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Systematic and ecological concept of biology teaching
Matoušová, Pavlína ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (advisor) ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the comparison of two selected concepts of science teaching at primary school. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes the classification of science as an educational field, explains the possible concepts of its teaching and compares the advantages and disadvantages of two selected variants with reference to the fulfilment of educational goals and respect for didactic principles of science teaching. The available materials suitable for teaching, the degree of their use and the comparison of teaching methods depending on the success in scientific testing are also outlined. The practical part of the work brings a comparison of the results of a questionnaire survey between individual groups of ecologically and science-taught pupils. Individual tasks and questions were created on the basis of established hypotheses. The results of the research bring a comparison of the knowledge and skills area, but also the area of students' attitude towards the subject. The established hypothesis was confirmed partially, the attitude section brings in results to the research questions. Students taught ecologically were indeed more successful in the task that led to the connection of knowledge and derivation from the relationships between organisms, but the differetence were not...
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Chemistry experiments' potential to develop vocational students' scientific literacy: An analysis of selected materials
Horníková, Marcela ; Rusek, Martin (advisor) ; Vojíř, Karel (referee)
This thesis is focused on analysing chemical experiments and their potential to help increase science literacy among vocational school students. Currently, greater emphasis is placed on the development of scientific and critical thinking at higher cognitive levels and science literacy. These skills and abilities can be achieved through tuition based on experimental scientific activities. For this reason, the main goal of this thesis was to review the quantity and method of processing of individual experiments in terms of quality and compliance with the given requirements. Experiments in the field of organic chemistry were taken from available vocational school literature and were analysed and evaluated. These sources were the following textbooks: Chemie pro střední školy, Chemie pro studijní obory SOŠ a SOU nechemického zaměření and the web page Studium chemie and the video database of chemistry experiments. Each experiment was evaluated whether it met the analysed criteria of transparency, connection with practical life, problem solving and material, technical, time and economic simplicity. Furthermore, the experiments were evaluated in terms of usability during various stages of tuition with regard to the development of students through different levels of inquiry. The last and main evaluation...
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Elaboration of Learning Problem-Tasks from the Field of Chemistry
Vojíř, Karel
This thesis deals with the elaboration of learning problem-tasks related to the Standards for elementary education in the field of Chemistry. The author of this thesis worked on this topic within a project under National Institute for Education. The starting point for creating the tasks, illustrating and concretely expounding the Standards is the concept of science literacy. In this principle in chemistry instruction a broader context and a transfer to everyday life are applied. Learning tasks were created on the base of: science literacy and the results of Czech pupils in its testing, context of standards in Czech curricular system, elements of problem-based learning, types of learning tasks and cognitive parameters. During the elaboration of the tasks a pilot testing of selected learning tasks was realized. The results of the pilot testing were used in further designing more problem-tasks to cover one expected outcome in every topic of Chemistry within the elementary school curriculum. According to the methodology described in this thesis, a material named Methodical comments and tasks to the standards for primary education - Chemistry was created. This material contains a coherent set of learning problem-tasks illustrating two- thirds of the indicators from the standards for elementary education...
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The position of the chemical experiment at the time of ICT - aluminum and its compounds
Sloup, Radovan
The main goal of the thesis is to describe a position of the real experiment in chemistry at the beginning of the 21st century and to contribute to solution of speculations if this didactic tool is or is not at current schools such a rarity as it's often described. The starting point of the thesis is extensive research of the literature related to history of natural science literacy which is condition not only for the right experiment interpretation but also of its suitable usage in the lessons. The theoretical part observes also the ensuring of the chemical experiment in the curricular documents and its position in the chemistry teaching in recent past. The experiment is a dynamic visualia therefore the visualias are classified in particular part of the thesis and their occurrence and function are described - in today's information society, chemistry textbooks, as a part of hypermedia programs for chemistry teaching and in lessons in general. The thesis focuses partly on hypermedia programs, especially then on materials for chemistry teaching that proved to be helpful in e-learning. Through the questionnaire inquiry at primary and secondary schools in Czech Republic were discovered not merely material also personal options of the schools and chemistry teachers in relation to the experiment...
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Multicomponent learning tasks in chemistry
Trčková, Kateřina
The main goal of this dissertation was to create and verify own multicomponent tasks of interdisciplinary character based on analysis of types of tasks occured in international research. Newly created multicomponent learning tasks were classified by task type, solution form, cognitive demands and task variety. Tasks of the same form were ordered to pairs, their difficultness, vulnerability and rate of success were verified. Multicomponent learning tasks were assigned verbally or nonverbally (charts, tables or pictures). Closed jobs (ordering items, matching items, multiple choice questions, true/false questions) and open jobs (wide-answer items, short-answer items) were used in complex of tasks. Rate of success of individual tasks was processed by non-parmetric statistical Wilcoxon test based on form, gender and type of study. Research survey was complemented by pupils' self- reflection questionnaires and teachers'questionnaires about testing process. Key words Multicomponent learning task, taxonomy of learning task, scientific literacy, reading literacy, self-reflective questionnaire.
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Possibilities of the Use of School Experiments for Scientific Literacy and Pre-Literacy at Pre-Primary and Primary Education
Vanišová, Barbora ; Rusek, Martin (advisor) ; Bílek, Martin (referee)
The main topic of this thesis focuses on finding out how teachers in primary and pre- primary education, according to their opinion, approach to incorporating science experiments into teaching, what are the conditions for experiments in teaching and how students react to the experiments. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on analysis of information related to science experiments and their incorporating into curriculum. The practical part of the thesis includes data collection methods by interviewing teachers and by surveying opinion of students on the experiments, and their evaluation. KEYWORDS: Scientific Literacy, scientific Pre-Literacy, School Experiment
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Elaboration of Learning Problem-Tasks from the Field of Chemistry
Vojíř, Karel
This thesis deals with the elaboration of learning problem-tasks related to the Standards for elementary education in the field of Chemistry. The author of this thesis worked on this topic within a project under National Institute for Education. The starting point for creating the tasks, illustrating and concretely expounding the Standards is the concept of science literacy. In this principle in chemistry instruction a broader context and a transfer to everyday life are applied. Learning tasks were created on the base of: science literacy and the results of Czech pupils in its testing, context of standards in Czech curricular system, elements of problem-based learning, types of learning tasks and cognitive parameters. During the elaboration of the tasks a pilot testing of selected learning tasks was realized. The results of the pilot testing were used in further designing more problem-tasks to cover one expected outcome in every topic of Chemistry within the elementary school curriculum. According to the methodology described in this thesis, a material named Methodical comments and tasks to the standards for primary education - Chemistry was created. This material contains a coherent set of learning problem-tasks illustrating two- thirds of the indicators from the standards for elementary education...
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Out-of-Classroom Chemistry Essentials Education as a Mean of Scientific Literacy Development
Čábelová, Simona ; Rusek, Martin (advisor) ; Bílek, Martin (referee)
This thesis deals with the aspect of outdoor education of chemistry in the context of the natural science literacy concept. This concept is approximated here in association with the curricula documents for secondary education level and the Contextual model of learning. Based on the description of individual contexts of the aforementioned model, an alternative variant of an excursion to the Prague Waterworks Museum in Podolí is proposed. The practical part focuses on the comparison of the efficiency of the "classic" conception of a museum excursion and the alternative approach mentioned previously. The whole concept adheres to the pedagogical experimental scheme. The comparison is achieved through three testings in two groups. The first, control group, had a standard excursion led by a museum guide. The second, experimental group, had an excursion led in the proposed alternative approach. Based on the first tests - the pretests, the starting knowledge of the pupils is analyzed. The second testing is executed as posttests right after finishing each excursion. The third testing is a retention test one month after the excursion. Test results were analyzed using statistical methods. The results of the analysis point to the considerable importance of the way the excursion is led and to the great benefit of...
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Scientific literacy and its development by using learning tasks in Chemistry for ISCED 2 level
Distler, Petr ; Teplý, Pavel (advisor) ; Klečková, Marta (referee) ; Čtrnáctová, Hana (referee)
The objective of the dissertation was to assess the suitability of the scientific literacy development by using learning tasks in chemistry classes for ISCED 2. By comparing the learning tasks types in commercial workbooks and in the international assessment PISA, a significant difference in their structure was found out. Although the Czech Republic has undertaken to participate in the PISA project, Czech teachers have a different type of teaching tasks commonly available in their workbooks than the pupils afterwards solve in the PISA project. PISA's released and author's learning tasks were compiled into authentic workbooks. They were used in chemistry classes during the school year 2016/2017. Based on the pupils' results in the final assignments, all groups of grammar school pupils from experimental groups achieved better results in solving multicomponent learning tasks than the control group. However, the results of elementary schools pupils were significantly worse at final test scores than at initial ones, which was explained by the entire loss of their motivation to study. Pupils rated motivation to work with multicomponent tasks above average. They were fully aware of the importance and usefulness of solving multicomponent learning tasks, and, therefore, they solved them with proper...
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