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Rethinking Justice in Common Sense
Pilařová, Eva ; Tuček, Milan (advisor) ; Petrusek, Miloslav (referee)
Within the university colloquium in winter 2006 a set of questions came into being considering fairness and justice in dimensions which are not quite conventional in Czech quantitative research. For the purposes of the survey the set was called "common justice" and was included into the omnibus research of public opinion "Our Society" on January 2006. The following essay reassumes the results of this inquiry and is composed of two parts or main chapters. The main part summarizes existing approaches in the field of justice and fairness theories including the historical development of ideas about this phenomenon. In this part I deal with theoretical concepts of justice and dimensions which form central thematic units in quantitative research of fairness, but I also consider the common theoretical level concerning fairness as philosophical issue. In the next chapter I summarize the situation in the field of contemporary postmodern sociology of fairness and analyze the mentioned set of "common justice" questions regarding circumscribed connections and contributions of these questions to the problems of understanding the justice within common sense and its more general meaning. In this analysis I deal with comparison of opinions on actual and ideal form of fairness and fair principles, and its relations...
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Urban notions and a literary text - City space and its representations in contemporary Czech literature
Derdowska, Joanna ; Bílek, Petr (advisor) ; Petrusek, Miloslav (referee) ; Činátlová, Blanka (referee)
This thesis is an attempt to look into the matter of connecting urban space and literary work. The analysis of mutual relationship of these two entities is based on Czech literary texts written after 1989. The first, theoretical part of this thesis provides a view into the state of relatively new perspective in literary theory, which is literary anthropology. Literary anthropology is subsequently taken as a methodological basis of this thesis. This methodology permits us to apply interdisciplinary shifts that are especially conductive to the research of urban space. Secondly, discussions lead within or among theoretical approaches to space and literature, especially on the spatialisation of discourse (the spatial or geographical turn in humanities) and the discoursivisation of space (as a result of semiological approach which treats cultural entities as "texts of culture"). Analyzed reactions indicate that this widespread approach treating space as a text is not the only possible basis for its study. After introducing modernistic context, in the second, interpretational part of this thesis three possible poetics of literary representation of urban space are presented. Poetics of constriction comes out from the tradition of understanding the city as a space of peril, both as a result of geometrization and...
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Restitution Identity in the Rudé Právo nad Restitution of the Rudé Právo Identity in Year Zero
Šmídová, Olga ; Petrusek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Pavelka, Jiří (referee) ; Kusá, Zuzana (referee)
This dissertation analyses the mass media (the Czech communist press "Rudé právo") discourse of property restitutions one year after the revolution of 1989. The author is inspired by the approaches and procedures of Critical Discourse Analysis in investigating the discursive and extra-discursive practices of the communist/left wing newspaper Rudé Právo. From the perspective of symbolic power as control, she analyzes the newspaper text as well as the social context in which the text was produced. She reconstructs the institutional and organizational transformation of the Rudé Právo daily, whose social position and identity changed radically during 1990, from a Communist Party affiliated propagandist to a private left-wing newspaper. The author links a discursive, narrative, and recursive frame analysis of the Czech communist press with the Boltanski and Thévenot theory of justice and the theory of retrospective/transitional justice. The dissertation describes the establishment of the restitution agenda and successive crystallization of the restitution discourse during "year zero" after November 1989. The author also observes the discursive area on a more general scale, i.e., in the economic reform and transformation discourse. In 1990, the privatization ideology represented the core of the transformation...
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Avant-garde theories in Czech architecture and culture of living
Büchlerová, Daniela ; Petrusek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Duffková, Jana (referee)
Vznik sociologie bydlení jako samostatné vědní disciplíny podnítil neutěšený stav, v němž se vlivem živelné industrializace, migrace obyvatelstva a nekontrolované výstavby nacházela velká evropská a americká města, která počátkem 20. století již přestávala sloužit jako funkční domov především příslušníkům nižších sociálních vrstev. Na vzniklou situaci bytové nouze a nevyhovujícího městského životního prostředí reagovala politická reprezentace, vědecké i kulturní kruhy. Významným činitelem v otázce řešení bytového problému se stala architektonická avantgarda, umělecko - teoretický proud kulturního hnutí meziválečné avantgardy. Toto uskupení mělo mezinárodní charakter a velkou úlohu v něm sehráli také českoslovenští architekti, teoretici a umělci. Mezi nimi byl nejvýraznější postavou Karel Teige, který ve svém rozsáhlém díle artikuloval program levicové avantgardy. Tento konstruktivista, funkcionalista i surrealista se zabýval otázkami sociálního bydlení a podrobně rozpracoval koncepci kolektivního bydlení, v němž spatřoval ideální obytnou formu budoucnosti. V rámci konceptu kolektivního obydlí vytvořil na základě studia bytového provozu a lidských potřeb také funkční model nejmenšího bytu. Projekt komunitního bydlení v kolektivních domech sdružených do samostatných městských okrsků se zakládal na utopické...
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The world-system theory by Immanuel Wallerstein
Holubec, Stanislav ; Petrusek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Müller, Karel (referee) ; Pešek, Jiří (referee)
In this thesis, the author deals with the World-system theory by I. W allerstein et al. In the first part, the theries are reconstructed and systematized. The circumstances of the developement of the theories are analyzed and the W oddsystem theory is shown from the perspective ofits structure and dynamics. The autor analyzes the development ofthe World-system at the time ofits existence and interprets the position of the particular regions in it. The World-system perspective is employed to interpret such trends as the rise ofWestem Europe and North America, the downfall and the following rise of Eastem Asia, the stagnation of South America and the downfall of Africa. The author also describes the dynamics and the structure oftoday's world from the World-system theory point ofview. In the second part, the author focuses on the critical interpretation and tries to put the World-system theories in the context of other sociological theories. He also compares the World-system theory with Marxism and the systemic approach. The most frequent critical objections to the World-system theories are systemized. Besides interpreting the past and the presence, the theories aim to predict the future development ofthe human society, which is criticized here. By showing other theories inspired by Wallerstein, the author...
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Simmel's work reflection in Bauman's writings
Nop, Michal ; Petrusek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Balon, Jan (referee)
Reflection of Sim m el's work in Baum an's writings This paper aims to compare the writings of Georg Simmel with the work of Zygmunt Bauman. It is checked up in which substantial areas, as well as sociological methods, Zygmunt Bauman has followed Georg Simmel. In the first chapter there is described the objective and methods of this thesis. In this paper an application of comparative method prevails. The examined phenomenon is decomposed into elementary components that are subsequently compared. Bauman appreciates Simmel especially for his way of writing; however, he follows him also in substantial matters. The use of sociological essay is typical of works of both authors. Both speak about intersubjectivity, not about objectivity. This is typical of post-modem authors. Simmel and Bauman use a concept of "social type" for their explanations. Both explain phenomena with the aid of ambivalence. Simmel and Bauman are both focused on the life in a metropolis. They delineate a way of life there, and try to show alienating consequences for a human being. In the second chapter of this paper I try to trace substantial forces that could influence a way of work of both authors, and furthermore, I try to discover similarities and differences. Both are Jews; for this reason they had often problems in their life...
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Forming the "cosmoworld" and finding its essence
Horáková, Klára ; Šmídová, Olga (advisor) ; Petrusek, Miloslav (referee)
This dissertation thesis on the issue "How Cosmoworld Forms and What It Is" deals with the formation and content of a magazine for young women named Cosmopolitan. The aim of this work is to ascertain, whether the type of the woman constructed by this magazine is the emancipated one, to uncover how the magazine defines itself or, put more aptly, how it helps to maintain traditional stereotypes attributed to womanhood. In the introduction, the author pursues the basic theoretical concept and methodological tools suitable to apply in analysing media like Cosmopolitan. The very research into the process of production of the magazine and its content is covered in the second part of the thesis. Using the means of discursive analysis, the author attempts to resolve the type of womanhood re/constructed by the magazine and to work out what are the backdrops or frames which the magazine sets womanhood in. Further, we see the author researching the very creation of the magazine (the ethnomethodological observation in the editorial office), identifying the rules followed in writing articles for Cosmopolitan. Having analysed the content of Cosmopolitan and the process of its production, the author has come to the conclusion that Cosmopolitan re/produces a woman who sees her liberation and emancipation in sexual freedom...
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