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Cognitive deficit in schizophrenia and animal models of the disease
Svojanovská, Barbora ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Vrajová, Monika (referee)
Cognitive deficit is a characteristic symptom of schizophrenia, which occurs in most of the cases. We can use animal models for better understanding of schizophrenia and to find possible treatment. As subjects of animal models are often used rats and mice, which can be administered various drugs (used to treat schizophrenia), or newly synthesized substances. The final effect is observed in different conditions. By blocking NMDA (N-methyl-D- aspartate), dopamine and serotonin receptors, we can model cognitive deficit. Thanks to the lesion in a particular area of the brain, specific parts involved in the deficit can be detected. The cognitive functions are often associated with hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. This thesis describes a theories of development of schizophrenia and relevant animal models. It also shows that research of cognitive deficits using animal models facilitates the development of appropriate drugs without adverse side effects. Key words: schizophrenia, animal models, cognitive deficit, memory, attention, spatial navigation
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Piano teaching methods, their preferences and negatives
KONOPLEVA, Tatyana
The thesis deals with the beginnings of learning to play the piano and its methodological specifics. It describes a method in the form of games as an effective way of teaching preschoolers and younger school children, as well as shaping their gaming system and influence the psychological aspect, which is important for ensuring that the actual teaching and follow more advanced stages, without gambling corrections or repairs.
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Attention in preschool children
Černá, Veronika ; Trpišovská, Dobromila (advisor) ; Viktorová, Ida (referee)
English abstrakt The main task of the thesis is to identify and measure the attention of children of preschool age. It is divided into two parts. Theoretical part, which is devoted to the definition of attention, provides a comprehensive overview of the history beginning with the issue, describes the different types, characteristics, attention disorders and conditions affecting the attention. An integral part is a description of the preschool child and work with children of preschool age. The second part of the research, then engaged in empirical research with preschool children. Children in kindergarten were placed on various characteristics of the tests of attention. These tests were then evaluated and processed. Were investigated differences in tasks between children and between the three established groups of children Bachelor thesis aims to answer the question, what are the differences between the four-year, five year old and six year old children and compares the performance and level of awareness among different groups of children. Key words: attention, attention characteristics, pre-school children
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Ecological validity research of Attention test
Bláhová, Lucie ; Preiss, Marek (advisor) ; Rendl, Miroslav (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the issue of attention research, mainly from the neuropsychological point of view. It is an empirical study divided into two parts: The first theoretical part introduces the history of attention research, defines attention and presents the current theories of attention: Broadbent's Filter model, The Feature-Integration theory from Anne Treisman, David LaBerge's theory and Michael Posner's concept of attention. The second part of the work, the empirical part, is based on the discussed concept of attention, mainly from neuropsychologist Michael Posner. The purpose of the research study is to explore the ecological validity of Michael Posner's attention test - Attention network test (ANT). The following questionnaires were chosen as the methods for measuring the real-life attention: CFQ (Cognitive failure questionnaire), EMQ (Everyday memory questionnaire) and DEX (Dysexecutive questionnaire). The results of the study did not confirm the significant statistical correlation between results in Attention Network Test and scores in self-reported questionnaires, but the bachelor thesis' contribution's to ecological validity research can still be seen. KEYWORDS: Attention, Attention research, Ecological validity, ANT, Cognitive failure
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Physical activity of children with motor difficulties
Kokštejn, Jakub ; Psotta, Rudolf (advisor) ; Zelinková, Olga (referee) ; Sigmund, Erik (referee)
Bibliographic identification Name and surname of the author: Mgr. Jakub Kokštejn Name of the dissertation: Physical activity of children with motor difficulties Workplace: Department of Sports Games Supervisor of the work: Doc. PaedDr. Rudolf Psotta, Ph.D. Year of presentation: 2011 Abstract Objective: Current knowledge of developmental disorders in motor skills of school children suggest potential negative impacts on the development of the personality of the child in the mental, social psychological and behavioural areas and also in the area of competence at school. Very little is known about how an insufficient level of motor skills of a child can limit his/her physical activity. This work was performed to discover whether developmentally determined motor deficit in children of older school age is a risk factor for lower physical activity (PA) and whether the attention of the child has a mediation function in the relationship between the level of motor skills and his/her physical activity. Methods: The research was based on analytical-descriptive examination of the motor skills of children, their physical activity in weekly regimes and the attention level, with subsequent comparison of children with a motor deficit (MD) and children without MD, through correlation analysis and analysis of the mediative...
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Attention in preschool children
Černá, Veronika ; Trpišovská, Dobromila (advisor) ; Viktorová, Ida (referee)
English abstrakt The work has the task to identify and measure attention in preschool children and its possible influence development practice. It is divided into two parts. The theoretical part, which is drawn to the attention, provides a comprehensive overview of the history beginning with the problem, describes the different types, characteristics, attention disorders and conditions affecting attention. An integral part is a description of the Early Childhood and work with children of preschool age. The second part of the research is then engaged in empirical research with children in kindergarten and continuing for one school year. Children were awarded for various characteristics of the tests of attention and their development was investigated. The aim of this work is determine the current level of achievement in the field of attention, the group's performance compared to four years and five children, and determine the potential impact of practice on the development of attention. Key words: attention, attention characteristics, pre-school children
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Values, models and ideals of the youth
Čermáková, Markéta ; Koťa, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Poláčková, Věra (referee)
Values, models and ideals of the youth. Bachelor thesis. Prague: Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, Department of Education, 2010, 59 pages. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to describe the circumstances of the impact of family, enviroment, media and society at values, models and ideals of youth. Klíčová
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Ohníček;changes in structure of magazine and in text characteristics between 1950-2001
Semecký, Jiří ; Končelík, Jakub (advisor) ; Wolák, Radim (referee)
The undergraduate thesis entitled "Časopis Ohníček: kvantitativní obsahová analýza vybraných pozornostních prvků 1950-2001" (Ohníček Journal: Content analysis of representation of selected attention-catching features in 1950-2001) deals with representation and role of visual attention-catching features in a children's printed periodical. The thesis describes a brief history and context of publishing the journal and with sensory perception of human organism with stress on visual perception, in connection with the process of attracting inadvertent as well as intentional attention. By means of quantitative content analysis it attempts at capturing the development of extent of representation of selected features with graphic significance in the journal, in particular of headlines and pictorial components, which immediately affect visual perception of the recipient and which are thus endowed with the largest potential to capture inadvertent attention through orienting responses. Such inadvertent attention may subsequently transform into intentional attention on the basis of the level of meeting individual expectations and interests. External form of respective contributions thus assists in awakening interest in their content. The development of the selected attention- capturing features is monitored...
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Effect of cognitive task in postural sway of patiens with phobic postural vertigo
Urbanová, Lucie ; Čakrt, Ondřej (advisor) ; Truc, Michal (referee)
Diploma thesis "Effect of cognitive task in postural sway of patiens with phobic postural vertigo" in its theoretical part discusses physiology of balance system, its disorders and summarizes knowledge of phobic postural vertigo. In experimental section we analyzed postural stability of 5 patients with phobic postural vertigo, 5 patients with structural lesion of vestibular system and 5 healthy subjects with posturography during normal stence and while performing cognitive tasks - "Contact test", Verbal Fluency task and modified Stroop test. The goal of this study was to find out whether postural stability of subjects differs while performing cognitive tasks in comparison with normal stance. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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