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Functions of Consciousness in Psychoanalysis and Analytical Psychology
Malimánek, Karel ; Kebza, Vladimír (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
Analysis of the most important functions of consciousness, considering its relations with unconsciousness in psychoanalysis and analytical psychology, is the goal of this thesis. The sources of the thesis are the tophographic and structural models of Sigmund Freud. These models enable analysing the functions of consciousness in the context of psyche structure from the psychoanalytical and psychodynamic point of view. Afterwards the thesis focuses on the extension and the functional autonomy of Ego within the structural subject theory known from authors like A. Freud, Hartmann, Brunner and others. These are the concepts of adaptation and Ego defensive functions especially. Carl Gustav Jung and his concept of the fully antonomous Ego is presented in the end of the theoretical part. The research project, that si being proposed in the very end of this thesis, deals with one of the Ego defense mechanisms - the repression. Keywords psychoanalysis, consciousness, ego, adaptation, defense mechanisms
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The sympathy and the antipathy in regard to women and men
Herlesová, Jitka ; Slaměník, Ivan (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
Experiencing the impression of a person that evokes a likable or not likable effect from the gender point of view. One of the most frequent impressions when meeting a hitherto unknown person is liking or not liking. This first impression is experienced in some way, it results in some behavior. At the same time (mostly without being aware of it) it unwinds from subjectively produced characteristics of a likably or not likably impressing person. We used the prototype approach to fmd out the idea of the likable or not likable man at lay public. In the following research phase we balanced the sample of participants from the gender point ofview. The participants judged on the five-point Likert - type scale the sign typicalness of experience, behavior, and persona! characteristics at the likable I not likable person. Statistical analysis of data proveď significant gender differences.
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Dreamwork in Gestalt therapy
Tláskalová, Pavlína ; Junková, Vendula (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
There are presented Gestalt dreamwork methods in this thesis. It describes Gestalt theoretical concepts relevant in work with dreams. Possible therapist's attitudes related to dreamwork are introduced. Qualitative research which maps practical application of dreamwork in Gestalt therapy practice has been carried out.
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Possibilities and Utilisation of Objective Personality Tests of the Vienna Tests System for Detection of Individual Risk-Tendency
Konrádová, Hana ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
The theoretical part of this thesis addresses key concepts related to the individual tendency to take risks - it introduces how this trait is embedded in the concept of personality, establishes essential theoretical issues related to risk and risk-tendency, as well as related important terms, research and authors in the field in question. The key issues, too, are methods of risk behaviour detection with emphasis on current trends in psychodiagnostics, thus in the following part the fields of computerized psychodiagnostics and of objective personality tests are discussed. The paper's empirical section is focused on the utilization of Vienna Test System (VTS) in this area. Objective personality tests used for detection of risk-tendency were analysed and validised using the SPARO method and data gained during interviews. Empirically produced results suggest that the validity of the methods used is equivocal. One of the main conclusions of this thesis, therefore, is that VTS methods' potential to determine risk behaviour seems to be rather limited and its further research should be conducted in the future. Keywords: risk, risk-tendency, personality, objective personality tests, computerized testing, Vienna Test System
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Projective techniques and work with symbols as a tool for personality development
Bobek, Milan ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
The work focuses on qualitative research of possibilities and limits of the use of picture cards symbols (including Tarot) that would serve the clients in coaching and therapy as a projective technique leading to their deeper self-knowledge and personal development. Respondents told their life story based on picture cards. We show here under what conditions this projective technique brought them new information and inspiration for their self- development, in what forms the method can be applied and what methodical procedures are most effective. The simple clients' description of the selected images did not bring them much substantially new. It began to be more inspirational for them when a consultant added targeted questions, his reflections and hypothetical interpretations, or even explained standard meanings of symbols. Then this technique started to speak to clients more and brought them new impulses. Even more inspiring for them it became, once an element of chance was incorporated - when they pulled out some cards at random. The thesis finally formulates detailed recommended general methodology for projective technique application for personal growth and discusses possibilities and limits of the use of projective methods in coaching, therapy and personal development seminars.
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Application of the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM-68) for coaching in the domain of quitting smoking
Šmejkalová, Andrea ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
This thesis is based on a succesfully defended master's thesis dealing with the possibility of using psychological coaching as a support method for smoking cessation. The theoretical section provides an overview of key information on the topics of coaching and smoking, with an emphasis primarily on the aspects applied in the qualitative research project, the description of which constitutes the content of the empirical section. On the basis of the author's preconceived original design which, in addition to the diagnostic and evaluation phases, comprised the essential stage of the three-month long coaching of nine smokers in different stages of the cessation process, the author sought to map the potential benefits, advantages and other aspects of the use of coaching as an innovative method, thusfar not commonly included among the established alternatives offered as smoking cessation intervention techniques. The main contribution of this thesis is a focus on The Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM-68) and its use in smoking cessation coaching. The whole process is illustrated by the newly introduced sample case study. Keywords: coaching, smoking, tobacco dependence, smoking cessation, quitting smoking, smoking dependence diagnostics, WISDM-68, The Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking...
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Emotional intelligence and its comparison among heterosexual and homosexual people
Jelínek, Jakub ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
The aim of the theoretical part of the thesis is emotional intelligence and the overview of changes in understanding this construct since its establishment. Furthermore, the thesis provides a summary of two significant models of emotional intelligence as well as a survey of existing means of its measurement and enumeration of studies focused on the connection between emotional intelligence and particular aspects of life. Finally, the theoretical part of the thesis explores the possibilities of developing emotional intelligence. The practical part uses quantitative research to analyse individual differences in emotional intelligence by comparing the levels of emotional intelligence between homosexual and heterosexual population. The findings revealed a significant difference between trait emotional intelligence of homosexual and heterosexual men. Moreover, the results also verify the difference in overall emotion regulation and emotion regulation strategy of emotion suppression between heterosexuals and homosexuals. The findings also support the claim that women have higher emotional intelligence than men and that the individuals who regard themselves as physically healthy have higher emotional intelligence than those who consider themselves as seriously ill. Keywords: Emotional intelligence,...
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The effect of cognitive training for schizofrenia or schizoaffective disorder
Nondek, Michal ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
The dissertation deals with effects of cognitive training on a group of 41 probands suffering with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. The twelve months research has covered several psychiatric facilities, where the cognitive training is carried out regularly. Trial method has been based upon a set of three questionnaires filled in by probands: DEX - (Dysexecutive Questionnaire), CFQ - (Cognitive Failures Questionnaire), EMQ - (Everyday Memory Questionnaire) and variant DEX and CFQ questionnaires, which has been filled in via phone interviews with family members or other significant persons. Experimental design test-retest has been applied. Subsequent statistical analysis of the data collected reveals a significant improvement after the training. This statistically significant positive effect has been shown by four of the five questionnaires used. As for the demographic characteristics, only the age of proband at the manifestation of illness correlates significantly with the positive effect of training (the latter age, the greater effect). Age, sex or education has no relationship with the effect of training for a given group of probands.
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Selected personality traits among non-alcoholic drug addicted
Kajuková, Barbora ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Šivicová, Gabriela (referee)
Závislost na návykových látkách je problémem celospolečenským, který se dotýká zdravotní i společenské oblasti lidského života. Nealkoholová toxikománie poškozuje lidský organismus jako celek, tj. jak jeho stránku somatickou, tak zvláště psychickou. Mnohdy ústí nejen v sebevražedné pokusy, ale i v dokonaná suicidia. Závislý na nealkoholových drogách často negativně ovlivňuje svou rodinu orientační, ale také, pokud nějakou má, rodinu prokreační. K selhání dochází také v profesionální oblasti života. Léčba závislých na nealkoholových drogách je dlouhá a náročná. V souvislosti s léčbou se nehovoří o úplném vyléčení, spíše o léčbě na celý život. Příčin vzniku závislosti je mnoho. V této práci jsme se soustředili na osobnostní vlastnosti, které mohou působit jako jeden z rizikových faktorů vzniku a rozvoje závislosti. Odhalení osobnostní struktury je důležité nejen pro včasnou prevenci, ale také v době léčby, kdy odhalení osobnostních vlastností může přispět ke zvolení vhodného způsobu terapie, či k odhalování situací, které mohou být klíčové pro vznik relapsu. Tato práce je kvůli přehlednosti rozdělena na část teoretickou a praktickou. V teoretické části se zaměřujeme na definici základních pojmů, naph'klad na syndrom závislosti, definici drog. Zabýváme se také situací v ČR, kde stále dochází ke zvyšování...
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Effective Treatment of Violent Offenders with Personality Disorder wihin the Penitentiary Custody
Jiřička, Václav ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Boukalová, Hedvika (referee) ; Sochůrek, Jan (referee)
This paper addresses the question of whether individual delinquent behaviour, or criminogenic risks that lead to it, can be reduced for convicted violence offenders with personality disorder, using the newly developed offence-oriented therapeutic program TERČ ("TARGET"). If so, how will these changes manifest in the recidivism rate, and how they will reflect the personality characteristics of inmates. TARGET was first systematically applied within a special treatment unit for prisoners with mental and behavioral disorders in Liberec Remand Prison in 2008. It is based on selected elements of the Ambulant intensive program (AIP) from Switzerland. A total of 100 convicts were entered TARGET from 2008 to 2015. 65 individuals completed the program successfully, and 57 were released again. The already released graduates of TARGET re-offended within 12 months in 10.4%. Of all admitted TARGET participants, a total of 30.2% either relapsed or failed during the program since 2009. Graduates showed positive, statistically significant changes in the monitored areas of life satisfaction, emotional stability, insight, self-control and aggression, while on scales representing personality disorder no positive, statistically significant effect was observed. For later re-offending prisoners, the changes were...
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