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Development of an alternative synthesis of Sm-pdta, a chiral NMR shift reagent for amino acids analysis
Hrubá, Lucie ; Vaněk, Václav (advisor) ; Pohl, Radek (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the preparation of chiral shift reagents sodium [(R)- and (S)-1,2-diaminopropane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate]samarate, for short Sm-(R)-pdta and Sm-(S)-pdta. These reagents have the ability to differentiate NMR signals of enantiomers of amino acids in an aqueous environment. The main aim of this work was to develop a new, efficient and cheap method of the preparation of these reagents which would enable their routine use in laboratory practice, because these reagents are commercially available only in limited quantities and at high price. This work describes simplifield method of separation of racemic 1,2-diaminopropane to its enantiomers from easily available starting substances, L-tartaric acid and racemic 1,2-diaminopropane. We also developed and optimized a new process of synthesis of the key intermediate, (R)- and (S)-1,2-diaminopropane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid from (R)- and (S)-1,2-diaminopropane dihydrochloride, with a new synthetic step involving tetrabenzylester of this acid and its deprotection by hydrogenolysis without contamination by extraneous ions. This process affords very pure anhydrous acid in high yield. Finally, the target complexes Sm-(R)-pdta and Sm-(S)-pdta were successfully prepared from (R)- and (S)-1,2-diaminopropane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid...
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Use of chiral stationary phases based on teicoplanin and teicoplanin aglycone for enantioseparation of FMOC-derivatized amino acids.
Repko, Pavel ; Bosáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Tesařová, Eva (referee)
In this work, an enantioselective HPLC method with UV and fluorimetric detection was developed and subsequently optimized for chiral separation of four aminoacids (D/L-alanine, D/L-valine, D/L-leucine, D/L-isoleucine) in native and particularly in derivatized form with an emphasis on enantioseparation of D-analogues. Retention and enantioseparation behavior of studied analytes was investigated on three chiral stationary phases based on teicoplanin (Chirobiotic T, Chirobiotic T2) and teicoplanin aglycone (Chirobiotic TAG). At the Chirobiotic T column, enantioseparations of underivatized aminoacids were performed with UV detection at 205 nm in the mobile phases methanol/water with different volume ratios. Baseline separation of L- and D-forms was achieved, however, the sensitivity of detection was very low. In order to increase detection sensitivity, derivatization of aminoacids was performed using 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC-Cl) and the derivatization procedure was monitored on Chirobiotic T column with fluorimetric detection (λEx = 254 nm, λEm = 314 nm) in a buffered mobile phase methanol/0.5% TEAA buffer, pH 6.0 40/60 (v/v). In terms of derivatization, volume ratio D/L-aminoacid/derivatization agent 1/1 with ten times higher concentration of derivatization agent was found to be the most suitable....
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Phosphinoferrocene conjugates of selected amino acids
Tauchman, Jiří ; Štěpnička, Petr (advisor) ; Růžička, Aleš (referee) ; Dvořák, Dalimil (referee)
A series of chiral phosphinoferrocene amides was prepared by the condensation either of 1'- (diphenylphosphino)ferrocene-1-carboxylic acid (Hdpf) or its planar-chiral 1,2-isomers and amino acid methyl esters in the presence of peptide coupling agents. The resulting phosphinoamides were tested as ligands in Cu-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate additions of diethylzinc to chalcones and in Pd-mediated asymmetric allylic substitution reactions of 1,3- diphenylallyl acetate with the respective nucleophile (alkylation, amination and etherification). The catalytic tests were focused on an optimization of the reaction parameters (solvent, temperature, base, metal/ligand ratio) and on survey of various substrates. Compounds based on Hdpf proved to be better ligands in both catalytic reactions than their planar chiral analogues. In order to rationalize the influence of the ligand structure on the reaction course and also to interpret the catalytic results, several model complexes were prepared and structurally characterized. Other three series of non-chiral complexes were prepared from the corresponding (η6 - arene)ruthenium(II) precursor and Hdpf-glycine conjugates; the neutral complexes of the type [(arene)RuCl2(Hdpf-Gly(R)-κP)] (arene = benzene, p-cymene, hexamethyl-benzene; R = OMe, NH2, OH) as well as two...
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Proteins - New educational materials for education in biochemistry at secondary level
Fendrychová, Anna ; Teplá, Milada (referee) ; Martínek, Václav (advisor)
Diploma thesis is focused on creation of educational materials supporting the education of biochemistry, specifically amino acids and proteins, at secondary level. At first the analysis of Czech chemistry textbooks concerning the two topics - amino acids and proteins was performed. The major problems found were related to the insufficient graphical representation of biomolecules, unsatisfactory motivational components and insufficient integration of the topic with biology or everyday life experience. The supporting educational materials, presented in this work, supplement the widely used chemistry textbooks. The materials includes a graphic oriented presentation, interactive animations demonstrating the process of denaturation and precipitating of proteins at macroscopic and molecular level, poster presenting the structural formulas of standard amino acids, 3D models of selected proteins, additional texts supporting the current topics concerning amino acids and proteins and the laboratory protocols for students. The presented support materials were evaluated at the secondary school conditions. They were tested in one class and the improvement of student's understanding of the topic was compared to the second class employing only the classical educational methods. The comparison of the results of...
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Determination of enantiomers of amino acids by HPLC
Michalčíková, Regina ; Janečková, Lucie (referee) ; Tesařová, Eva (advisor)
This Bachelor's thesis deals with determination of amino acids enantiomers, namely alanine in the experimental part, by high performance liquid chromatography using chiral stationary phases based on teicoplanin. The theoretical part is focused on summarizing the fundamental issue of chirality and chiral amino acids in foods, the characteristics of high-performance liquid chromatography, as one of the most appropriate methods to enantioseparation amino acids, and description of the methods of derivatization, which are used in determination of enantiomers of amino acids. The experimental part deals with the separation of alanine enantiomers, with the choice of the best separation system for the separation and determination of D-and L-alanine in fruit juice.
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Soja and its use
TVRZICKÁ, Nela
The diploma thesis presents the results of studies on the awareness of women aged 18 to 30 years about soya. The theoretical part deals with the characteristics of soya, describes its varieties, cultivation and its composition. There is also described the ways we can use soy and here you will find a list of food soya products and their descriptions. In the last chapter of the theoretical part is defined, what is the effect of soya on human health. The practical part evaluates poll thematized awareness of the soybean and its use. It identifies the general knowledge about the abundance of legumes and its representation in the diet of female respondents. Alternatively, in what form . The analysis is based on quantitative research, which was conducted through an anonymous questionnaire. Most often like interviews. Obtained data are processed in graphical and tabular form.
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Elaboration and introduction of the method for determination of some proteins
Hruzík, Ondřej ; Buňka, František (referee) ; RNDr.Karel Gebauer (advisor)
Core protein of aggrecan has a significant share on the correct function of articular cartilage. Its lack or structural failure could be the reason for the disfunction of the cartilage. The culture of chondrocytes taken from a pork articular cartilage was used for the study of aggrecan production. The monolayer culture method offers the model system which has enabled us to watch the aggrecan production into growth medium. The aggrecan synthesis was stimulated in the media with addition of L-methionin, L-serin and sodium selenite pentahydrate. Methionin and serin are antecedents of sulphur amino acid of cysteine, whose role is incredibly important for the correct function of core protein. Growth media and chondrocytes were analysed with the help of the automatic amino acids analyzer unit after acid or oxidative hydrolysis. The analyse established the amino acid representation. The main attention was paid to cysteine. The changing concentrations of this amino acid were showing if the antecedents in the addition are used for its production and, therefore, if it is possible to stimulate the production of core protein with these antecedents. The results are discussed in the conclusion of this thesis. The next step should be the detection of the concentration of synthesized aggrecan by the immunological method. Presently this method is very expensive. Therefore, the method of setting the core protein of aggrecan with the help of suitable amino acid was used for the first tests.
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The importance of production and quality of pollen in the summer and late summer for the bee colonies (case studies from around of the village Volary - CHKO Šumava)
PETROVÁ, Jana
Objective of the work was to identify with using pollen analysis botanical origin of bee-colected pollens collected from beehive station Lískovec near the town Volary in the Protected Landscape Area of Šumava. Bee-collected pollens were collected once a week from one honey bee colony with using of a pollen trap. The time of collection was summer and late summer period from 22 June to 11 September 2010. Bee-collected pollens were dried, categorized by color, weighed and observed using the microscope. Pollen grains were determined by the number and type of apertures, shape, sculpture and size. Size of pollen grains was measured on at least 50 pollen grains of one type. In each microscopic slide were counted at least 500 pollen grains. The proportion of plant species in the sample was expressed as a percentage and the importace of plant species was evaluated in the diet of honey bees in the area of interest. Selected samples of bee-collected pollens from beehive station Lískovec and also from beehive station Dobčice were investigated for protein content and amino acid composition. Pollen belonging to Polemonium coeruleum, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens was evaluated as an important source of protein and amino acids for honey bees. The concentration of essential amino acids expressed as percentages of total amount of amino acids did not differ significantly between samples of bee-collected pollen. Another objective of the work was to compare the results from the area of interest with the results processed in the similar study from beehive station Dobčice in the northern area of the landscape Blanský les. The work also includes statistical evaluation of dominance, frequency, Shannon-Wiener index of diversity and variability between samples and species. The work is complemented by photographs of selected pollen grains.
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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) MOENCH and its utilization possibilities in the condition of the Czech Republic
Hermuth, Jiří ; Janovská, Dagmar ; Strašil, Zdeněk ; Usťak, Sergej ; Hýsek, Josef
Sorghum is one of the oldest used crops. Presently, it is one of the five most cultivated cereals in the world for human nutrition. This methodology includes a comprehensive view of sorghum cultivation and presents the newest knowledge in range from botanical taxonomy to the possibilities of utilization. In this publication, there are included not only our own results but there are also results from the world scientific publications. There are characterized selected species of sorghum suitable for different climatic conditions of the Czech Republic. There are described all aspects and procedures, which can influence the final production of selected sorghum varieties including their quality from the point of view of biogas production.
Fulltext:  PDF
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The effect of fertilization by nitrogen on leaves of free amino acids in plants
Neuberg, M. ; Pavlík, Milan ; Balík, J. ; Kaliszová, R. ; Pavlíková, D.
The effect of different fertilization systems, especially CULTAN (Controlled Uptake Long Term Ammonium Nutrition), on levels of selected amino acids (alanine, glycine, serine, asparagine and glutamine) was investigated in this study. As modeling plant was used maize (Zea mays L.; hybrid Rivaldo) and levels of amino acid were measured by GC-MS. We found significant difference in the levels of certain amino acids. Concentration of alanine and glutamine was higher by treatment with urea ammonium nitrate solution (DAM 390) compared with individuals treated by ammonium nitrate.
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