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Needs of patients with age related macular degeneration
Houdková, Eliška ; Jirkovský, Daniel (advisor) ; Haluzíková, Jana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the area of specific needs in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to provide an overview of the changed needs of patients with AMD. Methods: To achieve the aim of the thesis, a questionnaire survey was conducted. The target group of the survey were patients undergoing anti-VEGF therapy at an unnamed eye clinic. A total of 70 questionnaires were included in the survey. Results: Based on the statistical evaluation of the data, it was found that AMD significantly affects the lives of respondents in many areas. The majority of respondents identified independence and self-sufficiency as the most affected aspect of their lives. More than half of the respondents (55.71 %) have problems with mobility and everyday activities. AMD also negatively affects the mental health of patients, 70 % of respondents are afraid of depression or anxiety. Respondents find meaning and fulfillment in life, especially in the areas of family and friends relationships, leisure activities, spiritual development, education, gratitude, and a positive attitude towards life. Conclusion: AMD has a complex impact on the lives of patients. It is important to provide patients with AMD with high-quality and accessible care that includes not only...
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Synthesis of novel quinazoline derivatives as a potential multipotent therapeutics against Alzheimer's disease
Tošnerová, Daniela ; Karabanovich, Galina (advisor) ; Matouš, Petr (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of: Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Mentor: Ing. Galina Karabanovich, Ph.D. Consultant: Ing. Barbora Svobodová, Ph.D. Student: Daniela Tošnerová Title of Thesis: Synthesis of novel quinazoline derivatives as a potential multipotent therapeutics against Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurologic disorder. Current treatments only temporarily delay the progression of disease. The main limiting factor for developing of new therapeutic compounds is the simultaneous presence of multiple pathologies. Thus, a new group of potential drugs called multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) emerged as an alternative option to combat AD. To this date, dozens of MTDLs have been published. As part of the experimetnal section of this thesis, a series of small molecules based on quinazoline scaffold was rationally designed with the intention to influence the activity of acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO-A/MAO-B), and the GluN1/GluN2B subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Subsequently twenty-four new quinazoline derivatives were synthesized, and biologically evaluated. The overall results highlighted compound II-6h ((5E)-8-chlor-N-cyklohexyl-3-methyl-1-...
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The role of infection of HPV and EBV in the etiology of nasopharyngeal and cervical carcinoma
Machů, Jakub ; Vojtěchová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Španielová, Hana (referee)
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) and Epstein-Barr viruses (EBV) are common DNA viruses that contribute to the development and progression of tumours. These two groups of viruses are associated with more than 600,000 cases of newly diagnosed tumours of different anatomical locations annually. However, carcinogenesis is not a part of their normal productive life cycle. High risk HPV infections are mainly associated with head and neck tumours and anogenital cancers. EBV infections are associated with a range of acute or chronic diseases and tumours, with Burkitt's lymfomas (BL), Hodgkin's lymphomas (HL) and nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) being the most prominent. In recent years, it has been hypothesized that EBV infections may be involved in the development of cervical cancer in woman and that HPV infections may play a role in the development of NPC. The aim of this thesis is to characterize above mentioned groups of DNA viruses and to summarize currently available information about the potential role of these viruses in nasopharyngeal and cervical carcinomas. Key words: human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, cervical carcinoma
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Personality predictors of exercise addiction in competitive sport
Vítková, Tereza ; Mudrák, Jiří (advisor) ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (referee)
Exercise addiction is becoming a recognized concern, particularly prevalent in elite athletic environments where the pursuit of perfection is emphasized. Despite growing awareness of problematic exercise behaviors, research investigating the underlying risk factors remains limited. This study aimed to examine personality predictors of exercise addiction in Czech elite athletes. A sample of 168 competitive athletes, aged 18 to 30 years, completed assessments including the Exercise Addiction Inventory, Sport Motivation Scale-6, the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale, Performance Perfectionism Scale-Sport, and the Neuroticism Scale from Big Five Inventory. In terms of prevalence, the findings revealed that 16.5 % of athletes exhibited problematic signs of exercise addiction, while 76.7 % were potentially at risk with low severity of symptoms. No significant differences were observed between different groups of sports. Using multiple linear regression, the study demonstrated a significant overall effect of personality predictors on exercise addiction. Neuroticism, introjected regulation, and athletic identity were identified as significant predictors of exercise addiction. These findings highlight the importance of psychological factors such as personality traits and motivational regulation in...
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The role of the minor patient in the decision-making process regarding the provided health care
Šebková, Šárka ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Neugebauer, Jan (referee)
The bachelor's thesis entitled "The role of the minor patient in the decision-making process about the provided health care" deals with the issue of the rights of child patients and their respect. The work tries to outline the issue of providing health care to minor patients, its pitfalls and possible solutions to related problems. The aim of the work was to map the knowledge of minor patients in the area of their rights in the provision of health care and to evaluate their respect by health workers. The theoretical part of the thesis provides a basic overview of legal sources that regulate the role of minor patients in the provision of health care. This part of the work further outlines selected topics of the given issue from the point of view of valid legislation and points out possible pitfalls in practice. The empirical part presents the results of own work and their comparison with the results of other researches. The research method was a questionnaire of our own construction, which was distributed in the outpatient clinic of a general practitioner for children and adolescents. In the study itself were included 92 duly completed questionnaires. The results of the questionnaire survey showed that 72.83% of respondents think that they are given the opportunity to participate in decisions about...
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Helminth-host interactions on hormonal level
Lukesová, Hedvika ; Mikeš, Libor (advisor) ; Horák, Petr (referee)
Interactions between helminths and their hosts at the hormonal level result from their biochemical coevolution. Host hormones play an important role in the life of many helminths, and helminths are able to exploit them in some cases. For example, by expressing their own analogous hormone receptors that bind host hormones. Alternatively, by influencing the levels of host hormones, as certain hormonal environments may be (dis)advantageous for the helminths. This is the case, for example, of male mice infected with Taenia crassiceps, which undergo feminization as a result of infection. Some helminths can produce their own specific factors that influence host physiology, behaviour or appearance and may be analogs (orthologs) of host hormones. An example is the plerocercoid growth factor produced by Diphyllobothrium mansonoides, which behaves very much like a growth hormone in the host, although it differs in its primary structure. Some hormonal interactions can affect both helminth reproduction and the reproduction of their hosts. Examples of host-specific hormones that have been shown to be produced by helminths include, e.g., the ecdysteroid hormones - ecdysone and ecdysterone. A full understanding of the hormonal interactions between helminths and their hosts may lead us to find new treatments for...
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Effect of dysbiosis on proportion of particular neutrophil subsets and their functional capacities
Sklenářová, Lydie ; Hrdý, Jiří (advisor) ; Dobeš, Jan (referee)
The gut microbiota is crucial for maintaining physiological balance and influences metabolic processes, immune responses, and intestinal barrier function. Dysbiosis, or the imbalance of microbial composition, is associated with a range of health complications, including chronic inflammatory conditions such as non-specific intestinal inflammations. Inflammatory processes associated with dysbiosis and changes in microbial metabolites can directly affect the activation of neutrophils, impacting the pathogenesis of various diseases. Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host, offer the potential for positive modulation of these inflammatory conditions The aim of this thesis was to explore how experimentally induced intestinal dysbiosis affects the heterogeneity of neutrophils in the bone marrow. Dysbiosis was induced by administering antibiotics to mice, which were subsequently treated with the probiotic strain Escherichia coli O83:K24:H31 (EcO83). Neutrophil phenotypes were assessed using flow cytometry based on the expression of surface markers CD11b, Ly6G, CD62L, and CXCR2. Meanwhile, gene expression related to their antimicrobial functions and the inflammatory environment was analyzed by quantitative PCR. The results...
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Vestibular function in patients with idiopathic scoliosis
Kučerová, Klára ; Čakrt, Ondřej (advisor) ; Hoskovcová, Martina (referee) ; Bzdúšková, Diana (referee)
Vestibular function in patients with idiopathic scoliosis Abstract The dissertation focuses on evaluating vestibular functions in patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) as one of the important factors influencing the etiology of this disease. Clarification of the influence of the altered function of the vestibular system in patients with IS could lead to easier and faster diagnosis and better targeting of treatment through rehabilitation. The main goal of the work was to comprehensively evaluate vestibular functions in patients with IS and to compare it with healthy individuals and patients with defined vestibular dysfunction, which can be monitored in the early phase after cochlear implantation (CI). In these groups, we examined the perception of space, specifically the perception of the subjective visual vertical (SVV), the function of the otolith system using vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP), postural stability through a stabilometric examination, and the position of the head in space. In patients with IS, we found impaired SVV perception, 38% of patients had abnormal VEMP responses. Patients with IS showed worse postural stability compared to healthy individuals, which was manifested by greater postural deviations in the mediolateral direction. Furthermore, in patients with IS, we noted...
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Circadian regulation of the glymphatic system and its connection with the development of neurodegenerative diseases
Kuznetsov, Egor ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Kubištová, Aneta (referee)
Due to the absence of an active lymphatic system of the brain and the responsible nodal system, it has long been unclear how interstitial metabolic waste products, in particular amyloid-β, tau- protein, α-synuclein and other biomarkers associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases, are eliminated. A key role in this process is played by the glymphatic system, a complex network of tunnel-shaped perivascular spaces (PVSs) that conduct the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. These spaces are surrounded by astrocytes, responsible for the transport of fluids and the removal of metabolites. Studies suggest that the glymphatic system is subject to an endogenous circadian clock, and there is an established correlation between the volume of perivascular spaces and, with it, the rate of cerebrospinal fluid flow and sleep. Factors affecting the function of the glymphatic system include pulsation of blood vessels, spatial orientation of the body and functionality of aquaporin-4 (AQP4). Dysfunction of the glymphatic system plays a key role in the aging of the brain and the development of various neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the work is to summarize the known knowledge about the regulation of the glymphatic system and its influence on the development and prevention of neurodegenerative...
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Juniper pastures in the Wallachia area and predictors of their preservation
Mizera, Ondřej ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Common juniper (Juniperus communis), as a species of predominantly open habitats, used to be part of semi-natural grassland communities, such a pastures. In the area of Moravian Wallachia (eastern part of the Czech Republic) this type of grassland is known as juniper pasture, however as in the whole of Europe, it is a type of habitat that is disappearing rapidly from the landscape, among other reasons due to the absence of juveniles in the population. A total of 20 potentially preserved juniper pastures were identified within nine cadastral areas in the Moravian Wallachia (Beskydy Protected Landscape Area) and visited during the vegetation period. The total number of J. communis individuals was recorded, including their dendrometric (crown height and radius) and descriptive characteristics (sex, vitality, developmental stage, sociability, form). Characteristics of vegetation cover and type of site management were also recorded to define the main factors influencing the vitality and proportion of juvenile individuals in the population of J. communis. Field research was supplemented by analyses of orthophotos and topographical data processed in a GIS environment. In total 2,896 juniper were recorded at 20 locations, while the population of J. communis in the area of interest can be characterized by...
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