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Introduction to Nonparametric Methods
Prelecová, Natália ; Kulich, Michal (advisor) ; Navrátil, Radim (referee)
Title: Introduction to Nonparametric Methods Author: Natália Prelecová Department: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Michal Kulich,Ph.D., Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to introduce basic nonparametric methods. Nonparametric methods embrace a large class of statistical procedures which do not assume specific data distribution such as normal distribution. They often re- present the only available means of examining specific types of data, for example ranks or counts. Weaker assumptions of these methods make them less powerful than their parametric counterparts. This thesis describes in detail four nonparametric tests- the Ordinary Sign Test, the Wilcoxon Signed-rank Test, the Mann-Whitney Test and finally the Two- sample Wilcoxon Test. The structure of their description will entail the following: the formulation of assumptions, null hypothesis and alternatives, the construction of the test statistic and the definition of rejection regions. The most essential prob- lems, such as the problem of ties, will be also covered. The basic characteristics of the Linear Rank Statistics will be also explained, followed by the Two-sample Wilcoxon test. Keywords: nonparametrical, hypothesis, ranks, consistency, statistic
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Statistical analyzes of fires in the natural environment during the period 2008 - 2017 in the South Bohemian Region
ŠVEHLA, Oto
The aim of the work was to perform a statistical analisys of fires in the declared II. the degree of fire alarm (based on selected parameters "damage", "protected value", "direct cost") and in carrying out a systematic analisys of the economic aspects of fire exits in declared II. fire alarm level. The first objective (statistical analisys) was fulfilled by the verification of partial hypotheses H21 to H24, which were created by dividing the H2 hypothesis (the division of the H2 hypothesis into partial hypotheses was generated by defining the current state of the solved problem). The second objective (systemic analisys of economic aspects) was fulfilled by the verification of the H1 hypothesis, on the basis of the algorithm of economic aspects of exits to the outdoor fires, it was possible to quantify the direct exit costs. The hypotheses and their verification were as follows: H1: On the basis of equipment, deployment of forces and means at the exit of the unit, it will be possible to develop a table algorithm for calculating the detailed price of exit costs The assumption of the hypothesis can be illustrated by the relationship for the calculation of direct costs: Xpn =((V Sv)/100) Xphm+(Sm Mth) Xphm+(Xtc Xo)Xpm H2: The selected unit exit parameters will be regression in the selected period and correlation relationship H21 Regression and correlation results can be expected by examining the amount of damage related to individual fires in the period under review, indicating a significant role of lower and medium damage (accepting the hypothesis as evidenced by the shape of the regression line) H22 Investigating the values of values saved in relation to individual fires a regression and correlation result can be expected in the period under review, indicating a significant role of the lower and middle value saved (the hypothesis is supported by the shape of the regression line) H23 Regression and correlation results can be expected by examining the amount of direct costs in relation to individual fires in the period under review, indicating a significant role for direct costs of lower and medium costs (hypothesis assumed by the shape of the regression line) H24 Due to the choice of only three parameters of the examined outdoor fires regression and correlation results between pairs of statistical traits can be expected only at the level of very weak positive or negative correlation in the monitored period (acceptance of the hypothesis is evidenced by the shape of the regression line (the hypothesis is confirmed by defining weak positive and negative correlations, often the results were close to non-correlation) The thesis has theoretical benefits (eg operability of two-dimensional regression and correlations made without scaling and scaling) and practical (defining the formula for calculating direct costs). It was also proposed to continue with follow-up research - to use homogenized sets of fires (harvesting fire, harvested field fires, fodder fires and forest fires) for research, eg on a nationwide scale.
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The Detective Who Misled in His Own Method
Knorková, Marie ; Švantner, Martin (advisor) ; Karľa, Michal (referee)
In this thesis I analyze detective Sherlock Holmes method based on the semiotics of Ch. S. Peirce. I would like to show that although Holmes detective about his method claim that it is deductive, in-depth analysis shows that this method is far more complex and involves induction and abduction, and that each of these methods has its own importance in the detective's reasoning. The work is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the Sherlock Holmes detective in terms of logical methods. The second part is focused on methods of reasoning by Ch. S. Peirce emphasizing abduction, a hypothesis. The third part is practical and includes analysis of the process of detective Sherlock Holmes based on the thesis of Ch. S. Peirce, as outlined in the second part.`
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Beginnings of Greek mathematics - Thales, Pythagoras and Euclid
Ebelová, Gabriela ; Kvasz, Ladislav (advisor) ; Jančařík, Antonín (referee)
Title: The beginnings of Greek mathematics - Thales, Pythagoras and Euclid Author: Gabriela Ebelová Department: Department of Matematics and Mathematical Education Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Ladislav Kvasz, Ph.D. The work deals with a new look at the history of mathematics in Greece and its use in teaching mathematics today. The first part presents the three mathematicians Thales, Pythagoras and Euclid. It describes their lives and important works. The second part of the book is devoted to the analysis Arpad Szabo The Begginings of Greek Mathematics. There is presented a different view of the history of Greek mathematics. Content of the third and last part is the use of history in the teaching of mathematics. Also, comparing teaching methods in historical Greece and currently. Klíčová slova: history of mathematics, Arpád Szabó, teaching of mathematics
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Use of Botanical Garden of faculty of science Charles University in Prague in teaching biology and natural history
Nováková, Eliška ; Rajsiglová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Radka (referee)
This diploma thesis is focusing on use of Botanical garden of Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague by teachers as a destination for class field trips. Teachers use this garden with different objectives and different intensity. This diploma thesis provides a summary of this using by the processing of the survey, which took place in elementary school teachers and high school teachers. This work is testing the following hypotheses: 1. Teachers with length of practice above twenty years use the field trip less than teachers with length of practice under twenty years. 2. Men use guided tours more than women. 3. High school teachers use geopark for tour more than elementary school teachers. 4. Teachers with length of practice above twenty years visit gardens other than Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague and the Botanical Garden in Prague Troja less than teachers with length of practice under twenty years. The thesis summarizes basic information about the field trip as an organizational form. The thesis also deals with the Botanical Garden of faculty of science Charles University in Prague, its collections, history, and possibilities of using in schools.
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Some trends in the development of applied research in social work
Zrzavý, Jakub ; Krpálek, Pavel (advisor) ; Zelinková, Olga (referee)
Goal of this bachelor thesis is to give an instruction about ways and possibilities to reach a subsidy. In the first part is subscribe clearly theoretically few pages about applied research, including dividing and describing the most often use research methods. In the second part bachelor thesis point on describing organization which gives a subsidy and describing subjects which can receive a subsidy. In the third part is the description of few projects, which were successfully finished.
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Introduction to Nonparametric Methods
Prelecová, Natália ; Kulich, Michal (advisor) ; Navrátil, Radim (referee)
Title: Introduction to Nonparametric Methods Author: Natália Prelecová Department: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Michal Kulich,Ph.D., Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to introduce basic nonparametric methods. Nonparametric methods embrace a large class of statistical procedures which do not assume specific data distribution such as normal distribution. They often re- present the only available means of examining specific types of data, for example ranks or counts. Weaker assumptions of these methods make them less powerful than their parametric counterparts. This thesis describes in detail four nonparametric tests- the Ordinary Sign Test, the Wilcoxon Signed-rank Test, the Mann-Whitney Test and finally the Two- sample Wilcoxon Test. The structure of their description will entail the following: the formulation of assumptions, null hypothesis and alternatives, the construction of the test statistic and the definition of rejection regions. The most essential prob- lems, such as the problem of ties, will be also covered. The basic characteristics of the Linear Rank Statistics will be also explained, followed by the Two-sample Wilcoxon test. Keywords: nonparametrical, hypothesis, ranks, consistency, statistic
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