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New approaches to legal reasoning as used in case-law
Peterka, Bohumil ; Kühn, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Wintr, Jan (referee)
New Approaches to Legal Reasoning as Used in Case-Law - Summary The phenomenon of legal interpretation and argumentation theory has become increasingly popular in the Czech Republic. The thesis first aims to summarize theories (or methodologies) of three Anglo-Saxon scholars, Neil MacCormick, Ronald Dworkin and William N. Eskridge. In the thesis, three respective theoretic chapters are dedicated to theories of legal interpretation as presented by each of them. After exploring philosophic backgrounds of the theories briefly, main focus was put on sets of different interpretation methods and interpretive arguments these scholars find most relevant. Subsequently, I tried to analyse the arguments and to examine role different legal arguments play in the process of interpretation as described in works of the three scholars. Each theory is eventually explicated on a convenient law case mentioned in one of its author's books. The second aim of the thesis is to apply the theories as summarised in the theoretical part on Czech law cases to find out whether the theories are successfully applicable considering differences of Czech (continental) legal system and common-law-based legal orders as well as whether such application might prove helpful to a Czech law interpret. For that reason several important Czech "hard"...
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Resemblance, Imitation, Metamorphosis
Blecha, Jakub ; Thein, Karel (advisor) ; Jinek, Jakub (referee)
The central theme of my thesis are theoretical assumptions of Plato's arguments based on the figure appearance in dialogues X. Republic and Sophist. Separated chapters are devoted to the interpretation of selected passages of dialogue. Some partial assumptions are developed in details, such as The one over many argument in dialogue X. Republic and the essence of the image from Sophist. One conclusion follows from these work: the use of figures appearance is extremely problematic, for that reason, because we can not clarify the nature of image, as its a definitional feature. Reduction of imitation and in the second case of the art of Sophists on a certain type of representation, however, does not lead to the intended goal (to know the subjects of interpretation), but pointed out some non-trivial descriptions of the philosophical framework of Plato's thought. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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TV-debate - argumentation and persuasion: Václav Moravec questioning's case study
Jelínková, Barbora ; Kraus, Jiří (advisor) ; Šoltys, Otakar (referee)
The diploma thesis presents own research method for examination of speech formations. It focuses on examination of televised political debates. The method applied here may be characterized as an organized hermeneutic analysis of political discourse. Through the application of an analytical - philosophical approach (e.g. application of the theory of maxima, illocutionary acts evaluation, and analysis of arguments and verification of their truthfulness), the method allows us to establish objective facts of the debate as well as some personal features of debate participants. To examine texts, the theoretical knowledge of distinguished authors (J. J. Austin, K. Bayer, T. A. van Dijk, N. Fairclough, H. P. Grice, J. Habermas, J. Kraus, G. N. Leeche, J. R. Searl, and others) have been made use of. In addition to the literary survey, the thesis also includes the argumentation in respect of selection of the method, selection of talk shows, transcript of debates from TV records, transformation of the text into an analysable form, and research methodology. Accordingly, a specific communication model of programme is drawn up, the talk show discourse is analysed as a whole, and the styles and argumentation of selected participants are examined and analysed, which is followed by a comprehensive assessment of the...
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Rhetoric of users selected asynchronic discussions on the Internet.
Klika, Jan ; Kraus, Jiří (advisor) ; Švelch, Jaroslav (referee)
Master thesis called "Users rhetoric of selected asynchronous discussions on the Internet" studies culture of language and rhetorical cultivation in the selected discussion pieces from the three news servers, namely Aktuálně.cz., iDnes.cz and Neviditelný pes. Under many of these virtual newspaper articles there are discussions that are meant to develop read ideas and opinions. This discussion space is accessible for practically everyone who has an access to the Internet, which is one of the characteristics and advantages of network media over traditional ones. However limitations of traditional media anticipated the use of appropriate and cultivated language. Network media have different characteristics and asynchronous discussion make other demands on language in them. Natural language is the basic communication medium, which is the primary content of most mass media. In the practical part there is an examination of users speech behavior in these discussions. The rhetorical analysis is used there, which allows a holistic view of speech including its argumentative construction. The aim is to find out what this type of online dialogues is characteristic from the point of view of rhetoric.
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Reasoning in medialisation of discuss programmes and J.Searle's Theory of Speech Acts
Vozková, Markéta ; Šoltys, Otakar (advisor) ; Kraus, Jiří (referee)
Given that public television is involved in the public and political life of our society, we believe that it should be necessary to study the debating skills of moderators and especially their role in stimulating public discussion. We explored the role of the moderator, socio-professional aspects of the profession, with emphasis on the study of verbal expression and specific speech acts, which are used in specific discourse. The aim of the study of the public television moderator's communication strategies is to focus on language skills, competences and facilities in terms of moderators defending the public interest - start from the Act on Czech Television and Czech Television Codex. We focused on specific techniques and strategies of the moderator's discourse. We investigated how the induction of the host achieves cooperation and clarity in communication, as well as how the moderator achieves a minimum of manipulative or persuasive communication. Moderators should in particular avoid any signs of manipulative or persuasive rhetoric, and they should be able to recognise this. For this they may use the entire system of the language and all types of speech acts.
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The language of SPARK magazine
Bodlák, Ondřej ; Šebesta, Karel (advisor) ; Mareš, Petr (referee)
This thesis is concerned with Discourse analysis of music magazine Spark, which refers to metal music. The main standpoint is the phraseology and the choice of metaphorical expression which are used in the magazíne. They are determined by aesthetic and cultural context, to which the magazíne relates. Specific indexicality at the linguistic level refers, in a specific way, to musical context. The theoretical basis is stylistic analysis of specifically modified publicistic operational style, of its lexical items, phraseology and imaginativeness. Emphasis is layed on tenseness between the automatization in the use of means of expression and some author's style actualization. Both tendencies are relevant to the text contextualization. The first part of the thesis, named Introduction, presents the thematic structure of the magazíne and its specific form of advertising, the second part, named Texts, is focused on stylistic analysis of texts and their interpretation in the light of cultural context. In this second part are presented the persvazive aspects of the magazíne, in consideration of Christian values. The aim of this thesis is to describe one of the contemporary Czech media, in connection with linguistics and ideology. Key words: Discourse analysis Contextualization Order of indexicality Slang...
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Personal and social dexis in political speeches by Jean-Marie Le Pen and Marine Le Pen
Vlčková, Jana ; Nádvorníková, Olga (advisor) ; Nováková, Sylva (referee)
Personal and social deixis in political speeches by Jean-Marie Le Pen and Marine Le Pen (Jana Vlčková) Abstract The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyse the political speeches of the two National Front representatives - Jean-Marie Le Pen and Marine Le Pen. The text compares the personal and social deixis means used by both speakers in comparable communication situations. The theoretical part defines the communicational situation circumstances, the argumentation and the persuasive technics in the political speeches, as well as the personal and social deixis means. The ensuing analysis of the political speech corpus is inserted in the frame of the political party programme. We accept the method of the speech analysis according to the occurrence of the particular language means. The quantitative analysis is developed by examples of the given means in particular languages contexts. On the one hand, the text offers a comparison of the means used in different communication situations. On the other hand, it shows the differences of both speakers' expressing. Thus it brings a specific perspective in the view of differences between both politicians. Key Words Political discourse analysis, personal deixis, social deixis, communication situation, argumentation, Jean-Marie Le Pen, Marine Le Pen, French
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Simulation of Negotiation and Argumentation Protocols
Říha, Michal ; Samek, Jan (referee) ; Zbořil, František (advisor)
This work deals with communication in multiagent systems. The protocols for negotiation and argumentation are shown, and model example of their usage is described. We describe hierarchical model of trust in contexts, that is used for representation of agent's believes. The argumentation protocol for those agents is designed, and is used for solving conflicts.
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The Importance of Social Communication Abilities in Relation to the Quality of Economic Education
Holečková, Lenka ; Trnka, Jan (advisor) ; Asztalos, Ondřej (referee) ; Velichová, Ľudmila (referee)
The thesis deals with social communication in economic education with special focus on actual level of students' communication abilities within selected institutions. The special attention is paid to the aspects and the competencies that are crucial to be developed. The work is divided into two parts and two related research problems. The base of the thesis lies in the application of rhetorical and social communication aspects into economic subjects in which the influence of these aspects on the quality of presentation is researched with the help of experimental method and observation. The presentation is focused on economic topic that is presented by students to their colleagues. The evaluation is focused on final quality of presentation (evaluated with the help of selected aspects). Next key part of the thesis is aimed on the development of students' ability to give the arguments in economic subject with the help of active teaching methods. The influence of active teaching methods on students' knowledge is assessed. The students are divided into two groups; the first one is taught with the help of active teaching methods, the second one via classic frontal teaching method. The knowledge of the topic is evaluated by didactic test. The fundamental meaning of active teaching methods with focus on argumentation is highlighted because of its crucial importance for future students' acting in the labour market. The importance of differences between pretest and posttest is evaluated via Paired Two Sample t-test; the importance of differences between experimental and control group via Student's t-test. The main methods used in the work are experiment, observation, scaling, survey, didactic test and statistic interpretations such a Shapiro-Wilk test, F-test, Paired Two Sample t-test, Student's t-test. On the basis of the results there will be suggested integration of rhetorical and communication aspects and of the selected active teaching methods into teaching of economic subjects. The purpose of the work is to show the importance of communication aspects integration into teaching of economic subjects and to suggest the possibilities how to develop the communication aspects.
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