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Kosher in lexicography. Problems of one religion term
Dvořáková, Žaneta
The Hebrew term košer (‘kosher’) came into Czech through Jewish sociolect / ethnolect. It was originally a religious term for what is ritually pure and appropriate. In addition to the adjective and adverb košer, Czech dictionaries also contain a number of other forms and derivatives, but some of them are no longer used at the moment (e.g. košerný, košerně). Our evaluation is based on an analysis of material base from the Syn2015 Corpus and from a probe into contemporary texts in Jewish magazines or on the websites of Jewish communities and organizations. In Czech dictionaries, we may see a reduction of the meaning compared to how the term is traditionally used in the Jewish community, e.g. the adjective košer is limited to meat, the verb košerovat is associated only with the ritual slaughter. The nouns mentioned in the dictionaries are also very debatable: masculine košer in the sense of ‘butcher’ and masculine košer with the meanings of ‘cut’ and ‘food appropriate for Jews to eat’, these are based on isolated documents from the works of authors apparently unfamiliar with the Jewish community. The question then is whether (and according to what criteria) such words should be included in the dictionaries.
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XML Databases for Dictionary Data Management
Samia, Michel ; Dytrych, Jaroslav (referee) ; Smrž, Pavel (advisor)
The following diploma thesis deals with dictionary data processing, especially those in XML based formats. At first, the reader is acquainted with linguistic and lexicographical terms used in this work. Then particular lexicographical data format types and specific formats are introduced. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed as well. According to previously set criteria, the LMF format has been chosen for design and implementation of Python application, which focuses especially on intelligent merging of more dictionaries into one. After passing all unit tests, this application has been used for processing LMF dictionaries, located on the faculty server of the research group for natural language processing. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of this application are discussed and ways of further usage and extension are suggested.
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Specific language in Zliv in three generations
KODLOVÁ, Lucie
The aim of this dialectical bachelor thesis was to explore the specific dialects of the population in Zliv. This thesis includes a brief description of the town, its history, monuments and siginigicant people. To gain a comprehensive understanding, the author's theoretical part intends to determine the national language and linguistical disciplines such as dialectology, including the dialectical groups - lexikology and lexicography. The practical part demonstrates the methodology of research and the analysis of examined generations (the oldest, the middle, the youngest). Additionally, it introduces the dialectical glossary that was compiled in accordance with the collected materiál from the dialectical questionnaire. The words in the dialectical glossary are created by means of codified manuals, especially with the use of Czech language atlas (Českého jazykového atlasu) and bachelor thesis that are focused on the same dialect area.
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Specialized French-Czech dictionaries and terminology databases - History and current state.
JODLOVÁ, Veronika
The main aim of this diploma thesis is the research of French-Czech bilingual specialized dictionaries and glossaries, as well as French-Czech terminological databases. The theoretical part defines and then more closely presents linguistic concepts which are thematically connected to our diploma thesis. These include lexicography, terminology, termes and terminography. The main focus is put on termionography, especially on the creation of a bilingual specialized dictionary. The practical part firstly deals with the research of French-Czech bilingual specialized dictionaries and glossaries. This research is divided into two main parts. Titles published in the 21st century are described in the first part and titles published from the end of the 19th century to the end of the 20th century are described in the second part. Lastly, this part deals with the research of French-Czech terminological databases which are accessible to common users.
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Sixteenth-century Eight-language Translation Dictionary (1586) and Subject-centred Analysis of its Lexicon
Ptáčková, Vladimíra ; Švermová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Šustová, Magdaléna (referee)
The object of this diploma thesis is an octalingual dictionary from 16th century from the collections of the Pedagogical Museum J.A. Komenského in Prague. The title page of this dictionary is missing and therefore the origin, the author and the range of users, who the dictionary was intended for, are not known. The aim of this diploma thesis was to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that the dictionary should have served tradesmen and travellers. The methods used were translation, language analysis of the phrase-book and the thematic analysis of the contents of the dictionary. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis deals with lexicography. It introduces the definition of a dictionary and various types of dictionaries with the most attention paid to translational dictionaries. Thereafter, the development of Czech lexicography from its beginning until nowadays is presented. The theoretical section also contains some facts about phrase-books. Furthermore, the time of 16th century is described with the aim to present the period when the dictionary was produced. Regarding the hypothesis mentioned above, the linguistic analysis has brought these results. The dictionary should have served not only tradesmen but a wide range of users because of the general vocabulary and because it is partly mentioned...
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Valency Dictionary of Arabic Verbs
Bielický, Viktor ; Zemánek, Petr (advisor) ; Žabokrtský, Zdeněk (referee) ; Danecki, Janusz (referee)
(EN) Valency Dictionary of Arabic Verbs PhDr. Viktor Bielický This dissertation serves as a theoretical background for creating a valency dictionary of verbs in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) which is primarily in the form of an electronic database. The Functional Generative Description is used as a theoretical framework for the description of verbal valency in Arabic. Chapter 1 introduces the verbal system of MSA with an emphasis on semantic relations within the system of verbal morpho- semantic patterns (verbal stems). Chapter 2 outlines the current research status of valency in Arabic including various research projects focused on creating electronic databases for Arabic verbs. Chapter 3 presents an overview of a valency theory developed within the Funtional Generative Description and it also provides a brief description of two broad coverage valency dictionaries for the Czech language - VALLEX and PDT-Vallex. Chapter 4, the core of the study, analyses semantics and the surface realization of different types of valency complemens in MSA, i.e. actants, quasi-valency and free (adverbial) complements. The final chapter, Chapter 5, describes the methodology and the structure of the valency dictionary the printed version of which is attached to the thesis. Key words: verbal valency, Modern Standard...
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Lexical elements of National Socialist language and their lexicographic treatment
Kolář, Daniel ; Vachková, Marie (advisor) ; Hejhalová, Věra (referee)
This thesis deals with lexical elements of National Socialist language and its aim is to study their lexicographic treatment. The theoretical part first of all sketches the elementary historical connection among language, lexicography and the political regime and it explains the effect of the politics on language through three historical examples, among which the language of the Third Reich is the most important one. As far as the language of the Third Reich is concerned, the attitudes of the NSDAP to language and language maintenance are further explained. The theoretical part is concluded by characterization and overview of the most important lexicographic projects which were implemented during the National Socialism. The practical part focuses on the contemporary lexicographic treatment of certain chosen lexemes which were mostly used during the period of National Socialism. This treatment is mostly based on the comparison of their past and their contemporary meanings and their representation in the contemporary discourse. The various types of discourse are analyzed by the corpus methods developed at the Institute of German Language in Mannheim.
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