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Development and Electoral Success of Selected Populist Parties in the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom between 2010 and 2019
Marxová, Barbora ; Stracený, Josef (advisor) ; Samek, Tomáš (referee)
This diploma theses presented deals with the development and electoral success of chosen populist parties and movements in the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom, and a comparison of the electoral success in those countries. The thesis is focused on the period between 2010 and 2019, given that the year 2010 represents a turning point considering election results in both countries. The first part of the thesis presents theoretical background of the study of populism and different understandings of the concept. The minimal definition of populism is presented there, together with three fundamental actors of populism which are then used to identify individual populist parties. The second and the third part of this thesis deal with the situation in the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom, respectively. We identify populist political parties and movements which are active on nationwide level and which managed to gain substantial results in parliamentary elections in the country or in elections to the European Parliament. Each party is described in terms of its development and its activity in politics, and then its electoral success in important elections is assessed. Subsequently, relevant party materials are analyzed, such as manifestos, websites, and leaders' statements which show particular...
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Creation and develepment of party PODEMOS from 2014 to 2020
Faltis, Tadeáš ; Stracený, Josef (advisor) ; Lánský, Ondřej (referee)
This bachelor thesis addresses the formation and evolution of the political party PODEMOS from 2014 until 2020. The main purpose is to present a balanced and integrated view of this Spain's leftist party. The whole thesis is divided into three parts. The first one, which is theoretical, provides a historical and political context of the party PODEMOS. The second part covers the formation, organization, funding sources and programmes of the party, paying special attention to the transformation from the civil movement (15M) to the organised party. The third part deals with the parliamentary terms between 2014 and 2019, dealing with development activities undertaken by the party and their election outcomes.
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The Image of George Soros Conveyed by Selected Czech Politicians
Koblížková, Anna ; Shavit, Anna (advisor) ; Kubátová, Hana (referee)
This paper examines the discourse among Czech political actors on George Soros, an American billionaire and philanthropist. The work is divided into two parts, one being theoretical and the second applied. The former defines the theoretical foundations of the study, which are then used to interpret the results of the quantitative content analysis. Given the main objective of this paper - to demonstrate that the discourse relating to the figure of George Soros is in line with the interpretation of the New Populism theory - the theoretical section introduces the concept of populism and its chief problematics, and subsequently describes the main characteristics of the theory of New Populism by the British political scientist, Paul Taggart. A theoretical dataset was constructed on the basis of this interpretation of populism, which is then used as a research framework for the practical analysis. The second part of this paper opens with a description of the research methodology. This includes an explanation of the process used to select research subjects, to compile the dataset (data collection methodology and definition of the time period), and to formulate the function and its variables. The next segment of the second part of this paper deals with George Soros himself, or more precisely, the wider...
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The Rise of Populism in Germany and Austria. A Comparison of Political Programmes of AfD and FPÖ.
Ježková, Simona ; Mejstřík, Martin (advisor) ; Konrád, Ota (referee)
This thesis deals with the phenomena of Austrian and German populism that is represented by two political parties - Freedom Party of Austria (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs, FPÖ) and Alternative for Germany (Alternative für Deutschland, AfD). The work focuses mainly on political manifestos that were published in the run up to the elections to German Bundestag and Austrian National Council that were held in July and September 2017. For the both of the parties the elections in 2017 meant a significant success and a rise of votes. While Freedom Party of Austria is an established part of National Council, Alternative for Germany managed for the time the 5 % electoral threshold which is required to become entitled in the Bundestag after being established in 2013. The main aim of this thesis is to analyse their manifestos and decide whether the anti-establishment positions, xenophobic and racist narratives and the emphasis on traditional values are included. Firstly, the theoretical part explains the term of populism, its characteristics and define the examined thematic fields. Subsequently, the analyse focuses on the content of the programmes and their comparison. The result of the research shows that both parties can be definitely described as populistic and that all searched fields are included....
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The effects of economic crisis in rise and political success of right-wing populist parties in southern countries of EU
Brisku, Inxhi ; Mejstřík, Martin (advisor) ; Arregui Moreno, Francisco Javier (referee)
This thesis tests one of the approaches that analyzes the rise of right-wing populist parties, "the economic crisis" approach. The core idea of this theory is that during an economic crisis, there is a rise of electoral support for the right-wing populist parties. The two case studies which are studied are the (Northern) League in Italy and the National Front/Rally in France. These analyses include a brief history of the said parties, their political profile, and the results in elections after the 2008-2009 financial crisis. As well as data on the profile of supporters of these parties and the reasons why they support these parties, and their views on some of the main political and social issues. From the data confrontation it is shown that there is no correlation between times of economic hardship, and the electoral success of these parties. And what is more important supporters of these parties also emphasize reasons related with identity rather than economic problems for supporting these parties. For economic issues they have a similar perception to the rest of the population. Keywords Populism, right-wing populism, populist parties, economic crisis, elections, identity.
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Change in Civil Society? Connecting Globalisation and Sociocultural Cleavage with the Rise of Populism
Coufalová, Linda ; Císař, Ondřej (advisor) ; Remr, Jiří (referee)
This thesis employs the globalization and integration-demarcation cleavage theory formulated by Huttar [2014] and Kriesi [2012], conception of populism formulated by Mudde [2017] and draws on Gramscian conception of civil society and hegemony. Aim of this thesis is to build a model of causal influence of globalization on cleavage and on populism, as was suggested by Hutter [2014]. After building this model, the aim is to explore how this theoretical relationship hold's over the 30 years since 90's, when the connection between globalization and new sociocultural cleavage had been theoretically suggested. For this model I am using KOF Globalization Index, European Values Survey datasets and Authoritarian Populism Index constructed and published by Timbro in years 1990, 1999, 2008 and 2017. This model is built on a dataset containing 38 countries on European continent or being a candidate country for EU. I am elaborating Hutter's theoretical suggestion and framing it in Gramscian conception of civil society. This allows me to suggest that populists are using organic crisis in a society to attract people who feel disjointed from current hegemonical elite and to create counterhegemony. The theory is, that globalization increases the tension between winners and losers of globalization sides of cleavage...
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The development of the discourse of right-wing populism in the Czech Republic
Němcová, Lucie ; Císař, Ondřej (advisor) ; Čada, Karel (referee)
The thesis examines the development of right-wing populist discourse in the Czech Republic and aims to define the forms and possible changes in populist discourse with a special emphasis on argumentation, then to interpret the changes in a broader social and political context. The research focuses on three organizational incarnations of right-wing populism: Public Affairs, Dawn of Direct Democracy - Tomio Okamura and Freedom and Direct Democracy - Tomio Okamura. The research method is a discursive-historical approach, which draws on the analysis of topoi. An analysis of the programs of the two movements and the party showed that the right-wing populist discourse has shifted from the original themes that the Public Affairs party has raised. These are included in the other two movements, but each adds something extra. From the initial anti-elite attitudes, social chauvinism and emphasis on direct democracy in the case of Public Affairs to nationalism and the promotion of national pride in the case of the Dawn, to the harsh euroscepticism, Islamophobia and anti-immigration appeals in the case of the SPD. The topoi used in the VV program is primarily topos of abuse, but the Dawn, with its specific appeal to national awareness, also introduces topos of people or topos of advantage, and the SPD clearly...
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Islamophobia in Slovakia: fear of the unknown
Oravcová, Bianca ; Handl, Vladimír (advisor) ; Klípa, Ondřej (referee) ; White, Anne (referee)
The minimual amount of Muslims currently present in Slovakia are experiencing hatred towards them and Islamophobia is on the rise. Research has shown that Islamophobia is produced by prejudice and fear of the uknown. This study aims to examine factors which contribute to the negative perception of refugees in Slovakia and what contributes to the rise in Islamophobia. It builds to extend the work of other scholars which have previously looked into this issue, by testing the theory and combining numerous factors together. This study therefore asks: Do economic factors and the influence of news outlets and political parties lead to negative perceptions of Muslims and therefore support Islamophobia in Slovakia? Based on this question, primary and secondary qualitivave research was conducted to test to which extent media, politics and economic situation affect perception of refugees. Analysis of responces indicated that the biggest factors contributing to Islamophobia was prejudice conducted and spread by news oultets and politians, with economic economy playing a big role in people perceived safety of their welfare first. Further research is required to identify cultural and historical reasons behind prejudice and Islamophobia in this region. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Comparison of ANO 2011 and Fidesz in terms of program and organizational structure
Winklerová, Barbora ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Perottino, Michel (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on comparison of ANO 2011 and Fidesz based on their origin, development, organizational structure, program and ideology, and role of the party leader. Beside the introduction of various organizational party types and concept of "genetical code" by Angelo Panebianco, the parties are examined also by concept of populism defined on the basis of the book by Cas Mudde and C.R. Kaltwasser. Based on two case studies of ANO 2011 and Fidesz the goal of this paper was to find out similar and different features and explore their impact on democratic system. As long as these two parties have different organizational structure, one of the important features is dominant role of their founder not only in the foundation of the party but also in the following development towards centralized organization and personalization. The other common feature is populism which appears to be an important variable affecting the party's influence on the democratic system. However, the character of populism is different in these cases. Particular political system and electoral system also play important role in the potential decline of democracy.
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