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Patron-Client Relations and Ethnic Cleansing: An Analysis of Third-Party Influence in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War
Tentler, Matthew ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Myftari, Kledian (referee)
How does the presence of a patron-client relation contribute the onset of ethnic cleansing? There has been a growing body of literature examining the complexities of ethnic cleansing as a concept and the various determinants that contribute to the onset of such phenomenon. Michael Mann's theorization that ethnic cleansing occurs when the democratization process is weaponized by political elites seeking to maintain their power, resulting in the egalitarian and inclusive principals of democracy being supplanted by an exclusionary, ethno-nationalist conception of the nation-state. I argue that the incorporation of the patron-client model of international relations would build upon Mann's theorization of ethnic cleansing by providing a more in-depth understanding of how military aid and ideological legitimacy from a patron state contributes to a state adopting the violent and exclusionary policy of ethnic cleansing. A case study of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988-1994) confirms the importance of analyzing existing patron-client relations, as the Armenian political elite, intelligentsia, and military aid played a significant role in the escalation of the conflict into ethnic cleansing.
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Rise of illiberal peace? Russian perspective on the sustainability of post-conflict arrangements
Žilka, Peter ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
The central idea of this master thesis is based on the recent normative contestation of the rules-based international order by authoritarian great powers such as Russia or China, whose activities are becoming more and more alarming. As the Western community since the end of the Cold War decided to take a big share of responsibility for the worldwide prevention and resolution of conflicts, their promotion of liberal values within peacebuilding frameworks nevertheless did not meet the set goals. Hence, academic debates recently engaged in the inquiry of alternative peacebuilding frameworks, including those that involved practices of illiberal actors. Consequently, this thesis focus on a qualitative analysis of Russian peacebuilding practices throughout its involvement in Tajikistan, Chechnya, Nagorno- Karabakh, and Syria. While looking for some possible overlapping with liberal practices, the analysis will primarily focus on technical processes of peacebuilding such as institution building and governance; security sector reform; and economic recovery. The overall finding demonstrate a fragile post-conflict environment based on dependency, ineffective governance, occasional re-emergence of violence or economic stagnation.
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Mourning and visual tropes in photojournalism
Jarolímková, Zuzana ; Průchová Hrůzová, Andrea (advisor) ; Silverio, Robert (referee)
About the repetition in art first has written in the 19th century the art historian Aby Warburg who described them as the formula of pathos. He pointed out that these gestures were connected by human emotion which repeats itself independently of the culture. His work inspired Marienne Hirsch who came up with the term memory figures which are used in the visual culture as a representation of a certain historic event. They are part of creating the "postmemory", especially in connection with the second world war. Nowadays, our space is more saturated with photos than with paintings. However, we still can see the influence of art from history and some photographers try to reproduce famous scenes. With inspiration from previous studies, Marta Zarzycka a Martijn Kleppe focused on this "trend" visual tropes which are used not only for better understatement of photos but also for stronger influence on readers. The thesis Mourning and visual tropes in photojournalism aim to show this trend in current media outlets on the tropes of mourning which are connected with the pandemic of coronavirus and war in Nagorno-Karabakh in 2020.
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The constitutional position of Nagorno-Karabakh
Barsegyan, Karmen ; Suchánek, Radovan (advisor) ; Hřebejk, Jiří (referee)
Resumé Tato diplomová práce se zabývá historií, státoprávním postavením, statusem a uznáním Náhorního Karabachu. Problematika Náhorního Karabachu je často diskutovaným a politický ožehavým tématem mezinárodního společenství. Otázka Náhorního Karabachu je předně otázkou právní, ale má přímé politické důsledky. Náhorní Karabach je územím o rozloze 4400 km2, nacházejícím se na jihozápadě Ázerbájdžánu a ve východní části arménského pohoří. Arménie a Ázerbájdžán vedou o toto území dlouholetý spor, který v období rozpadu Sovětského Svazu na počátku 90. let 20. století vygradoval v regulérní válečný konflikt. Větší část území Karabachu je v současné době fakticky kontrolována neuznanou Republikou Náhorní Karabach. Status Náhorního Karabachu je sporný. Na Náhorní Karabach se dá pohlížet jako na nezávislý stát. Republika Náhorní Karabach, která má: státní území, obyvatelstvo a efektivní vládu, která skutečně drží moc v zemi, čímž vykazuje tři základní kritéria předepsaná mezinárodním právem proto, aby byla na základě nezadatelného práva národa na sebeurčení uznána suverénním státem. V současném světě však kromě těchto tří základních kritérii se setkáváme i s dalším institutem mezinárodního práva, a to sice uznáním státu za plnoprávného člena mezinárodního společenství, kterého se však do dnešního dne Náhornímu...
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The Historical Roots of the Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh
Hladík, Jan ; Pargač, Jan (advisor) ; Šatava, Leoš (referee)
The Historical Causes of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict The following bachelor thesis covers the historical development of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The main goal is to analyse the question of the area changes that have occured in the Caucasus during centuries and also to show the influnce of policy of three main empires - Russian, Ottoman and Persian. The text is also trying to outline the ethnic and religious factors and clarify a relation of Christian Armenians and Shi'a Muslim Azeris in the Transcaucasus. The problem of coexistence between Armenian Christians and surrounding Muslim majority - not only Azeris on the east but also Turks and Kurds, is crucial for understanding of situation in the region.
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Participation and role of EU in resolving Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict
Hasanov, Ahmad ; Riegl, Martin (advisor) ; Bocianová, Kateřina (referee)
The thesis analyses the conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia over the region of Nagorno-Karabakh which both parties claim to be their historical territory. The thesis explains how the conflict started and continued with a full-scale military conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia, which is commonly referred to as the Nagorno-Karabakh War. One of the most important chapter of the thesis is the description of roles played by foreign mediators such as Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran and Turkey. All those countries pursued their own geopolitical and economic goals in the region, and wished to actively participate in it in order to spread their influence. The European Union has constantly been playing an important role in settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict thanks to its active involvement in all peacekeeping and mediation processes in the region. Nonetheless, despite all international efforts, the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh still continues as of today, and the parties cannot come to any compromise due to the antagonistic nature of their territorial disputes for Nagorno-Karabakh. Both, Azerbaijan and Armenia have started actively deploying their troops on the mutual borders, which raises fears among the international community that a new war for Nagorno-Karabakh might start already in the near future.
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Constructing Nagorno-Karabakh: a diachronic discourse analysis
Davidson White, Imogen ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
In over 20 years of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, there has been no significant progress towards a peaceful agreement. It has been argued that there is not enough incentive for leaders to agree to a compromise and that the citizens are not ready to accept one. In this context, the way the conflict and the enemy are described in public discourse is important not only because it represents the viewpoints of those producing the discourse but because it can have a real effect on public opinion. This paper examines discourse on Azerbaijan and the future of Nagorno-Karabakh in an official newspaper, showing that distrust of Azerbaijan and rigid expectations about the future of Nagorno-Karabakh are dominant.
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Warfare and Institutional Communication on Social Media in 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict
Kopečný, Ondřej ; Ludvík, Jan (advisor) ; Parízek, Michal (referee)
The thesis concerns with communication of Armenian and Azerbaijani Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Ministries of Defence on Facebook in relation to 2020 Nagorno Karabakh conflict. The official institutional accounts were used to bolster one sided narratives of the conflict, often by emotional appeals and misinformation targeting international and domestic audence. By analyzing FB communication of the named institutions, it aims to identify the key narrative-building tools utilized by state institutions in communication practice and how these tools are used prior to and during wartime. It also aims at comparing the communication practice across the institutions and in between the countries by analyzing Facebook posts of named ministries over period of 100 days using a dataset generated via Crowdtangle.
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