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Idea of humanity in the modern legal order (in chosen stages of Czechoslovakian and Czech statehood)
Kolář, Rostislav ; Pinz, Jan (advisor) ; Maršálek, Pavel (referee)
Idea of humanity in the modern legal order (in chosen stages of Czechoslovakian and Czech statehood) Abstract This thesis is focused on the idea of humanity in the modern legal order (in chosen stages of Czechoslovakian and Czech statehood). The main purpose of thesis is to analyse how would be useful change the Constitution of the Czech republic from the humanitarian point of view and after that make a proposal of concrete changes according the Legislative rules of government. Author uses analytical, synthetical and historical methods in order to catch the goal of the paper. This thesis is dealed into universal part and specific part as a logical process. The thesis is composed of six chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of topic. Chapter one is introductory and defines some of the basic terminology used in the thesis. The most important terms are idea of humanity, democracy, state, constitution and people. In the chapter two author describes genesis and short historical introduction of idea of humanity. Crucial historical times for the idea of humanity is Antics, Middle Ages and the Age of Enlightenment. Amongst the most importants humanists mentioned in this thesis are Sókratés, Aristotelés, Panaitios from Rhodos, Seneca, Confucius, Gautama, Lao-c', Marsilius from Padova, Hus, Rousseau,...
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Czech and Austrian media law with emphasis on austrian media act
Poláková, Pavla ; Benda, Josef (advisor) ; Hanák, Peter (referee)
As a result of current, historically unparalleled, media development, the states of European Union are forced to deal with new fundamental questions in the area of media regulation. Those questions are mainly; (i) can legislature of the EU member states react quickly enough to the technological development and (ii) how does the EU media legislative affect law of member states? In the presented work, answers to the above mentioned questions are based on a commented comparison between sources of the media law in Czech and Austrian constitutional systems. Besides the comparison, the work contains also an explanation of the basic concepts of the legal theory as well as a brief introduction to the historical development of the media law in both the countries. To the best of authors' knowledge, the present study is the first work aimed at comparing the media law of Czech Republic with another EU member state and it may be used as a basis for a discussion on a topic of Czech media law quality.
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Constitutional control of legal norms in the Czech republic in Central European context
Půhoný, Ondřej ; Hřebejk, Jiří (referee)
- 1 - ABSTRACT This thesis deals with the issue of constitutional control of legal norms, both in general development in its historical retrospective and then it describes its functioning in the continental and Anglo-American type of legal culture. A separate part is devoted to the historical development in the Czech lands from the beginnings of constitutionality in Austria and Austria-Hungary through its development during the interwar period, repression in the period of non-freedom during World War II and communist totalitarianism after its end, up to its restoration after 1989 and the subsequent dissolution of Czechoslovakia. Another goal of this thesis is a brief description of the current functioning of the constitutional judiciary in the Czech Republic and its comparison with the functioning of the constitutional judicial systems in selected European countries. In conclusion, I focused on the elements of constitutional control on a European scale and on the evaluation of its importance for the legal order and for the protection of human rights and freedoms. This thesis is systematically divided into six basic areas. The first one describes the legally consistent state as a constitutional state; the second one characterizes the constitutional judiciary as one of the guarantees of a legally consistent...
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The essential requirements for a democratic state in the Constitution of the Czech Republic
Žáček, Filip ; Suchánek, Radovan (advisor) ; Preuss, Ondřej (referee)
Essential Elements of a Democratic Rule of Law in the Constitution of the Czech Republic Abstract This thesis aims at comprehensive examination of the way in which essential elements of a democratic rule of law are embedded in the laws of the Czech Republic, in particular the Constitution, effective from 1 January 1993, as their centrepoint. The author's key task has been to deal with the difference between constitutional standards of other countries and Czech laws, where the text of the Constitution does not expressly identify the legal institutions that in their unity form the material core of the Constitution. The thesis provides a theoretical definition of the individual components of a democratic rule of law in the light of modern jurisprudence findings. It also outlines procedures aiming at the identification of the individual institutions embedded in the substance of constitutional law that form the unchangeable parts of the Constitution. The state idea, which individualizes the generally applicable essentials of a democratic state governed by the rule of law for requirements of Czech legal system, is considered the cardinal bearer of the core of the essential elements. Its development is described since the 16th century until the present, while its continuity or discontinuity is examined. It is...
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Referendum Repealing the Eight Amendment of Irish Constitution in 2018
Michálková, Kristýna ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Říchová, Blanka (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the Irish referendum of 2018 about repealing the constitutional amendment that forbids artificially made abortion. It is a case study that examines on this particular referendum positive and negative aspects of using this element of direct democracy. The thesis examines direct democracy theoretically and historically, describes Irish political system and the role of referendum within. Furthermore, the thesis characterizes historical milestones and important events of abortion policy in Ireland before 2018, the situation before the referendum, initiation of the referendum until its official announcement. The thesis also deals with the position of relevant political parties and the Catholic Church on the subject of the referendum, it also examines the main campaigns - both in support of the repeal of the constitutional amendment and the campaigns that oppose it. Thesis also includes election surveys, the results of the referendum itself and their consequences. At the end of the thesis, this referendum is analysed and evaluated, whether the positive or negative aspects of the use of the referendum prevail. The main research questions identified are not confirmed or rejected. In the case of the question about positive aspects of the referendum - 3 of the 6 statements are...
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Constitutional in England in the 17th century
Bartončíková, Renáta ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Seltenreich, Radim (referee)
Constitutional development in England in the 17th century Abstract This thesis aims at a thorough analysis of this period and its critical evaluation. It is based on the English constitutional development since the time of William the Conqueror and its summary is an integral part of it. The author considers the 17th century to be one of the most important periods that defined the modern constitutionality and state system of England. The main topic of the thesis is the already mentioned analysis, especially the relationship between the English monarchs and the English Parliament during the 17th century. The author defines the 17th century by a dispute between a monarch and a parliament based on the division of powers, which has changed rapidly over time. The emphasis is on the fact that during this time there has been a significant reduction in the sovereign's ancient rights and the transfer of many powers to parliament. The author describes the change in the powers of the king and parliament, especially in the field of fiscal, executive and justice, church affairs, foreign policy and the right to convene and dissolve parliament. She also deals with the development of parliamentary privileges, such as freedom of speech, division of power, immunity in voting on parliamentary bills, etc. The structure of the...
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Preparation and enactment of the 1960 Constitution from the point of view of the Czechoslovak press
Volčková, Dominika ; Groman, Martin (advisor) ; Cebe, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with one of the most important constitutional transformations in the Czechoslovak and Czech history from the point of view of the then press. The primary aim of the new constitution enacted in July 1960 was to confirm the following fact: socialism had won in Czechoslovakia. Embodying among others the pivotal position of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, this triumphal document had to be presented to the society in a certain form. The key role played the Czechoslovak daily press. It was documenting the entire procedure from drafting the proposal of constitution in April 1960 to its definitive enactment by the National Assembly in July. However, what kind of information was the press passing to readers? And which methods were used? At the beginning, we focus in the theoretical part on the historical and legal context preceding the new constitution. We concentrate on the text itself and its specificities from the 1948 Constitution. Subsequently we characterize the explored media environment. Finally we analyze with qualitative and comparative methods four leading daily newspapers: Rudé právo, Práce, Svobodné slovo and Mladá fronta. What media image of the 1960 Constitution did they create and in which they mutually resemble or differ from each other?
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