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Crimes of bodily injury under section 145 and 146 of the Czech Criminal Code
Zelenka, Michal ; Hořák, Jaromír (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee)
The title of the thesis: Crimes of bodily harm under section § 145 and § 146 of the Criminal Code Abstract: This rigorous thesis focuses on the offences of bodily harm under sections 145 and 146 of Act No. 40/2009 Coll., The Criminal Code. The crimes of bodily harm and grievous bodily harm are classified among the most serious crimes against human health. The aim of this rigorous thesis is a comprehensive analysis of the offences of bodily harm and grievous bodily harm, with particular emphasis on demonstrating the fundamental differences between these offences. This rigorous thesis also deals with the offence of bodily harm for justifiable motive, which is a crime privileged over the offences of bodily harm and grievous bodily harm. The aim of this rigorous thesis is also, among the other things a brief excursion and delineation of the differences between the domestic legislation of the above-mentioned offences and the English and Slovak legislation. The first part of the rigorous thesis deals with the development of the legal framework of intentional bodily harm in the Czech Republic from the time of Great Moravia until the adoption of the current Criminal Code. Increased attention is then paid to the most important legal regulations, whether of later or more recent date. The second part of the...
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Compensation for injury to the natural rights of man (Section 2956-2968 of the Civil Code)
Rybová, Diana ; Salač, Josef (advisor) ; Zvára, Michael (referee)
68 Compensation for injury to the natural rights of man (Section 2956-2968 of the Civil Code) Abstract This diploma thesis introduces the concept of the institute of compensation for immaterial harm to the natural rights of man in Act No. 89/2012 Coll., Civil Code. The main aim of this thesis is to provide a basic, comprehensive insight into the issue of compensation for harm to the natural rights of man and to present the opinions and thoughts of members of the legal community and my own on some of the widely discussed subtopics. The thesis also analyses the most important changes that distinguish the current regulation from the regulation contained in Act No. 40/1964 Coll., Civil Code. The thesis is based on commentary literature, relevant publications and recent as well as older case law of the Czech courts. The first chapter focuses on the regulation of natural rights, first briefly at the constitutional level, which is important for understanding the solid foundation of natural rights in the legal system. This is followed by the regulation at the civil law level, which is contained in first part of the Civil Code. Furthermore, the thesis examines the institute of liability for damage, the prevention of damage and the basic prerequisites required for the occurrence of damage. The institutes come...
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Compensation for Personal Injury
Hamran, Richard ; Salač, Josef (advisor) ; Selucká, Markéta (referee) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
COMPENSATION FOR PERSONAL INJURY ABSTRACT The aim of this thesis is to elaborate on the following questions: Whether and to what extent the compensation for personal injury (or, in other words, compensation for non- pecuniary damage to bodily and mental health) under the new Czech Civil Code (Act No. 89/2012 Coll.) ("NCC") means a (r)evolution in comparison to the previous Czech Civil Code (Act No. 40/1964 Coll.) ("OCC") and what conclusions can be drawn in this regard when comparing the NCC to selected European jurisdictions. In order to answer these questions, the comparative method as the main method was chosen for the purpose of this paper. In particular, this thesis compares the NCC to the OCC on one hand and to German law, Austrian law, French law, English law, PETL and DCFR on the other hand. The paper consists of four main parts: compensation for personal injury in the selected European jurisdictions, under the OCC, under the NCC, and the comparative part. Each of those parts addresses the same three principal issues: fundamental questions of tort law with the focus on compensation of non-pecuniary damage; compensation for personal injury of direct (primary) victims and that of indirect (secondary, third party) victims. Based on the research, we come to the following conclusions: Provided that the...
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Compensation for injury and death in German law
Vysloužilová, Markéta ; Šustek, Petr (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee)
Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit ist eine kurze Einführung in die Problematik der Ersatzansprüche für den Personenschaden im Recht der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Es handelt sich dabei um eine zusammenfassende Studie, deren Ziel es vor allem ist, die wichtigsten themabezogenen Grundbegriffe und Merkmale auf Tschechisch zu erläutern. Dabei enthält die Arbeit auch einige subtile Anstöße zum interdisziplinären, kulturhistorischen Betrachten des Personenschadens. Der eigentliche Text ist in drei Einheiten geteilt. Der Einführung folgt die etwas deskriptive Auslegung zum Ersatz vom materiellen Schaden, den Kern dieser Arbeit stellt das Schmerzensgeld als Ersatz für den immateriellen Schaden dar. Die spärliche legislative Regelung, die überwiegend im BGB enthalten ist, wird wesentlich durch die Rechtsprechung ergänzt. Der Personenschadenersatz wird im deutschen Recht relativ restriktiv erfasst und die Entschädigungssummen bleiben verhältnismäßig gering. Theoretisch wird der materielle Schaden in Erwerbsschaden, Haushaltsführungsschaden, Heilbehandlungskosten, vermehrte Bedürfnisse, entgangenen Unterhalt, entgangene Dienste und Beerdigungskosten aufgeteilt. Detaillierte Falluntersuchung und strenge Bemessung der materiellen Ersatzansprüche sind aus der angeführten Rechtsprechung ersichtlich. Für den...
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Methodology for Determination of General Damages in Personal Injury Cases
Mališ, Daniel ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
222 Methodology for Determination of General Damages in Personal Injury Cases Abstract The thesis examines to what extent the Methodology for Determination of General Damages in Personal Injury Cases (published by the Czech Supreme Court) meets the requirement of Section 2958 of the Czech Civil Code and its explanatory memorandum requesting that fair and just compensation is provided in personal injury cases. Detailed analysis is applied to the process of creating the Methodology, as well as to its individual rules, addressing, consecutively, the compensation of pain and suffering, of "other non-material harm" (a new legal concept under Czech law) and of lowered quality of life. Legal and logical conclusions regarding effects of the respective rules on the amounts of general damages are substantiated also by concrete statistical data, including data on the average amount of compensation for pain and suffering, and for lowered quality of life in the years 2010-2019. Based on detailed analysis of individual Methodology rules and of the statistical data, the thesis draws a conclusion that the Methodology, in its current form, is not in line with aim of the legislator to provide fair and just compensation in personal injury cases. Therefore, targeted solutions of the respective issues are presented. For the...
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Methodology for Determination of General Damages in Personal Injury Cases
Mališ, Daniel ; Dvořák, Jan (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee) ; Doležal, Tomáš (referee)
222 Methodology for Determination of General Damages in Personal Injury Cases Abstract The thesis examines to what extent the Methodology for Determination of General Damages in Personal Injury Cases (published by the Czech Supreme Court) meets the requirement of Section 2958 of the Czech Civil Code and its explanatory memorandum requesting that fair and just compensation is provided in personal injury cases. Detailed analysis is applied to the process of creating the Methodology, as well as to its individual rules, addressing, consecutively, the compensation of pain and suffering, of "other non-material harm" (a new legal concept under Czech law) and of lowered quality of life. Legal and logical conclusions regarding effects of the respective rules on the amounts of general damages are substantiated also by concrete statistical data, including data on the average amount of compensation for pain and suffering, and for lowered quality of life in the years 2010-2019. Based on detailed analysis of individual Methodology rules and of the statistical data, the thesis draws a conclusion that the Methodology, in its current form, is not in line with aim of the legislator to provide fair and just compensation in personal injury cases. Therefore, targeted solutions of the respective issues are presented. For the...
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Crimes against health.
Býčková, Michaela ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
The main goal of this diploma thesis was to summarize crimes against health in accordance to Chapter I Title II of the Criminal Code. Firstly I focused on history of the crimes against health. As these crimes were present during the whole human being, my goal was to describe the main historical milestones from the beggining of the Czech state until the publication of the present Criminal Code. In another chapter I described crimes against health from the criminological point of view. I defined individual types of offenders of these crimes, their motivation, causation why are they commiting crimes and last but not least the possible way how to prevent these crimes. Third chapter contains description of the main elements in crimes against health. There are four obligatory signs of every criminal offence. The object, the subjective point, the objective point and the perpetrator. Main part of this work is devoted to the analysis of the particular crimes according to Chapter I Title II of the Criminal Code. I devided this part systematicly into two chapters - intentional crimes and crimes caused by negligance. Chapter about the crimes caused by negligance describes more detailed crimes against health caused by road accidents, doctors and sportsman. There is an extensive practise of the courts in this...
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Compensation for injury and death in German law
Vysloužilová, Markéta ; Šustek, Petr (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee)
Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit ist eine kurze Einführung in die Problematik der Ersatzansprüche für den Personenschaden im Recht der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Es handelt sich dabei um eine zusammenfassende Studie, deren Ziel es vor allem ist, die wichtigsten themabezogenen Grundbegriffe und Merkmale auf Tschechisch zu erläutern. Dabei enthält die Arbeit auch einige subtile Anstöße zum interdisziplinären, kulturhistorischen Betrachten des Personenschadens. Der eigentliche Text ist in drei Einheiten geteilt. Der Einführung folgt die etwas deskriptive Auslegung zum Ersatz vom materiellen Schaden, den Kern dieser Arbeit stellt das Schmerzensgeld als Ersatz für den immateriellen Schaden dar. Die spärliche legislative Regelung, die überwiegend im BGB enthalten ist, wird wesentlich durch die Rechtsprechung ergänzt. Der Personenschadenersatz wird im deutschen Recht relativ restriktiv erfasst und die Entschädigungssummen bleiben verhältnismäßig gering. Theoretisch wird der materielle Schaden in Erwerbsschaden, Haushaltsführungsschaden, Heilbehandlungskosten, vermehrte Bedürfnisse, entgangenen Unterhalt, entgangene Dienste und Beerdigungskosten aufgeteilt. Detaillierte Falluntersuchung und strenge Bemessung der materiellen Ersatzansprüche sind aus der angeführten Rechtsprechung ersichtlich. Für den...
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Damages for personal injury
Molnár, Peter ; Šustek, Petr (advisor) ; Salač, Josef (referee)
Damages for personal injury The diploma thesis focuses on the analysis and evaluation of the recodified legal regulation on damages for non-pecuniary loss arising from personal injury in the light of its comparison with the relevant English common law. On the background of the historical evolution of the method for assessing the amount of damages for non-pecuniary loss arising from personal injury, as well as through the comparison of Metodika Nejvyššího soudu k náhradě nemajetkové újmy při ublížení na zdraví (bolest a ztížení společenského uplatnění podle § 2958 občanského zákoníku) with Guidelines for the Assessment of General Damages in Personal Injury Cases, the diploma thesis arrives at a conclusion in favour of the development and application of the former, which it deems to have been a suitably chosen pre-emptive measure that would allow Czech legal practice to approach damages for non-pecuniary loss arising from personal injury in a consistent and proportionate fashion right from the moment of the coming into effect of Act No. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code, without having to overcome a period of relative legal uncertainty, during which standardised amounts of damages would have been developed through judicial practice, as was the case in the English common law. As regards the...
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The Youth Opinions towards Violent Crime
PROKOPOVÁ, Michaela
The bachelor?s thesis aims to map the opinion of young students in secondary schools on the issue of violent crime, its repression and prevention, and to identify their fear of such crimes. The theory part explains the historical development of repression for specific violent crimes and defines the concept of violent crime and describes concepts associated with this group of crimes. The next chapters deal with criminal aggression, forensic theory of violent crime, its phenomenology, etiology and prevention, sense of security and fear of such criminal offenses. The last chapter describes violent crimes such as murder, robbery, assault and manslaughter as stipulated in the new Criminal Code effective from January 1, 2010. Four hypotheses were stated prior to the research. The first hypothesis suggesting that more than 60% of all respondents consider the number of violent crimes decreasing was invalidated. The second hypothesis affirms that more than 70% of all respondents consider brutality of culprit of violent crimes to be rising. The third hypothesis affirms that more students of an apprentice school would inflict the death penalty for plain murder and deliberate murder after prior consideration than students of a grammar school. The fourth hypothesis suggesting that more than 80% of victims of violent crime within the respondents do not feel safe in their domicile was invalidated. A quantitative research was chosen to collect data. The method used was inquiry and the data collection method was anonymous questionnaire. The respondents were students of an apprentice school and of a grammar school. The sample was determined by quota sampling where the quota consisted in age, sex and type of attended school. The sets were mutually compared. The conclusions of the research indicate that respondents are not enough informed on the issue of violent crime. A certain distortion of data transfer to the public, and the lack of crime prevention, and the dangers of excessive watching of shows and playing video games with violent topics for children were pointed out. Based on these findings, possible solutions of the issue were suggested. The results of this thesis can be used by the police dealing with crime prevention, but also provide advice for parents. They could also be published in some of the forensic or police journals.
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