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Crack propagation in strongly bonded Al2O3/ZrO2 laminates
Hadraba, Hynek ; Chlup, Zdeněk ; Maca, K. ; Bermejo, R.
Crack propagation through layered composites based on Al2O3 and ZrO2 was studied. The strongly bonded laminates with single-component layers (A/Z) and laminates with two-component (AtZ/AmZ) layers were prepared via electrophoretic deposition and slip casting respectively. Laminates of different pre-defined thicknesses and composition contained different magnitudes of residual stress. Cracks, produced by an indentation technique, propagated in direction to layer interfaces deflected towards the interface in the compressed layers and away from the interface in the layers containing tension stress. Changes in the direction of crack propagation for the whole range of angles of incidence (0° - 90°) were described. The biggest change in the crack propagation was observed for the angle of incidence 45° for A/Z systems and 32.5° for AtZ/AmZ systems and was ca. 15° and 20° respectively. The change in the crack propagation was independent on magnitude of residual stress in the layers.
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Issues in the research of visual space perception: The geometry of visual space, relationship between the spatial descriptors, and the metric vs. ordinal data
Šimeček, Michal ; Šikl, Radovan
In the article, the authors summarize the main results of their research activity in the field of visual space perception. In the particular experimental projects, they focused on the relationship between the partial spatial descriptors in the process of forming the complex three-dimensional percept. Also, the geometry of the optical space was dealt in with respect to the Euclidean geometry of the physical space. The principle finding concerns the notion of anisotropic curvature of visual space. Finally, the question of plausibility of experiments requiring the perceptual judgements as expressed in metrical units (Euclidean tasks) was raised. The reason for this approach being used is to gather data directly comparable with the physical properties of space. On the other hand, in Euclidean tasks, the ecological validity of knowledge gained is inevitably limited and the danger of intrusion of nonperceptual factors is pervasive.
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The role of oxygen radicals in the early phase of exposure to hypoxia in the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension
Lachmanová, Věra ; Herget, Jan (advisor) ; Geršl, Vladimír (referee) ; Neckář, Jan (referee)
A pulmonary vascular bed is low-pressure system at adult subjects. Pulmonary vessels react to hypoxia by two different processes. These are hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) and hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH). They differ in mechanism of origin, but there seems to be important role of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. It was assumed in the past that HPV is isolated reaction of small pulmonary arteries to acute hypoxia and HPH to chronic hypoxia. Recently we believe that HPH is developed on the basis HPV (Crossno, Garat et al. 2007) and remodelation of peripheral pulmonary vessels (Reid 1986). Our main task was to learn, whether antioxidants given in the early phase of exposure to hypoxia influence pulmonary hypertension more than its late administration, in the period of already developed damage of pulmonary vessels. We have used N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) as an antioxidant substance. We measured changes in resistance of pulmonary vascular bed, changes of reactivity of pulmonary vessels in dependence on concentration of oxygen in the inhalated air. Measurements were performed on the model of rat isolated perfused lungs. In addition we have observed influence of the early and late treatment of NAC on the pulmonary artery pressure at rats kept in hypoxic conditions. Our results show that...
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The role of ATM in breast cancer
Soukupová, Jana ; Pohlreich, Petr (advisor) ; Souček, Pavel (referee) ; Foretová, Lenka (referee)
Incidence of breast cancer is continuously increasing in the Czech Republic. Tumor development is a result of gene alterations'accumulation, particulary associated with genes involved in regulation of cell growth and division. Hereditary carcinomas account for approximately 5-10% of all breast tumors and in 60-80% cases are caused by a germline mutation in the major predisposition genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. Nevertheless, other genes, mostly of lower penetrance, may play a role in breast pathogenesis such as the ATM tumor-suppressor gene. ATM is the apex of the repair pathway of DSB. This protein kinase activates through phosphorylation of its substrates cell cycle checkpoints, which leads either to the delay of the cell cycle progression until DSB are repaired or to the promotion of apoptosis. To sum up, the ATM gene seems to have a role in breast cancer development in a minority of the high-risk families in our population which is significantly lower compared to BRCA1/2 and it also seems to be involved in pathogenesis of sporadic breast cancer. Despite the ATM gene's length, we do not perform the preventive screening of this gene in breast cancer high-risk families. Nevertheless, we offer the molecular diagnostics of ATM to ataxia telangiectasia patients.
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The global reflection of private pension pillars and its economic impacts
Červenka, Michal ; Jílek, Josef (advisor) ; Šimíček, Petr (referee)
The main addressed question of this thesis is whether international experiences indicate that private pension pillar contributes to the profitability and stability of pension system and economic development. Firstly, global private pension pillar is characterized. Its long term return is estimated from derived virtual portfolio. Following Aaron-Samuelson principle, it is calculated notional return of global public pension pillar. Comparing returns of both pillars, there is slightly higher return of private pension pillar, but considering variability, entailing risk, the public pension pillar becomes favorable. Moreover, combination of both pillar doesn't seem to be effective since both returns are well correlated. Next section of the thesis deals with economic effects of private pension pillar on labor market. Simple correlation doesn't proof a positive linking of private pension pillar's contribution magnitude and labor activity, expressed as an average annual working time of population in productivity age. Subsequent analysis of private pension pillar's outlook in selected countries illustrates unfulfilled expectations of participants in private pension pillars. Reflecting all particular findings, it wasn't confirmed that private pension pillars substantially contribute to profitability and stability of pension system and performance of economy.
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Econometric Analysis of the Main Determinants of Austrian Foreign Trade
Davidová, Lucie ; Sedláček, Jiří (advisor) ; Chrobok, Viktor (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the main determinants of Austrian imports by estimating the import function. The analysis of the data from 1995--2011 implies great openness of the economy, strong orientation at machinery industry, Germany (40 %) and other EU-countries (other 35 %). I have employed a linear log-log model estimated by OLS. Consequently, I have obtained a triple of estimated import functions -- a general one, one for year 2011 in particular, and the last one for the top ten Austrian importers. There is a significant positive impact of partner's GDP (0.81--1.42), common language (1.1--2.3) and contiguity (0.4--2.7). On contrary, we observe an inverse relationship of imports with distance (0.9--1.1) and trade barriers (0.3--0.8). Considering similarities between Austrian and Czech economies, we can deduct similar implications for economic and trade policies.
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Karel Šlenger. Soul of the painter-outsider as a guide through his life and work
Šiklová, Lucie ; Lahoda, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Wittlich, Petr (referee)
Karel Slenger za svuj zivot vytvofil malifske dilo citajici neskutecnych nekolika tisicu polozek, a to od del minimalnich rozmeru po velkoplosne monumenty. Podle svedectvi Josefa Hirsala udelal i par soch na tema zeny, takove dlouhe ienske postavyl85. Jednalo se o sadrove zfejme odlitky, v nadzivotni velikosti.Vzhledem k osudu autodidakta musel vYtvarne techniky i pfistupy zvladnout sam. Osvojil si metody a vyraz mnoha umeleckych smeru. Najdeme u nej stopy vedouci k Picassovi, a to jak tYkajici se neoklasicismu, tak i, byf okrajove kubismu. Nelze fici, ze je zcela nedotcen surrealismem, ktery u nej v jeho imaginativni podoM, (coz je charakteristicke prave pro neskolene malife) v par urcitYch momentech take potkavame. Staromistrovstvi potkal jiz v Louvru, vzdyt' prvni zkusenosti a poueeni si pfivazi z Pafize. Nejpatrnejsi je jeho poznamenarn tzv. Pafizskou skolou, jejiz ohlasy provazi celou jednu vy-razovou polohu dila. Charakteristicky je pro nej smutek techto velkych Pafizanu - pfistehovalcu zidovskeho puvodu do Pafize poeatku minuleho stoleti. Na tomto miste vy-znamneji vystupuje puvodem Litevec Chaim Soutine, jehoz portrety a zatisi jsou silne expresivni a zivelne deformovane, a v mnohem tedy blizke Slengrovym. Expresivni momenty jsou u nej velmi silne, jeho potfeba pfevezt dusi na platno pfekraeuje ve...
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Architecture and Urbanism in Turnov in 1900-1938
Ulbrych Pavienská, Petra ; Novotná, Eva (advisor) ; Rakušanová, Marie (referee)
RESUMÉ Architektura a urbanismus v Turnově v letech 1900-1938 Autor: Petra Ulbrych Pavienská Zmapováním architektury a urbanismu, v tomto směru dosud opomíjeného města, které vzhledem ke své velikosti dosáhlo značného ekonomického růstu, byl potvrzen individuální charakter regionu s jeho závislostí na přírodních a kulturně historických podmínkách. Na základě širších souvislostí je v práci zmapována veřejná i soukromá turnovská architektura mezi léty 1900-1938 a je sestaven katalog výrazných realizací včetně popisu a případného stylového zařazení. U většiny staveb jsou nastíněny okolnosti jejich vzniku s dobovými reakcemi, což nám napomohlo k pochopení smýšlení a mentality občanů Turnova. V rámci badatelské činnosti jsou rovněž odkryty některé nové skutečnosti, jako například přiřazení nerealizovaných Chocholových plánů k obchodnímu domu Hermana a Palmy. Pohled turnovských stavitelů a architektů na soudobé umělecké dění v centrech české architektury byl vnímavý a citlivý, nestačil ovšem k tomu, aby prostřednictvím jejich tvorby vznikaly pokrokové myšlenky, nebo aby alespoň participovali na aktuálních myšlenkách doby. Nová cítění v dispozici, prostoru, konstrukci a tvaru rozvíjeli často se zpožděním, svým osobitým pojetím. Jen zlomkovou část realizací tvořila jednoduchá puristicko-funkcionalistická...
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Wall shear stress and its role in progress of atherosclerosis
Chytilová, Eva ; Malík, Jan (advisor) ; Horký, Karel (referee) ; Piťha, Jan (referee)
Atherosclerosis is associated with systemic risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and smoking. Nonetheless, atherosclerosis is a focal disease, preferentially affecting predisposed areas. The main local hemodynamic factor is wall shear stress, the frictional force acting tangencially on the endothelial cell surface. The effect of wall shear stress depends on its magnitude and direction, as well as on the characteristic of vessel geometry and blood flow. Wall shear stress is an important determinant of endothelial function and phenotype. Previous research showed that arterial sites with chronically low WSS are more prone to the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Mostly, it is the case of outer wall of arterial bifurcations, where the stroma of vessel wall prevents arterio-constriction in response to low WSS. However, lower WSS was described also in straight arterial segments, such as carotid arteries, in the presence of atherosclerosis risk factors.
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Research on religious knowledge among Christians in the area of Ceska Lipa
Škola, Ivo ; Eliáš, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Matějek, Marek (referee)
Anglická anotace Ivo Skola: Research on religious knowledges among Christians in area of Ceska Lipa Bachelor work This bachelor work is focused on preparation, process and way of elaboration of the research on primary religious knowledges. On the basis of available theological literature there were determined primary theological knowledges for a purpose of elaboration of a file of questions that were processed in a questionnaire after a confirmation of a small group of believers. The questions were chosen from these theological areas: Testimony, liturgy and time, sacraments, the secret of the Trinitanian God and Mariology. There is an emphasis on intelligibility of the questions and speed of processing the questionnaire by respondents. Selection of believers was realized from the practising Christians in selected parishes in Ceska Lipa, Novy Bor and Cvikov. The selected parishes come under diocese of Litomerice. The aim of this work was to verify levels of religious knowledges in definite area on selected group of people and subsequent comparison of mutual relations realized by the investigation. The clerical staff of the selected parishes will be notified about results of the research. Five key words: Primary religious knowledges Testimony Sacraments Spiritual community Questionnaire
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