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Teaching Prosocial Skills at Primary Schools
Dykastová, Zuzana ; Bendl, Stanislav (advisor) ; Syřiště, Ivo (referee)
The Master thesis "Teaching Prosocial Skills at Primary Schools" deals with the theory related to the prosocial behaviour and further aims to describe present possibilities and methods of teaching prosocial skills at primary schools. The author, in the theoretical part, characterizes and analyses prosocial behaviour, according to its types and forms, outlines basic theories of prosocial behavior and its determinants. The author further gives examples of how schools are able to incorporate teaching prosocial skills in school curricula. The author, in the empiric part, introduces opinions, attitudes, ideas and previous experiences of teachers and students with this education, using interviews and analyses of school curricula and minimum preventive program.
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The Possibilities of Empathy and Altruism Development in Pre-School Children"
Smoljak, Filip ; Havránková, Olga (advisor) ; Kodymová, Pavla (referee)
(in English): There are different ways of pre-school children empathy and altruism development. The theoretical part of the thesis concerns aspects that according to experts play the most important role from the specific point of view and in the specific social environment. It contains an analysis of the master educational plan and available auxiliary literature. The thesis also specifies examples of empathy support in the Czech Republic and abroad and describes the everyday routine in several typical Kindergarten classes. The practical part gathers findings concerning children's empathy support in common practice through the qualitative research from the perspective of the Kindergarten staff. It also describes children's abilities and skills in helping others as well as their limits. The final part of the thesis focuses on the possible future implementation of the methods into the master educational plan using the acquired knowledge for the socially undesirable phenomena prevention.
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The Role of Empathy in Ethical Behaviour
Novák, Lukáš ; Matějek, Jaromír (advisor) ; Ovečka, Libor (referee)
More than two hundred years ago David Hume together with his fellow philosopher Adam Smith posited, that ethical behaviour arises from so called: "moral sense". In the other words, they share the same idea, that passions are principle evoking and guiding human behaviour. Hume claim: "Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions" (…). It is possible that this statement - among others - woke up from the 'dogmatic dream' one of the greatest philosophers of all time - Immanuel Kant, who propose, - contrary to Hume - that reason but not necessary passions can determinate human actions. In the question of what rule the passions in ethics have, it seems to be helpful to use the knowledge which follows from recent science. During this thesis we will use methods such as: comparison, analysis and synthesis. Main aim of this thesis will be to deal with the following question: what relationship can be observed between empathy, "moral sense" and ethical behaviour in perspective of recent science. This enquiry will therefore try to deal with the old question: what the the relationship between reason, passions and ethical behaviour is.
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Educational values from the perspectives of preschool teachers
Krausová, Simona ; Hejlová, Helena (advisor) ; Loudová Stralczynská, Barbora (referee)
Values and their role in preschool education are the main topic of this diploma thesis. The mail aim is to find the answer to the question what kind of educational values nursery teachers consider to be the most important ones from their point of view concerning the curricula. In the theoretical part of my diploma thesis I describe values from different perspectives: from philosophical, psychological, sociological and pedagogical perspective which is the most important ones. It is examined how values are connected with and grounded in the binding document "Framework educational programme for preschool education", I also focus on ethical principles of preschool teachers which should be followed and I describe the influence of values on shaping of children's behaviour. In the empirical part I introduce research information, data collections and data analysis and main results. The most important values from preschool teacher's point of view can be divided into three groups: moral values, values connected with relationships and values connected with skills. Keywords values, moral values, social relationships, social skills
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Use of techniques and methods of drama development of social communication of preschool children in a long-term project "What my hand has seen"
Hovorková, Jiřina ; Holemá, Irena (advisor) ; Ferklová, Alžběta (referee)
Jiřina Hovorková: The thesis examines the use of different methods and techniques with respect to drama education within the framework of a long term project seeking to develop and underpin social skills of a selected group of children in preparatory grade. The theoretical part of the thesis concentrates on characteristics of children in the preparatory grade age from a development perspective, methods and techniques of drama education, whilst another chapter is devoted to the curiculum education system, a further chapter covers project education. The practical part of the thesis endeavoured to compare the level of social skills between agroup of children which had integrated disabled children and another group of ordinary children in prepatory grade. Another objective of the thesis was to motivate children to creatively collaborate with respect to the creation of a tactile book and a CD entry.
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Motivation of volunteers in retirement homes in Prague
Míčková, Adéla ; Šťastná, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Dragomirecká, Eva (referee)
Volunteers are an important part of everyday life in homes for the elderly. The aim of this thesis is to determine how the volunteers are appreciated, as are volunteers motivated and what is the feedback to their activities. The thesis also mentions the causes that may lead to the eventual termination of volunteering. The theoretical part deals with seniors as a social group, which is an important part of our society. It further explains the concepts related to volunteering and defines prosocial behavior. Another important term, which the thesis explaines is motivation. The term "motivation" is later used in the relation to volunteering. The research is based on interviews with volunteers from selected homes, specifically in Prague. These interviews are then analyzed, with particular emphasis on what lead volunteers to their activity and what are the important things that persuade them to volunteer in the future. Furthermore there are mentionednegative aspects of volunteering. Finally, there are analyzed factors that have an impact on volunteering activities. Finally, the work follows necessities that must be done to improve the quality of the volunteer program by workers as well as by volunteers.
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Economic Aspects of Blood Donation
Hanus, Luboš ; Janotík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kukačka, Jiří (referee)
Sufficient blood supply is a continuous problem for health care systems around the world. The diversity of systems is also manifested as different methods of compensation and motivation of donors. During the last century the different types of compensation and motivation have brought about various high probabilities of transmission of infectious diseases. The goal of this thesis is to provide a sufficient description of donors' motivations in the Czech Republic and elsewhere. The first part aims to compare the risk of financially compensated blood donors and those who are not compensated. The second part gives a description of characteristics of the sample donors from the Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion in Prague. A probit model is used to analyse the sensitivity of donors to two benefits provided by the state, these benefits are either a paid working day-off on the day of donation or the possibility of deduction of 2000 CZK from one's taxable income for each donation.
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Does weeping in adults increase the probability of prosocial behavior among observers?: A systematic literature review
Zíková, Lucie ; Lukavská, Kateřina (advisor) ; High, Radka (referee)
The presented systematic literature review seeks answers to the question "Does weeping in adults increase the probability of prosocial behavior among observers?". Our methodology follows the PRISMA Statement recommendations. On the basis of predefined key words 2278 records have been identified in the Scopus and PsycINFO databases. Overlapping records have been removed and abstracts and whole texts have been screened to evaluate the fulfilment of the eligibility criteria and the relevance for the predefined question and this resulted in the inclusion of 8 articles representing 10 experiments into the final analysis. This thesis brings an overview of these studies and their conclusions and methodologies. It discusses the strengths and weaknesess of the various approaches. It turned out that the fact, whether participants are presented with a decontextualized stimulus material or whether they are at least slightly acquainted with the context, plays an important role in the research. If the context is included, it appears that the influence of tears on the willingness to help is not as strong as in the case of its absence. Furthermore, many other factors have been found to be relevant that affect this relationship. We also discuss the adequacy of the the concept "prosocial behaviour" as hypotheses...
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Integrity and social desirability in psychiatric in-patients
Doubková, Nikola
This thesis deals with two constructs - social desirability and integrity. The main aim of this thesis is to create an interview which will allow to distinguish people by their level of integrity and their tendency to respond in a socially desirable manner. The interview can serve as a face-to-face variant of questionnaire methods. Theoretical foundations of both social desirability as well as integrity are presented in the theoretical part of the thesis. Complexity of both constructs is considered. Therefore, approaches of various authors are presented. Methods for assessing socially desirable responding in self- reports as well as integrity are also presented as part of the theoretical section of this thesis. The effects of social desirability on integrity assessment is discussed, as well. In the empirical part of the thesis the development of the semi-structured interview is described. The interview was developed based on original Czech test battery focusing on personal integrity at the workplace. Specifically, questionnaire Integrita v pracovním a běžném životě alongside with questionnaire assessing social desirability was used. The semi-structured interview contains a total of eight questions. Each question includes short story, and the respondent is asked to judge his / her behavior in this...
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