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Current state of development of the longitudinal arch of the foot in Czech preschool children
Novák, Jakub ; Sedlak, Petr (advisor) ; Zemková, Daniela (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the current state of development of the longitudinal arch of the foot in Czech preschool children. The preschool age is characterized by the most intensive development of the longitudinal arch, and at the end of this period, its condition becomes fixed. The natural development of the longitudinal foot arch is influenced by a number of internal and external factors, including genetic predispositions such as age, gender, or body weight, as well as environmental and lifestyle factors such as footwear habits or level of physical activity. The trend of insufficient physical activity observed in the current population could negatively affect the development of the arch due to insufficient stimulation of its structures, thus having a lasting impact on the individual's quality of life. The results showed that children in our sample exhibited a higher prevalence of unformed foot arch compared to data from previous studies. Significant intersexual differences were observed in the dynamics of arch development. While there is a sharp increase in the proportion of formed arch among girls between 4 and 5 years old, this increase is gradual among boys. Furthermore, a significant relationship was demonstrated between the degree of arch formation and the first body...
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Use of myofunctional therapy in the speech therapy in preschool children
Kadlecová, Viktorie ; Horynová, Jana (advisor) ; Korandová, Zuzana (referee)
The topic of this bachelor thesis is the use of myofunctional therapy in speech therapy intervention in preschool children. The bachelor thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part of the thesis consists of three main chapters. The first chapter deals with the ontogenetic development of speech, language, and communication. The chapter introduces both the pre-speech stages of speech development and the stages of speech development, the linguistic planes are discussed in detail in terms of speech ontogeny. In the second chapter, we define impaired communicative competence and present its classification in terms of symptomatology and etiology. The chapter includes the most common types of disorders of speech development in children for whom we encounter the use of elements of myofunctional therapy. Special attention is paid to myofunctional disorders. The third chapter introduces diagnosis and techniques and the use of myofunctional therapy in speech therapy intervention. The practical part of the thesis is a qualitative research investigation. The main aim of the thesis was to identify and describe the possibilities of using myofunctional therapy in preschool children with communication disorders. Based on the main objective, sub- objectives and research questions...
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Gross motor skills in children with hearing impairment in preschool age
Vrtišková, Eliška ; Komorná, Marie (advisor) ; Kotvová, Miroslava (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the topic of gross motor skills in children with hearing impairment in preschool age. In order to understand the relationship between hearing impairment and gross motor skills, the first chapter describes the anatomy of the auditory organ. Hearing impairment, its division and compensation options are then defined. The second chapter characterizes motor skills and individual psychomotor development milestones with an emphasis on preschool age. The last chapter summarizes the findings of some foreign research dealing with this topic. The practical part provides data on the state of gross motor skills in children with hearing impairment. For this purpose, ten hearing-impaired probands underwent two different test batteries. The results of the first were compared with the expected age of task acquisition, and the results of the second were compared with the score of two control groups taken from two diploma theses. The obtained data showed a lower level of motor skills in children with hearing impairment compared to intact children. The findings are described in more detail in the discussion together with the answers to the research questions. KEYWORDS Gross motor skills, hearing impairment, balance, preschool age
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Development of social behavior in preschool children using literary works
Kubátová, Tereza ; Laufková, Veronika (advisor) ; Kadrnožková, Monika (referee)
This thesis presents options how to acquaint preschool-aged children with etiquette by the work with a book. The theoretical part of this thesis defines the basic terms which are related to etiquette and are crucial to the topic of thesis. It deals with socialization, social and moral development of preschool-aged children. This part gains an insight into etiquette. It sums up the findings about children's literature and takes a deeper view on stories with educational content. There is also a closer view on information how to work with a book in nursery school by the methods of Reading and Writing for Critical Thinking and Three Phase Model of Learning. There were determined five partial goals in the practical part. First of all it was being found out if and in what way the nursery teachers work with children with a topic of the formal rules of correct or polite behaviour in society. To achieve this goal was made the questionnaire for nursery teachers. On the basis of the outcome of this questionnaire were evaluated five most common difficulties of children's etiquette in the nursery (relationships, observing the rules, table manners, manipulation with things and relationship with authorities). Subsequently there were created educational lessons connected with these five trouble areas, which the...
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Methods used by pedagogues in the kindergarten for facilitating children's adaptation process.
Ježková, Jitka ; Hanyš Holemá, Irena (advisor) ; Koťátková, Soňa (referee)
The paper examines the topic of the adaptation process of children starting at kindergarten. It generally focuses on methods and procedures used in adaptation processes that aim to facilitate children's adaptation. Theoretical findings relate to the adaptation process of preschool children. Qualitative research is then carried out. The theoretical part describes the developmental specifics of the preschool period. These are essential for understanding the behavior, experiences, and needs of preschool children. The role of the kindergarten institution and its influence on the child is mentioned, as well as the principle of adaptation itself. Adaptation is a significant change and stress, and for its successful progression (and the child's further life), the correct setting of the individual adaptation process is crucial. In this perspective, a large part is devoted not only to the role and experiences of a child but also to the influence of parents or lecturers in kindergarten. Qualitative research in the form of semi-structured interviews with respondents (kindergarten lecturers) has been carried out in this paper. The main goal of the research is primarily to reveal the methods and procedures that kindergarten lecturers use to improve the course of the children's adaptation process. The emphasis...
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Comparison of public and private education in kindergartens
Šebová, Zora ; Švamberk Šauerová, Markéta (advisor) ; Špačková, Klára (referee)
Title of the Bachelor's Thesis: Comparison of public and private education in kindergartens Abstract: The main goal of the work is to compare education in public and private kindergartens - by comparing school maturity and readiness of preschool children attending both public and private kindergartens. The theoretical framework of the work is based on the characteristics of children of preschool age, the legislative definition of kindergartens and the description of individual educational programs of different types of kindergartens. The practical part of the work evaluates and summarizes results of research conducted through a questionnaire survey among parents of preschoolers in the capital city of Prague and provides answers to set research questions. Key words: Kindergarten, public kindergarten, private kindergarten, child, preschool age, school readiness, educational program, parents
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Specifics of motor development of children with visual impairment of preschool age
BOLVÁRI, Eliška
The bachelor thesis deals with specifics of motor skills development of preschool children with visual impairment. The theoretical part describes the issues of visual impairment with a focus on the diagnoses that can occur in the children research group. Further discusses the options, how the children with a visual disability can be educated in preschool age. Subsequently, attention is focused on the specifics of development, first on cognitive domain, then on the motor domain. At the end of theoretical part is described the diagnostics of motor skills, especially MABC-2 tests, which is further used in practical part. Main goal of practical part of bachelor thesis was to create, provide and evaluate the effectivity of short intervetion programme for children with visual impairment, that also have weakened motor skills. Programme was compiled individualy, based on case study and input data from MABC-2 test for each children. Evaluation effectiveness of intervention programme was at the end verified by output results from same MABC-2 tests. Although the intervetion programme was assembled and based on individual needs, it´s possible to use it or to be inspired by it for further work with visualy impaired children. On the basis of results, when we´re designing a programme, it´s advisable to set a smaller number of development objectives and to profile more the programme to one part of motor development. At the same time it is important to focus on motivation of children and eventually adapt the programme to the child´s interests. These steps can play a big role in the effectiveness of programme.
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Development of musicial abilities of children of preschool age through chosen musical instruments
ŠTEFÁNIKOVÁ, Kristina
This bachelor thesis deals with the development of musical skills in preliminary education with the support of specified musical instruments. This thesis contains four extended parts. The first part covers a formal characteristic of preschool age from a psychical, mental, emotional and social aspect. The influence of games on this development period is also covered here. The next chapter hosts the structure of musical skills. They can be comprised into eight separate categories: musical auditory skills, rhythmic sense, tonal sense, harmonic sense, musical memory, musical imagination, musical thinking as well as musical creative abilities. The third part of this thesis covers the musical evolvement of preschool children. The closing part deals with the process of designing and making simple musical instruments from available materials. It also presents suggestions for activities featuring musical instruments to further improve musical skills.
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