like a sense of identity. The aim of the practical part is to collect information from mothers of three generations about their own experiences with motherhood. The interview was according to The Grounded Theory. The particular aims of this section are to discover important areas of motherhood for women of all generations, find out the generation changes in this areas and evaluate the impact of this changes on the final image of motherhood. The generation changes and important areas of motherhood are compared and discussed with theoretical findings from the first part. The conclusion of this work thesis is focused on importance of these generation changes on the final image of motherhood.
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Less common metabolites of steroid hormones in human physiology and pathophysiology.
Máčová, Ludmila ; Hampl, Richard (advisor) ; Rauch, Pavel (referee) ; Černý, Ivan (referee)
The thesis focuses on selected, yet unsolved question of the role of less common steroids and SHBG as a junction of three endocrine systems. Answering these questions may help to understand the complex mechanism of action of these hormones on the human organism. This thesis is based on five author and co-written studies mostly published in foreign scientific journals. In the case of studies of metabolites 16α-OH-DHEA and 7-oxo-DHEA (Zamrazilová et al., 2007; Kazihnitková et al., 2007) were focused on the development of appropriate methodological approach because recently used methods showed a low sensitivity and specificity. We developed and statistically evaluated new RIA methods which are rapid, sensitive and inexpensive. Both of them can be used in other research even in routine practice. New methods were also used to determine the metabolites in a statistically significant sample of healthy human population. In another study (Zamrazilová et al., 2010) we examined the relationships of selected steroid metabolites and SHBG in patients with CAH. We assumed that SHBG may act as a non-steroidal laboratory parameter reflecting the effectiveness of substitution therapy in these patients. Our assumption was not confirmed. We observed lower levels of SHBG which at least in women reflect effects of...
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Cost-effectiveness model of universal screening for thyroid disorders in pregnancy for the Czech Republic
Tužil, Jan ; Bartáková, Jana (advisor) ; Brennan Kearns, Pavla (referee) ; Babeľa, Róbert (referee)
Model nákladové efektivity plošného screeningu poruchy funkce štítné žlázy v těhotenství pro Českou republiku Cost-effectiveness model of universal screening for thyroid disorders in pregnancy for the Czech Republic Disertační práce English Abstract Introduction: Subclinical hypothyroidism affects approximately 5% of pregnant women in the Czech Republic and is associated with a number of health risks for both mother and child. The negative effects can be prevented by effective and safe hormone replacement therapy. Although subclinical hypothyroidism can be diagnosed solely by blood tests, only 45% of pregnant women in the Czech Republic are currently tested. Thyroid function screening (thyrotropin; TSH) can be accompanied by thyroid autoimmunity testing (anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies; anti-TPO) to predict increased risk of postpartum thyroiditis. Aims: The aim is to model the cost-effectiveness, budgetary impact and impact on routine practice of the introduction of universal TSH screening (versus the current state of things) and an addition of the universal anti-TPO screening (versus TSH screening alone). Method: The cost-benefit ratio, budget impact, and impact on routine practice were modelled using a decision tree for implementation of the TSH test and a nested decision tree for the addition of the...
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The nursing process for a newborn of drug-addicted mother
Sklenáková, Julie ; Lukšová, Markéta (advisor) ; Gáll, Juraj (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on drug-addicted mothers and their newborns. The main aim of my thesis was to find out how non-medical and medical health professionals perceive working with these women. Other objectives include finding out the fear of healthcare workers about the possible transmission of infection or awareness of aftercare options for these women and their babies. My work is divided into a theoretical part and a practical part. In the theoretical part, the use of the most common addictive substances in pregnancy is mentioned. In addition, neonatal abstinence syndrome and fetal alcohol syndrome are described. In the last section of the theoretical part, aftercare options for drug-addicted mothers and their children or the whole family are presented. The practical part is prepared using an anonymous questionnaire survey of own design intended for health care professionals. The research was carried out at the Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology of the First Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague. Key words: newborn, drugs, pregnancy, nursing process, addiction
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Pregnancy in woman with spinal cord injury from perspective of occupational therapist
Moravcová, Kateřina ; Hradilová, Iva (advisor) ; Rotbartová, Eliška (referee)
Title: Pregnancy in woman with spinal cord injury from perspective of occupational therapist Abstract: This bachelor thesis is dedicated to identifying the area of occupational therapist support and the use of occupational therapy during pregnancy in women with spinal cord injury to achieve self-sufficiency and influence quality of life during this period. It also looks at defining areas where increased assistance is needed compared to the pre-pregnancy and trimester conditions. The theoretical part focuses on the areas of counselling as one of the occupational therapist's job responsibilities, which includes items of planning, preparation, education and training in the areas of preparation for childcare, preparation for the delivery room, preparation of compensatory aids, focus on quality of life and psyche of the pregnant woman with spinal cord injury and ADL training. In the practical part, the thesis uses a questionnaire as a method of data collection. The questionnaire focuses on general information about the pregnant woman, and mainly on personal activities of daily life, assistance and occupational therapy intervention. It showed that in pregnant women with spinal cord lesions, self-sufficiency in ADL decreases as pregnancy progresses, being lowest in the third trimester. This is highest for...
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Effect of antidepressants on placental monoamine homeostasis
Horáčková, Hana ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Sumová, Alena (referee) ; Soukup, Ondřej (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Hana Horackova Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. Frantisek Staud, Ph.D. Title of doctoral thesis: Effect of antidepressants on placental monoamine homeostasis Depression in pregnancy is an increasingly common problem and it is reported that up to 25 % of pregnant women suffer from depression and approximately 13 % are prescribed antidepressants. Currently, the most commonly prescribed antidepressants in pregnancy are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). However, the safety of these treatments is still controversial, as poor pregnancy outcomes such as organ malformations, increased incidence of neurological disorders, and preeclampsia have been reported in pregnant women taking antidepressants. However, knowledge of the responsible mechanisms is still lacking at present as they have not been sufficiently investigated. Although the effect of antidepressants on the availability of serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine in brain tissue has been extensively characterized in the literature, the interactions of antidepressants with placental monoamine transporters have not received attention to date. However,...
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Outpatient births as seen by the general public
Fílová, Šárka ; Buryanek, Adam (advisor) ; Lukavec, Vojtěch (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with outpatient birth from the perspective of the general public. Outpatient birth is defined as a birth in the maternity ward after which the woman leaves at her own request sooner than 72 hours after hospitalization. This thesis is conceived as theoretical-practical. The theoretical part provides a complex overview about outpatient birth including its definition, legislation, preparation, phases, the process itself and a discussion about its advantages and disadvantages. The theoretical part also deals with potential complications in the puerperium. The practical part focuses on analyzing data obtained from an anonymous questionnaire which 212 people have completed. The main goal of the questionnaire was to find out the level of awareness and perception of outpatient birth by the general public. The results show that the majority of respondents have basic knowledge about outpatient births, but there still exists a significant number of people who came into contact with this concept for the first time through this questionnaire or they have insufficient information about the subject. Key words Outpatient birth, females, human, birth, gestation
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Physical activity during pregnancy
Arabaszová, Zuzana ; Macková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Vojtěch, Jiří (referee)
1 Abstract The subject of this bachelor thesis is physical activity during pregnancy. The main goal of the thesis is to evaluate the influence of education on women's attitude towards physical activity during pregnancy. Furthermore, we evaluate the effect of place of residence on the level of activity and the effect of activity on weight gain during pregnancy. The work is structured into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part provides an overview of bodily changes during pregnancy and describes a wide range of potential physical activities performed by pregnant women, including their benefits and risks. Finally, in the theoretical part, we deal with myths associated with physical activity during pregnancy and their refutation. The research part is based on data collection using online questionnaires distributed through websites for pregnant and postpartum women. A descriptive analysis of the collected data was first performed, then we assessed the level of physical activity, its preferred types, the importance that women attach to physical activity during pregnancy, the acceptability of individual activities, the influence of age and residence on the choice and amount of activity performed, the approach to weight regulation increase and its influence on the amount of activity performed....
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Endometriosis and its effect on a woman's quality of life, pregnancy and childbirth
Harris, Caroline Sarah ; Lukavec, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Buryanek, Adam (referee)
In my bachelor's thesis, I will focus on the topic of endometriosis and its impact on a woman's quality of life, pregnancy, and childbirth. Endometriosis is a gynecological condition characterized by the pathological presence of uterine lining, called endometrium, outside the uterine cavity. It can affect almost any organ in the human body, most commonly the adnexa or pelvic cavity. Ectopically located tissue is subject to cyclic hormonal changes and can form adhesions or cysts, which can be a source of severe pelvic pain. It is thus a chronic condition that affects a woman's daily life, especially her reproductive health. My work will consist of two parts - theoretical and research. The aim of the theoretical part will be to briefly describe and summarize current basic knowledge related to endometriosis, including the definition of the condition, its causes, symptoms, basic classification, and subsequently diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Lastly, I would mention the issue of conception in women with endometriosis and the impact of this disease on the quality of life. In the second part of the thesis, I will conduct research based on available data regarding women diagnosed with endometriosis who have become pregnant and subsequently given birth. I will focus on the course of pregnancy and...
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Nutrition and sport of a selected group of women during pregnancy
Čapková, Barbora ; Váchová, Alena (advisor) ; Kovaříková, Miroslava (referee)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on nutrition and exercise during pregnancy in a selected group of women. The main aim of this study is to determine whether dietary habits have changed among pregnant women and in what manner. Additionally, it seeks to find out whether pregnant women continue with their physical activity/sport routines from before conception. The presented thesis comprises two main parts: the theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is divided into two major subchapters. The first subchapter concerns nutrition during pregnancy, detailing specific aspects such as suitable and unsuitable diets, appropriate dietary supplementations, intake of fruits and vegetables, and adequate hydration, which pregnant women often overlook. Following this is the second subchapter, which addresses exercise during pregnancy. Topics include the significance of physical activity during pregnancy, suitable and unsuitable physical activities/sports during gravidity, physical activity across trimesters, and the impact of physical activity on the mental well-being of pregnant women. In the practical part of the bachelor's thesis, the preparation, execution, and results of a questionnaire survey are described. The research segment examines the awareness and knowledge of pregnant women regarding proper...
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