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TV-debate - argumentation and persuasion: Václav Moravec questioning's case study
Jelínková, Barbora ; Kraus, Jiří (advisor) ; Šoltys, Otakar (referee)
The diploma thesis presents own research method for examination of speech formations. It focuses on examination of televised political debates. The method applied here may be characterized as an organized hermeneutic analysis of political discourse. Through the application of an analytical - philosophical approach (e.g. application of the theory of maxima, illocutionary acts evaluation, and analysis of arguments and verification of their truthfulness), the method allows us to establish objective facts of the debate as well as some personal features of debate participants. To examine texts, the theoretical knowledge of distinguished authors (J. J. Austin, K. Bayer, T. A. van Dijk, N. Fairclough, H. P. Grice, J. Habermas, J. Kraus, G. N. Leeche, J. R. Searl, and others) have been made use of. In addition to the literary survey, the thesis also includes the argumentation in respect of selection of the method, selection of talk shows, transcript of debates from TV records, transformation of the text into an analysable form, and research methodology. Accordingly, a specific communication model of programme is drawn up, the talk show discourse is analysed as a whole, and the styles and argumentation of selected participants are examined and analysed, which is followed by a comprehensive assessment of the...
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Rhetoric of users selected asynchronic discussions on the Internet.
Klika, Jan ; Kraus, Jiří (advisor) ; Švelch, Jaroslav (referee)
Master thesis called "Users rhetoric of selected asynchronous discussions on the Internet" studies culture of language and rhetorical cultivation in the selected discussion pieces from the three news servers, namely Aktuálně.cz., iDnes.cz and Neviditelný pes. Under many of these virtual newspaper articles there are discussions that are meant to develop read ideas and opinions. This discussion space is accessible for practically everyone who has an access to the Internet, which is one of the characteristics and advantages of network media over traditional ones. However limitations of traditional media anticipated the use of appropriate and cultivated language. Network media have different characteristics and asynchronous discussion make other demands on language in them. Natural language is the basic communication medium, which is the primary content of most mass media. In the practical part there is an examination of users speech behavior in these discussions. The rhetorical analysis is used there, which allows a holistic view of speech including its argumentative construction. The aim is to find out what this type of online dialogues is characteristic from the point of view of rhetoric.
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(Non-)Existence of Populism in Modern Japan
Petrželková, Eva ; Karmazin, Aleš (advisor) ; Charvát, Jan (referee)
The word 'populism' has lately been frequently appearing in political discourse all over the world. The word is most often associated with certain persons, such as Donald Trump, Marine LePen, or Andrej Babiš. The reason for this shift in discourse is the fact that many Western countries have been plagued by a wave of (right-wing) populism, for which traditional parties have not found a solution yet. One of the few countries with western-style democracy which has so far been able to avoid this wave is Japan. The goal of this thesis is to find out why that is, and whether there might be any mechanisms within the Japanese political system which prevent the populist phenomenon. The thesis analyzes typical characteristics of populism based on literature about the theory of populism. The thesis then creates a model based on this analysis, and compares it with the current situation in Japan. The model comprises of fifteen criteria which are split into four categories, preconditions for the creation of a populist party, its creation and development process and characteristics, the rhetorical strategies of its leaders/members, and its further development. By applying this model onto the current situation in Japan, the following facts have been uncovered. Japan has been governed by the Liberal Democratic...
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Language correctness and incorrectness as an argument used in online discussions
Trojanová, Monika ; Švelch, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kraus, Jiří (referee)
The diploma thesis titled "Language Correctness and Incorrectness as an Argument Used in Online Discussions" deals with a language criticism which is used as an argument in online discussions. Firstly, the thesis frames language and speech, argumentation, rhetoric, and communication. Then it introduces online discussions and describes how they work, and how they contribute to communication. It is also focused on the users as creators of content in online discussions. The thesis analyzes the corpus of online discussions in which the argumentation based on language correctness and incorrectness is contained. According to communication situations, the thesis classifies by what language criticism is started, what arguments are used by the critics, how the critized react, and how the others perceive language criticism. The research also examines the consequence of language criticism in online discussions. The goal of the thesis is to determinate whether and how language incorrectness may affect information value of particular post, and how the arguments based on language correctness and incorrectness are used.
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The Rhethoric of Justification of Political Parties in South Africa
Bílá, Lucie ; Císař, Ondřej (advisor) ; Slačálek, Ondřej (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is mainly to make an analysis of political speeches and oficial documents of two South African political parties, National Party and Economic Freedom Fighters, with a discoursive analysis as a methodology. The focus of the thesis is on the discourse of justification which concentrates on justification of own existence and claim on representation. This claim on representation is then analysed with regards to a declared group which the party claims to represent and to which, at least, these politics are supposed to serve. The part of the analysis is also a matter of consistence of the rhetoric.
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The United States' policy of democracy promotion after the intervention in Iraq.
Klimešová, Tereza ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Riegl, Martin (referee)
Bibliographic note KLIMEŠOVÁ, Tereza. The Implications of the Intervention in Iraq for the United States' Policy of Democracy Promotion. Master thesis. Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of International Studies, Supervisor Ph.Dr. Jan Hornát, Ph.D. Abstract Democracy promotion has been an integral part of US foreign policy for more than a century. Particularly at the end of the 20th century, democracy flourished worldwide as autocratic regimes collapsed at large and scholars talked about the "End of History." Nevertheless, the current situation is very different, and substantial democratic backsliding is observable. Many scholars are tracing the origins of this decline to the Bush's Freedom Agenda, particularly the intervention in Iraq in 2003, arguing that it was the initial turning point for US democracy promotion. However, this thesis argues that the invasion and the subsequent war were pivotal only in part. The most visible implications were within the public perception of democracy promotion. Due to the US engagement in Iraq, domestic support deteriorated substantially. Moreover, the international community's perception of the US as a benign democracy exporter crumbled as well. Another change was observable within the rhetoric of President Obama after taking office in 2009. In...
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"Most people don't mind global warming": Climate change denial in Czech politics between the years 2018 - 2021
Růžičková, Dagmar ; Švantner, Martin (advisor) ; Řehořová, Irena (referee)
"Most people don't mind global warming": Climate change denial in Czech politics between the years 2018 - 2021 This thesis deals with the topic of climate change denial in contemporary Czech politics. It aims to describe how the narrative of climate change denial is formed and reproduced. The first part captures the origins and the background of climate change scepticism in both Czech and international context with the special stress laid upon ideology. Based on the critical discourse analysis of the rhetorics of Alexandr Vondra, Jan Zahradník, Václav Klaus Jr., and Tomio Okamura, the second part of this paper aims to contribute by unravelling the key symptoms of climate change denial discourse of the above mentioned politicians as well as the dominant frames and discursive strategies used to deny both the anthropogenic climate change and the climate change politics. The last goal of the analysis is to describe in what aspects the linguistic means of selected right-wing populists differ or intertwine with the language of right-wing conservatives. Keywords: climate change denial, right-wing populism, climate policy, discourse, rhetorics
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Persuasion and Signs: Semiotics and Rhetoric as Complementary Disciplines
Švantner, Martin ; Marcelli, Miroslav (advisor) ; Višňovský, Emil (referee) ; Šíp, Radim (referee)
Persuasion and Signs: Semiotics and Rhetoric as Complementary Disciplines The hypothesis we consider in this dissertation is that of complementarity of semiotics and rhetorics, both in symstematical and historical context. The first part deals with the late modern interpretation of the history of rhetorics, sophistry and sophistical rhetoric (showing why i tis necessary to discriminate between these terms). This is illustrated by the discussion about pragmatics and interpretation of ancient rhetoric in the anglo-saxon philosophy of the late 20th century. Topic of persuasion is considered as the main point of investigation for its being common both to rhetoric and semiotics. This is elaborated in the second part of thesis, which concentrates on the analysis of Ch. S. Peirce's late work, especially his classification of signs, semiotics as pure rhetoric, with emphasis on his concept of pragmatism. The pragmatism is the point where semiotics and rhetoric coincide. In the conclusion it is find out, that semiotics and rhetoric are complementary disciplines, at least for their specific account of the notion of sign and persuasion. Keywords Rhetoric, rhetoric, semiotics, semeiotic, sophistry, Lyotard, Vitanza, Nietzsche, Peirce, Deleuze.
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Persuasive Language Used in Presentations by Information Technology Students
Vlachová, Monika ; Walek, Agata (referee) ; Ellederová, Eva (advisor)
Cílem této práce je vymezit koncept rétoriky a persuasivního jazyka. Práce začíná rétorickou analýzou a definuje rétorickou situaci. Dále poskytuje informace o umění přesvědčování, jeho historii a použití. Těžištěm práce je přehled charakteristických persuasivních prostředků, který se zaměřuje nejen na používání persuasivních jazykových struktur, ale také specifickou slovní zásobu. Analytická část této práce převádí teorii do praxe prostřednictvím podrobné analýzy a srovnání persuasivních prostředků používaných studenty informačních technologií v odborných prezentacích. Zabývá se persuasivními strategiemi, jakými jsou emoční důraz v řeči, používání osobních zájmen, spojovací výrazy, trojice slov nebo lichocení.
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