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Teaching zoology in high schools, and its bearing upon formation of evolutionary thought
Kuchová-Breburdová, Hana ; Roček, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Růžková, Ivana (referee)
My thesis deals with the study of conditions that should shape the evolution of thinking of future college students. It's aim is to determine whether zoological knowledge gained by studying at secondary schools (especially with regard to their choice of a teaching method) is a sufficient basis for adopting an evolutionary way of thinking. For this thesis is questionnaire (test) for students of two selected state schools. I had tried to formulate the questinons in such a way that the students were forced to express their own opinions and knowledge, not just learned facts of the subject matters. Questions were placed in a special order. Some were "hidden" focused on the causes and principles of evolution, others slightly diverted students' attention, especially from the didactic point of view, so that students would not understand the exact intent of this questionnaire. The aim was to determine to what extent the ideas of students approximate to a generally accepted definition of evolution. The results were compared with similar studies. Keywords: evolution, definition of evolution, generally accepted evolution, analysis of textbooks, questionnaire, U Libeňského zámku grammar school, Litoměřická grammar school l, 4th grade students
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Pupils' Problems and Mistakes when Manipulating Algebraic Expressions
Bílek, Vladimír ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Žalská, Jana (referee)
The thesis focuses on mistakes and problems in manipulations with the algebraic expressions occurring to pupils at the second level of Elementary school. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and experimental part. The theoretical part contains description of manipulations with algebraic expressions, selected results of international comparative surveys, and an analysis of related foreign research. Analysis of three series of textbooks, according to which pupils involved in the experimental project are taught, is essential for understanding of possible origins of their mistakes. The classification of mistakes in manipulations with algebraic expressions is included. At the core of the work is the experimental part aiming to identify problems and mistakes of pupils when manipulating and working with algebraic expressions. The participants of the research consisted of six third-grade pupils of an eight-year Grammar school (13-14 years old) and eight ninth-grade pupils of an Elementary school (14-15 years old). Test used for my experiment came from the GA ČR project Critical parts of mathematics in primary school. The investigation was carried out individually with each pupil by the method of monitoring clinical interviews over the solution of the test tasks. The obtained data was qualitatively...
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Mathematical Skills Applied to Teaching of Geography at High School In the Topic The Earth as a Cosmic Orb
Matýsková, Pavla ; Netrdová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Marada, Miroslav (referee)
Matýsková, P. (2010): Mathematical skills applied to the teaching of geography at secondary schools in the topic the Earth as a cosmic orb. Department of Social Geography and Regional Development, Charles University in Prague. Submitted diploma thesis deals with interdisciplinary relationships between mathematics and geography at grammar schools in the topic the Earth as a cosmic orb. The relationships are generally described from the point of view of three curriculum forms (intended, implemented and achieved). In the area of the intended curriculum there is an analysis of curriculum documents carried out, especially of the Framework educational programme and of selected school educational programmes. Subsequently, the links between selected secondary school textbooks of geography and mathematics are evaluated on the basis of required curriculum, its quality, intelligibility and occurrence of examples from the practice. The subchapters of the selected unit, in which an application of mathematical skills can be found, are defined in detail and specified on the basis of the carried analysis. Deep, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the teachers at selected grammar schools for the purpose of the study of the implemented curriculum. The achieved curriculum was found out on the basis of the...
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Transfer between verbal and algebraic descriptions. Pupils' strategies and problems
Novotná, Anežka ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Roubíček, Filip (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to gain insight into the problems that pupils have when switching between verbal and algebraic expressions, through the analysis of their problem-solving processes. The work is divided into theoretical and experimental parts. The theoretical part of the paper contains three sections. The first describes the analysis of three selected Czech textbooks series for primary schools in terms of teaching the concept of variables and algebraic expressions. The next section deals with international comparative research TIMSS and the success of Czech pupils of year 8 in algebra. In the third section, results of international research concerning the issue of transition between verbal and algebraic expressions are described. The main part of the work is the experimental part, it aims to describe the difficulties encountered by pupils in algebra and to identify their likely sources. The basis for the own research was a set of 9 problems based on released TIMSS problems. The target group of pupils was year 9 of primary school, with whom the investigation was carried out via think-aloud interviews. First, a pilot study was conducted on a sample of 3 pupils, during which a set of test problems was checked. The main study involved 8 pupils. The think-aloud interviews were recorded and later...
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Current trends in teaching listening
Vognarová, Jana ; Gráf, Tomáš (advisor) ; Quinn Novotná, Veronika (referee)
The present thesis is concerned with the current trends in teaching listening as they have been presented through a number of articles in various journals and mainly in the book by John Field: Listening in the Language Classroom who urges for a process approach, and ascertaining if these new methodological recommendations are finding their way into the classroom practice nowadays through an analysis of a number of frequently used language textbooks. The approach to teaching listening has been developing as a part of many methods used for teaching foreign languages over the years and it has gone from a completely omitted skill through a position of a rather neglected one up to its today status of causing major problems to students who complain that the speakers on the recordings speak too fast or that they cannot understand every single word. It is often the case that students manage to master listening in the confines of the language classroom, learn to cope with typical textbook listening exercises and understand their teachers and classmates, but when confronted with real-life listening outside the classroom, they frequently run into a kind of glasswall and are simply not able to deal with it. The analytical part is based on the analysis of the listening exercises in the very first and newest...
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Term of evolution and its understanding by students of secondary schools and high schools.
Müllerová, Lucie ; Teodoridis, Vasilis (advisor) ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee)
The term of evolution and its understanding by students of secondary schools and high schools This Master's thesis deals with the conception of evolutionary topic in schools and textbooks. It introduces education systems and curricular documents of England, Scotland and the Czech Republic. Based on this information an analysis of biology textbooks was made, which was focused on the theme of evolution. The research included 62 textbooks distributed by 27 different publishers. Comparative SWOT analysis of these textbooks has shown that the concept of biology in general is presented differently, what is also reflected in the interpretation of the studies of evolution. The questionnaire research based on those findings was done in the Czech Republic. It is focused on secondary school and high school pupil's knowledge and their personal opinions about this topic. 586 pupils took part in this research. It was found that in the context of evolutionary processes the pupils have problems to use commonly known biological, or evolutionary terms (e.g. adaptation, evolution of the organisms). On the other hand some pupils can easily define some more complicated evolutionary topics such as Neo-Darwinism. Pupils have quite various personal opinions on the issue of the evolution. Some of them are not interested in...
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German language teaching at czech town schools and high schools between 1869 and 1918
Kasinová, Barbora ; Švermová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Nečasová, Pavla (referee)
During the 19th century German language teaching as a foreaing language was significantly changing related to the development of education and the promotion of Czech language as the main teaching language at Czech schools. German language became optional foreign language even though there was a large number of pupils interested in learning German. German was offical language until the estabilishment of an independent Czechoslovak Republic also in Czech lands. In the introduction I focus on the organizational structure of the Czech education system in the Austria-Hungary monarchy between 1869 and 1918. Secondary vocational education was mostly changing and developing at this time, real gymnasiums and various specialization vocational schools were formed. I pay attention to teachers and their education too, since without good teachers there is no chance to have high quality education. The main focus of my work is an overview of the development of teaching methods of modern foreign languages. Development of methods is described chronologically from 17th century and in more detail in 19th century, when the most methods were invented. Instead of Grammar translation method, which was the standard in the teaching of foreaign languages for a very long time, new so called reform methods started to became...
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Prenatal diagnostics of cystic fibrosis and diseases associated with trinucleotide expansions - teaching at secondary schools
Nováková, Stanislava ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee)
Cystic fibrosis and diseases associated with trinucleotide expansions are serious hereditary disease that serves in my Diploma thesis as role models suitable for teaching interesting topics of human genetics at secondary schools. By using appropriate methods of prenatal genetic treatment, it is possible to make a diagnosis of the developing fetus and to determine a corresponding prognosis in next prenatal and postnatal development in families at risk. The practical part of the thesis is devoted to the content analysis of biology schoolbooks for secondary schools and to the preparation of a prototype class of genetics at secondary schools. The aim of the content analysis of biology schoolbooks for secondary schools is the evaluation of various textbooks according to several preselected criteria. The aim of the presentation of the proposed prototype class was to determine, based on the responses obtained from the questionnaires, whether pupils of higher grades of secondary schools are interested in the subject matter of genetics, to find out what engaged their attention the most during the lessons or what they did not understand and what they considered as difficult. The lesson was conducted as a specialized seminar, the teaching method was a lecture. From the selected biology schoolbooks for...
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