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Application of Dunningova-Kruger effect in interviewing and hiring
KRIŽKOVÁ, Miroslava
The aim of this work is to use the Dunning-Kruger effect, a cognitive bias in which individuals with limited expertise tend to overestimate their abilities, as a skill assessment tool in employee selection. The theoretical section examines and explains the Dunning-Kruger effect, discusses the original study, and provides additional examples of the Dunning-Kruger effect from other studies. It also delineates the theory related to personnel issues. In the practical section, specific areas of testing are researched, and an experiment is conducted on students who are given tests to determine their ability to correctly assess their knowledge and skills in the areas of social intelligence, English language, and logical reasoning. Based on the results, the difference between their performance on the tests and their self-assessment is examined. In the discussion and conclusion, the results are interpreted and recommendations are proposed to personnel managers. The findings show that the effect is most pronounced when estimating ability of social intelligence and English. Self-assessment of logic skills proved to be the most reliable.
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Jak učit o fake news?
HAVELCOVÁ, Tereza
This diploma thesis examines the phenomenon of fake news and focuses on the pedagogical aspects of teaching about it. Initially, it presents the fundamental elements that underpin the phenomenon. The thesis explores the formation of news and its transmission to recipients, followed by an exploration of the concept of fake news. Furthermore, the thesis provides a historical overview of fake news, divides it into distinct periods, while also considering the impact of technological advancements on information dissemination. The discussion then delves into cognitive and social biases, highlighting their influence on individuals' susceptibility to fake news. The thesis subsequently introduces various literacies (information, media a digital) that can aid in combatting fake news, also presents initiatives of international agencies such as UNESCO and the European Commission, as well as the national strategy outlined in the Education Framework Programme. Additionally, the thesis examines existing methodologies that address the pedagogical aspects of teaching about fake news. Building on the theoretical part, the thesis develops teaching units that cover relevant topics related to fake news. These units encompass activities such as role-playing, critical analysis of texts, exploration of cognitive biases and the historical context of fake news. Most of these teaching units have undergone practical testing to ensure their effectiveness.
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Psychological Aspects affecting Judges ' Desicion making with a Focus on Civil Procedure
Olšovská, Sarah ; Kosek, Jan (advisor) ; Friedel, Tomáš (referee)
Psychological Aspects Affecting Judges' Decision Making with a Focus on Civil Procedure The diploma thesis examines the impact of cognitive biases as psychological aspects influencing judicial decision-making and their implications for justice in the legal system. The thesis delves into the intersection of psychology and law, with the central idea being the hypothesis that a judge cannot be just or impartial if his or her decision-making is contaminated by cognitive biases. The focus is on the dissection of the legal conditions that a candidate for judicial office must meet in order to be appointed to that office since the selection of a suitable judge is critical to the fulfilment of the right to a fair trial. The thesis highlights the demandingness of holding the judgeship itself. Then examines the legal and procedural principles that guide judicial decision- making, explaining and emphasizing the importance of understanding the role of the judge in the judicial process. The diploma thesis then dives into the field of cognitive psychology and presents a Kahneman- Frederick model (dual system) dividing the human mind into System 1 and System 2, through which the cognitive biases influencing judicial decision-making can be explained. They are often rooted in intuition, which leads to the...
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Using peak-end rule in advertising and comparing its effectiveness to different age and gender categories
Kozeleková, Kristína ; Vranka, Marek (advisor) ; Koblovský, Petr (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the application of peak-end effect in the realm of advertisement. The aim of the thesis is to explain the peak-end effect and to try to observe the rule's effect with regard to commercial advertisement. Consecutively the thesis presented 3 different commercials each presenting 3 different commercial products to the participants. Participants' enjoyment was recorded throughout the screening of the commercial with the help of a sliding bar. The results were then visualized using graphs and subsequently examined to try to determine if the peak-end effect was present or if it had any affect on the participants in any way.
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The Cultural Attraction Theory and its Empirical Evidence
Hillerová, Pavlína ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Horský, Jan (referee)
One of the approaches to study cultural evolution is the cultural attraction theory. This thesis aims to introduce this theory via literature analysis and subject it's empirical backing to a critique. The opening chapter briefly presents the theory and describes the circumstances of it's formation. Next, I outline the specific theoretical concepts (culture as a chain of representations, attractors, transformations). Mainly, the latter are complemented with empirical studies, both supporting and conflicting the respective theory. The last part of the thesis compares cultural attraction theory against dual inheritance theory, which has been contrasted by the aforementioned from the very beginning. Both of these perspectives have it's specifics and can provide an explanation for distinct cultural phenomena. These two theories can complement one another and together constitute an integral theory for cultural evolution study.
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Foreign language effect in framing
Križák, Jan ; Remr, Jiří (advisor) ; Dvořák, Tomáš (referee)
The main aim of the thesis was to investigate the effect of the use of a foreign language - in this case, English - on the strength of the framing effect in framing types that have not been studied in this respect before. According to the results, framing through the manipulation of emotionally charged keywords is indeed mitigated by the use of a foreign language. The main factors at play here are whether the respondent started learning the foreign language at an early age before the emotion-regulation systems were developed, and whether the respondent is accustomed to using the language routinely. Visual framing yielded the opposite results - in the absence of the keywords, only the effect of greater cognitive load remained for respondents completing the questionnaire in English, which magnified the framing bias. This effect was stronger for respondents whose English skills were weaker and who used English less. In the case of framing using the status quo, the results were inconclusive as there was a bias most likely caused by an inaccuracy in translation.
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The Cultural Attraction Theory and its Empirical Evidence
Hillerová, Pavlína ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Horský, Jan (referee)
One of the approaches to study cultural evolution is the cultural attraction theory. This thesis aims to introduce this theory via literature analysis and subject it's empirical backing to a critique. The opening chapter briefly presents the theory and describes the circumstances of it's formation. Next, I outline the specific theoretical concepts (culture as a chain of representations, attractors, transformations). Mainly, the latter are complemented with empirical studies, both supporting and conflicting the respective theory. The last part of the thesis compares cultural attraction theory against dual inheritance theory, which has been contrasted by the aforementioned from the very beginning. Both of these perspectives have it's specifics and can provide an explanation for distinct cultural phenomena. These two theories can complement one another and together constitute an integral theory for cultural evolution study.
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Influence of omission neglect phenomenon on perception of product and brand
Chovancová, Michaela ; Vranka, Marek (advisor) ; Báča, Ladislav (referee)
This bachelor thesis, titled Influence of Omission Neglect Phenomenon on Perception of Product and Brand, deals with the modern and quite unfamiliar issue of omission neglect phenomenon in the Czech Republic. Omission neglect (ON) refers to lack of sensitivity to missing or unmentioned information. The main focus of the thesis is to summarize the existing complex knowledge about the phenomenon and to confirm whether the effect of ON is present in consumer behaviour of Czech customers. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical part, I investigate the topic of consumer behaviour and decision-making in relation to the ON phenomenon. Next, I deal with the topic of heuristics and cognitive biases the ON is part of. Then, I offer a definition of the term, describe its historical background, the influence it has on the decision-making process, and factors which have the tendency to decrease the impact of omission neglect. In the last part of the theoretical section, I summarize the most important studies on the ON effect. In the practical part, I replicate a study from 2014 which deals with different intensity of the ON effect on respondents with high and low contextual cognitive level in a specific product category. The purpose of my study was to confirm the influence of...
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