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Study of the influence of fires of municipal and industrial waste landfills on the enviromental contamination, the combustion products of rubber and halogenated polymers
Sikora, Henryk ; Hroch, Martin (referee) ; Chýlková, Jaromíra (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This thesis deals with the issue of fires of municipal and industrial wastes, particularly of rubber and halogenated polymers. When these materials burn, significant amount of harmful substances liberate into environmental compartments. Analysis of samples subjected to thermal decomposition in laboratory conditions explored formation of characteristic compounds in dependence on conditions of combustion. Samples of air, water and soil taken from real fires that occurred between the years 2007 – 2011 in the region of Western Bohemia monitored spreading of these substances into the environment. Majority of these samples were analysed by the means of gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Additionally the effect of extinguishing methods and use of fire extinguishers on formation and spreading of combustion products was studied, especially in soil and in water sources.
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The environmnetal impact of burning products
Ročňáková, Ivana ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
The submitted thesis deals with the study of combustion products and their impact on the environment and human organism. It explains the nature of combustion and conditions under which the fire originates. In this action is developed a large number of different substances. As concrete examples of inorganic substances were selected following compounds: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, sulphates, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide, nitrous gases and ammonia. From the organic compounds were selected only a few examples, such as the burning of plastics or the subsequent fire extinguishing device is developed by a diverse range of organic compounds. The wide range of compounds was chosen phosgene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, PAHs and extremely toxic. When burning the noxious substances into the air first and then wet or dry slope to reach the other components of the environment. These combustion products have diverse adverse effects on both humans and the environment. In some cases, these substances have fatal consequences for all components of the environment.
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Adaptability of temperate forest soils to fire
Švábová, Bára ; Jílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Devetter, Miloslav (referee)
This research paper examines the adaptability of temperate forest soils to wildfire, as the frequency and intensity of wildfire in temperate forests is expected to increase with climate change. In addition, climate change is expected to shift the forest boundary northwards, so temperate forests are likely to be gradually replaced by Mediterranean forests, where fire frequency is currently high. How much a fire disturbs soil properties depends on the intensity, severity, frequency and climatic conditions following the fire. Fire in temperate forests primarily negatively affects the organic matter content, which further influences physico-chemical and biological properties. Thus, the most important factor in restoring the soil properties of temperate forests is the restoration of organic matter, which is linked to revegetation. After comparison with studies from boreal and Mediterranean forests, it was found that the recovery time of temperate forest soils is similar to that of boreal forest soils. Soil properties such as increased pyrogenic carbon content, rapid recovery or increased numbers of fungi and bacteria and increased aggregate stability may help in soil recovery after fire. This work is important in the context of climate change and could help in developing strategies that promote soil...
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Depiction of natural and anthropogenic disasters in contemporary audiovisual environment - (main czech news broadcast ČT, Nova, CNN Prima News)
Doubravová, Zuzana ; Macková, Veronika (advisor) ; Géla, František (referee)
The bachelor's thesis entitled Depiction of natural and anthropogenic disasters in the contemporary audiovisual environment - (main Czech news broadcast ČT, Nova, CNN Prima News) deals with media segments of main Czech news broadcast dedicated to disasters. The theoretical part includes a definition of catastrophes as events, offers a short historic outlook on the beginnings of their portrayal in audiovisual news media, and covers the main transformations of the role journalists while working on them. It also describes the latest technology, problematic elements in broadcasting and psychological influence of audiovisual news reporting on disasters. The main part of the examination is to analyse the depiction of the floods 2020 in the Czech Republic, Australian bushfires 2019-2020, and hurricane Laura 2020 in the United States of America. These events represent domestic and foreign disasters. The work also offers brief characteristics of selected broadcasts and disasters. The work aims to contextualise chosen problematic, analyse and compare related segments in selected broadcasts. The work uses methodology of content analysis and comparison. It is a case study.
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Biology of three-toed woodpecker
Navrátil, Martin ; Fuchs, Roman (advisor) ; Reif, Jiří (referee)
In my thesis I have tried to find out how does forest management influence presence of the Three-toed woodpecker Picoides tridactylus.This species is considered a "flagship species" of an untouched primeval type of forest and therefore it requires our attention and protection. The thesis contains results of North-American studies focused on the species very similar to Picoides tridactylus. The main chapters are those aimed to provide information about how is the Picoides tridactylus affected by forest fragmentation, stand health condition and finally the impact of food supply on the occurence and behaviour of the species.
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Interactions of fire with humus forms and edaphon
Martinovská, Aneta ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Vindušková, Olga (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to examine the question if there is any connection between the rate of decomposition of litter, removal of litter from the soil surface by bioturbation and the frequency and intensity of wildfires. The work describes in detail the mechanism of fire, factors influencing the frequency and intensity of wildfires and their ecological impacts. It pays particular attention to the role of fuel availability for the fire. It describes the relationship between the quality of fuel, its quantity and the rate of its accumulation on soil surface and the frequency and intensity of wildfires. In particular, study brings forvard an idea that the accumulation of fuel on the soil surface in the form of more or less decomposed litter. The work points out that the amount of this fuel depends on the quality of the litter, but its production is based on the rate at which the litter (fuel) decomposes on the soil surface and how fast it is possibly incorporated into the soil by bioturbation of soil organisms. The work also pays attention to factors influencing the intensity of bioturbation and the rate of decomposition, presents the factors influencing the formation of overlying forms of humus. The work points out the possible dependence between these forms of humus and the frequency of...
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Long-term disturbances in temperate mountain forests and their representation in various proxy data
Pavlišová, Adéla ; Kuneš, Petr (advisor) ; Moravcová, Alice (referee)
In this work, I present the main disturbance agents affecting temperate mountain forests in Central Europe - wind, bark beetles and fires, and I draw attention to their interdependence. I primarily deal with the description of disturbances, their consequences, ecological contribution, and climate influence on their action. With climatic warming, the extent, intensity, and frequency of disturbances increase. Hence, it is important to understand their role in the past to prepare for the future development of our forests. Proxy data (indirect data) provide past evidence for disturbances, but their interpretation value differs. They inform us about a different time and spatial scale with varying degrees of accuracy. All the methods that I mention in my work provide us, to some extent, with climate proxy data that is closely related to the disturbance regime. Only some directly prove the disturbance, for example, through sedimentary charcoals findings. My work aimed at indicating possible complications but also the advantages that arise when combining individual methods.
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Offender profiling and the possibilities for its use in arson cases.
Linhartová, Barbora ; Boukalová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Gillernová, Ilona (referee)
The theme of the thesis is psychological offender profiling and the possibilities that it offers in the investigation of arson cases. First it introduces profiling as an investigation method, including its history, the sources on which it is based, what kind of information it contains and how it is created. Next it follows up the problematic issue of fires, their investigation and the classification of intentionally set fires. It also introduces some particular arsonist offender subtypes. Then it pursues the arson profiling and introduces the main profiling approaches. In the end, the author applies the acquired findings to analyze two arson cases according to the particular profiling approaches and then compares the provided leads to a possible offender.
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World from the point of view of the citizen in Early Modern Age
Sojková, Alena ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Ďurčanský, Marek (referee)
This diploma thesis covers the individual citizens' perception of suburban events in order to discuss the point of view of the early modern Czech citizen and their ability to gain information of the world around through the analysis of such suburban events that were registered in the chosen chronicles, originating between the years 1575-1600, a period that is considered "a golden age of the Czech cities". First, the background of the chroniclers is outlined, because it might have influenced the choice of events they decided to include in their works, i.e. the position of the concrete city, the level of education in the said period or the author's personal life. Second, the general knowledge of the authors is described in the thesis through the means of analysis of the type of recorded information (e.g. Turkish wars, the deaths of famous persons, wildfires, councils and the like). In other words, the thesis is to point out what type of information was considered to be the most interesting or extraordinary to the wider public, and which circles were usually covered by the chroniclers. Therefore, the reader is to discover the world of thought of the early modern citizen, which has been restricted to us because of the lack of other than administrative materials, and the impulses that influenced and...
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Biology of three-toed woodpecker
Navrátil, Martin ; Fuchs, Roman (advisor) ; Reif, Jiří (referee)
In my thesis I have tried to find out how does forest management influence presence of the Three-toed woodpecker Picoides tridactylus.This species is considered a "flagship species" of an untouched primeval type of forest and therefore it requires our attention and protection. The thesis contains results of North-American studies focused on the species very similar to Picoides tridactylus. The main chapters are those aimed to provide information about how is the Picoides tridactylus affected by forest fragmentation, stand health condition and finally the impact of food supply on the occurence and behaviour of the species.
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