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Socrates
TESÁRKOVÁ, Monika
This thesis deals with Socrates' work from available sources. The aim of the thesis is to describe the main sources from which information about Socrates can be drawn. The main part is devoted to Plato's early dialogues and their analysis. Furthermore, the work is devoted to the work of Xenophon, Aristophanes and Aristotle.
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Theological interpretation of Vítězslav Nezval's poetic composition "Z domoviny (From the Homeland)"
KUKAL, Petr
The thesis deals with the analysis of theological motifs in a specific poetic text - a poetic composition of an eminent 20th-century Czech poet, Vítězslav Nezval. The theoretical part deals with the context of the composition's origin. The context lies in the poet's religious identity at the end of the fifth decade of his life on the one hand, and in the political situation in Czechoslovakia and its consequences for the arts on the other. The practical part consists of a detailed analysis of the text of the composition, the identification of its religious motifs, and their theological interpretation in the spirit of the principles of poetical theology. For the purposes of the thesis, the poetic composition was divided into thematically more or less homogeneous sections. They were then analysed individually, and the lines of motifs formed of some of these blocks were identified. The outputs of the interpretation process suggest that although Nezval's eschatological idea of the culmination of history in a classless society was felt as immanent to humankind, it was doubtlessly founded on religious grounds.
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Polarities in the Works of Oscar Wilde
Burianová, Petra ; Wallace, Clare (advisor) ; Beran, Zdeněk (referee)
Reading through the works of Oscar Wilde, one soon notices the many instances of polarity: the recurring themes of the body versus soul, good versus evil, city versus nature, artificial versus natural and many more. It is to be found in his plays as well as in his prose and fairy- tales. Yet these polarities do not necessarily have to oppose each other: the Wildean dialectic allows contraries to coexist, and thus we have the Star-Child who, through repentance, turns from evil to good; however this turn of character does not ensure a happy-ending, and makes us question whether "good really is good". A great number of Wilde's characters either live a double-life, have two distinct sides to their personality, or even several personalities, and in the case of Dorian Gray the split is literal. What led the author to constantly toy with this motif is a question worth examining. In Wilde's case, the artist's life cannot be entirely separated from his works since so much of what he was and what formed him is reflected in the texts he wrote. His statement that "what people call insincerity is simply a method by which we can multiply our personalities" (Ransome, 162) shows that for Wilde, truth was not the opposite of "lie", but there may have been several different versions of truth. His aesthetic views,...
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Situation of the Surrealist Subject
Svěrák, Šimon ; Zuska, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Dadejík, Ondřej (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filosofická fakulta katedra estetiky Diploma thesis Šimon Svěrák Situation of the Surrealist Subject (abstract) 2012 thesis supervisor: prof. PhDr. Vlastimil Zuska, CSc. Abstract This thesis focuses on the situation of a substantial subject in the historical development of the surrealist experience and confronts it with our original postmodern interpretation of thoughts of early Marx. The surrealist consciousness is based on a dialectical opposition between rational and irrational elements of cognitive processes. André Breton apprehends this dialectics under the perspective of love life and relates it to values of love, freedom and poetry. Nevertheless, this conception changes in the immanent development of the surrealist consciousness from Breton over the work and thoughts Salvador Dalí and Mikuláš Medek to Vratislav Effenberger. Effenberger removes positive values from surrealism and puts emphasis on the critical functions of the irrational. On the psychological field, all these ideas are based on the conception of the unconscious which means there is the substantial approach in them. Our critical interpretation of Marx shows, that the surrealist concept of subject is in the contradiction with its substantial determination. The subject has to be perceived as the essential...
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Introduction to the conceptual basis of Vratislav Effenberger's thought (Dialectics of the genesis of the concept of idea models)
Svěrák, Šimon ; Hauser, Michael (advisor) ; Novák, Aleš (referee) ; Borecký, Felix (referee)
Dissertation Abstract Introduction to the conceptual basis of Vratislav Effenberger's thought (Dialectics of the genesis of the concept of idea models) Mgr. Šimon Svěrák The thesis introduces a reader to the basic aspects of the theoretical system of Vratislav Effenberger, the main theoretician of post-war Czech surrealism. It does so through the construction of a developmental dialectic of the main concepts of Effenberger's work of the 1960s, which culminates in the concept of so-called idea models. In this period, Effenberger primarily addresses the question of the nature of the existential forms of the concept of total meaning in the post-war social and psychological situation. He formulates his reflections as a critical reassessment of the theoretical legacy of Karl Teige and a question of the possibility of further continuity of the Surrealist worldview. The thesis demonstrates that Effenberger first rejects the notion of ultimate meaning, through which psychosocial reality can be grasped as a meaningful whole, and replaces it with a notion of conflict. However, the internal logic of his theoretical system gradually leads him to the conclusion that human consciousness cannot exist without the idea of ultimate meaning and that such meaning exists only in the form of the idea model. The idea model is...
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"Hegelian movement" in Czechoslovakian philosophy in the nineteen-sixties. Probe into the Czechoslovakian marxist philosophy on the motif of work.
Hanovská, Lenka ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (advisor) ; Chavalka, Jakub (referee) ; Marek, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with the Czechoslovakian philosophy in the nineteen-sixties. It focuses not only to its historical description but intends to enter its philosophical thinking from inside and analyse its principal categories. Especially it focuses on the category of work and examines its various formulations, developed in different theoretical perspectives of Czechoslovakian philosophers. This allows distinguish these perspectives in their similarities on one hand and differences on the other. The thesis notably focuses on so called "Hegelian movement" and its evaluation of category of work. This movement, which is in fact the Czechoslovakian variation to the philosophy of praxis, formulates the category of work in its philosophical meaning, i. e. as an ontological category decisive for an origin of the reality and human being. It was originally Hegel, who developed this meaning of category, and Czechoslovakian Hegelian movement continued in developing his ontology adopted through Marx. The Czech philosophers enriched it with aspects of socialistic humanism. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part explains historical conditions of philosophical scientific performance in Czechoslovakia. The second interprets the texts of Czechoslovakian Hegelian philosophers and their expositions of category...
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Socratic Dialogue and Thinking
Černínová, Andrea ; Rybák, David (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Socratic Dialogue and Thinking" provides an insight into the life and philosophy of the ancient philosopher Socrates and brings a closer look at his concept of dialogue through which the truth is revealed. It also deals with the usage of the method of dialogue in teaching. The whole thesis was written with an effort to emphasize the importance of Socrates' philosophy in contrast with today's preference of an assertive way of communication, which often results in eristic dialectic. The aim of this bachelor thesis mainly is to describe Socrates' unique method of dialogue and to inspire a potential young reader, a high school student or his teacher. In the first instance, the thesis pursues Socrates' life and then deals with the term dialogue and with various conceptions of dialogue. Next section is about its Socratic conception. The conclusion of the thesis explains the pedagogical contribution of the Socratic method of dialogue to tuition. KEYWORDS Socrates, Plato, dialogue, dialectics, thinking, teaching
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A Dialectic of Tameness and Wildness in Hermann Hesse's novels
Berný, Tomáš ; Kupcová, Helena (advisor) ; Sládek, Miloš (referee)
Annotation: The main topic of this thesis is an analysis of tameness and wildness phenomena in particular Hermann Hesse's novels. Thesis will aim to expressions and interpenetrations of those phenomena and their position in period mind frame.Aim will be chronological analysis of those phenomena, their evolution and change in particular novels and an attempt of their synthesis. Key words: Hesse, Nietzsche, tammeness, wildness, Freud, Jung, Demian, Steppenwolf, Narcissus and Goldmund, The Glass Bead game, dialectic, dualism
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Antická filosofie a tradice duchovního cvičení
SCHMIDTMAYEROVÁ, Petra
This thesis will observe forms of spiritual exercises by the most important thinkers and philosophical schools of Greek and Roman antiquity, from Socrates and Socratic schools to Platonic Academy to Hellenistic schools (especially Stoicism and Epicureanism) and Neoplatonism of Plotinus. The thesis will try to demonstrate various forms of philosophical askesis and its place in the ancient art of life, respectively the whole education to perfection (paideia). Attention will be also paid to connections between ancient askesis and tradition of Christian spiritual exercises (Exercitia spiritualia).
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