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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Kasalová, Zdislava ; Škrha, Jan (advisor) ; Piťha, Jan (referee) ; Kittnar, Otomar (referee)
Diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolaemia and arterial hypertension are the best known risk factors of atherosclerosis- the most common macrovascular disease. The aim of our work was to asses influence of this risk factors on microcirculation. We supposed, that the smallest vessels are the most sensitive to the noxious influence and that microvascular disorder will be early indicator of vascular impairment. Our work has shown, that risk factors influence on microcirculation is completely different, in the contrast with relatively uniform influence on macrovaslular level. Diabetes mellitus presents two completely different entities, from the microvascular point of view. Pathogenesis of microvascular and macrovascular complications in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the same- it is the long- term hyperglycaemia, but it's influence on microvascular reactivity is completelly different. In Type 1 diabetic patients, microvascular reactivity impairment develops later, and it is in correlation with presence and severity of the most common microvascular complication- peripheral neuropathy. On the contrary, in Type 2 diabetes mellitus microvascular reactivity impairment occures in early stage of this dissease and is not connected with presence and severity of peripheral neuropathy. In patients with...
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Quality of Life of patients with chronic renal failure treated with peritoneal dialysis
Vrágová, Eliška ; Mahrová, Andrea (advisor) ; Beran, Jiří (referee)
Title: Quality of life of patients with chronic renal failure treated with peritoneal dialysis. Objectives: Evaluate quality of life of patients with chronic renal failure treated with peritoneal dialysis. Propose possible ways to improve quality of life of peritoneally dialysed patients using movement activities. Methods: A total of 25 peritoneally dialysed patients of the PD ambulance of the 1st Clinic of Internal Medicine of the Faculty Hospital in Pilsen took part in the survey. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was evaluated using standardized questionnaires WHOQOL-BREF, WHOQOL-100, SF-36 and KDQOL-SFTM . The work and functional anamnesis questionnaire was made to evaluate the amount of movement activities that had been carried out. Results: We have noticed significantly better evaluation in WHOQOL-BREF in the domain aimed to evaluate the quality of life from the point of view of living conditions in comparison with healthy population. On the one hand, the quality of life in the domain of physical health is worse than in the healthy population, but on the other hand, it is better than in patients treated with haemodialysis. The ability to take care of their everyday needs (i.e. domain of independence) was considered the most important by the interviewed patients. In HRQOL evaluation using...
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není uveden
Soukup, Viktor ; Babjuk, Marek (advisor) ; Mareš, Jaroslav (referee) ; Novák, Jaroslav (referee)
Immunohistochemical examination of microvascular density can be an additional prognostic factor in patients with superficial urinary bladder carcinoma, nevertheless, more extensive studies need to be carried out. Maximal microvascular density correlated with a recurrence free interval and in a case of bigger group of patients could be statistically significant. The statistical correlation between MVD and a nuclear p53 accumulation is that significant that we assume the p53 importance in the angiogenesis regulation of superficial urinary bladder carcinoma. The p53 positivity in non-tumor mucosa of urinary bladder in patients with superficial bladder cancer correlates with higher risk of tumor recurrence. According to our results the reason of urinary bladder carcinoma multifocality is genetic instability present in the whole urothelium at the time of tumor diagnosis. The PAX5 gene expression is a frequent finding in superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. From the prognostic point of view, high levels of PAX5 expression seem to be connected with higher recurrence and progression rates. The extent of lamina propria invasion seems to be a clinically relevant prognostic factor for progression of T1 bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Finding T1b tumor is connected with the risk of understaging....
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Perioperative care from the point of view of a nurse anaesthetist
Vyskočilová, Jitka ; Schneiderová, Michaela (advisor) ; Dostálková, Šárka (referee) ; Machalová, Iva (referee)
Author: Jitka Vyskočilová Department: Institute of Social Medicine Charles University in Prague Fakulty of Medicine in Hradec Králové. Department of nursing Title of thesis: Perioperative care from the point of view of a nurse anaesthetist Consultant: PhDr. Michaela Schneiderová Number of pages: 85 Number of appendices: 3 Session: 2010 Key words: Anaesthesia, patient, perioperative, nurse, care SUMMARY: Bachelor thesis "Perioperative care from the point of view of a nurse anaesthetist" presents a perioperative period as a part of comprehensive medical care. The theoretical part of the theses introduces a role of a nurse anaesthetist as a participant in perioperative care. There is described required operating theatre equipment as well as preparation of patients and care before, during and after anaesthesia. A focus of the theses is an empirical part based on a quantitative research realized by non- standardized questionnaire research. The research records sequence of care for patients, a level of cooperation and possible risks for patients during a perioperative period. Fifty respondents from nurse anaesthetist community took part in the research in August 2010; 25 of respondents work in Faculty Hospital Královské Vinohrady Prague; 25 of respondents work in Faculty Hospital Brno.
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Tick-born aseptic meningoencephalitis and recovery of the patients to everyday life
JAROŠOVÁ, Eva
Tick-born meningo-encephalitis is a severe viral infectious disorder of central nervous system with growing prevalence.The various symptoms are present not only in the acute phase of the disease but also during the recovery phase and are quite often the cause for long term job disability. In my assignment I aim to map the influence on the quality of life for patients with tick-born meningo-encephalitis and the impact on the physical health as well as on the psychological, social and spiritual area. The aim is also to find the time interval needed for the return to common daily activities in correlation to the patient status before the onset of the disease and also to course of the disease. Last but not least I want also to find if the patients were vaccinated and in case of negative answer the reason for not being vaccinated. In correlation to the research goals the following questions were defined: 1.Which area was the most impacted by the disease: physical health,psychological,social or spiritual? 2.How long is the interval needed to come back to common daily activities? Is one year enough and was the health status before disease onset important determinant for the recovery? 3.Were the patients aware of the possibility for vaccination and what was the reason for negative attitude to this option? In this bachelor assignment the qualitative research was chosen using the technique of semi structured interview. The meningo-encephalitis disease has a significant impact on the physical health and from the holistic point of view it affects also the psychological, social and spiritual area. The various areas like the job and occupation, family interactions and free time activities are changed for certain time period. This means a lot of difficulties and problems not only in the personal or social life but also of economical nature thus being potentially existential issue. Apparently most responders have changed the perception of their quality of life.
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Child Sexual Abuse Syndrome
Špinková, Tereza ; Krahulcová, Beáta (advisor) ; Stretti, Sylvie (referee)
Thesis CSA syndrome in children, examines current issues of sexual abuse and its consequences. The theoretical section deals with the history of sexual abuse, contemporary view on this issue and the legal treatment of offenders and victims. Furthermore, thesis acquaints readers with various types of sexual abuse and marginally with commercial abuse. The aim of the research in the practical section of the thesis is to ascertain the level of awarness of students in this issues, together with their own personal experience concerning sexual abuse and whether they have any sexually abused person in their vicinity. The quantitative research was conducted at the elementary school Drtinova.
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Resting energy expenditure by polytraumatic patients.
Tichá, Veronika ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Havel, Eduard (referee)
Critically ill patients are characterized by an increased catabolic response, a hypermetabolic state, higher nutritional requirements and a decreased capacity for utilization of parenteral substrate. Measurement of energetic expenditure in critically ill patients is necessery to determine the optimal nutritional support which is individual for everyone patient with the view of contribute to recovery, to prevent possible complications of overfeeding or underfeeding and reduce the hospitalization period. Energy expenditure was measured in two intervals by indirect calorimetry in 12 polytrauma patients (mean age 32 years ± 16 years) in the intensive care unit at FN HK. The hypermetabolic state of patients was evaluated from the ratio of REE/BEE (REE regarding basal energy expenditure calculated on the basis of the Harris-Benedict equation) and was also evaluated utilization of substrates. Resting energy expenditure during the first examination was on average 2195 kcal/d ± 665,8 kcal/d, at the second examination of 2031 kcal/d ± 590,9 kcal/d. Between measurements was no statistically significant difference. Mean REE/BEE was 122,3 % ± 27,44 %, 118,5 % ± 23,15 %, respectively. Respiratory quotient has an average around 0,81, which indicates a preferential utilization of proteins. The large loss of...
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Psychological aspects of amniocentesis
Skutilová, Vladana ; Šulová, Lenka (referee) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (advisor)
Genetical counselling represents complex activity with multidisciplinar overlap. Most of patients are pregnant women who usually pass amniotic fluid sampling. The aim of this diploma work is to describe these womens behaviour and feelings on the basis of chosen aspects. The text is divided into twelve chapters Theoretical part presents surveyed problems from two poits of view - psychological and medical. It describes indication to invasive prenatal nealth check, thereinafter it talks about most frequented chromosomal deficiency which can be exposed by karyotypisation. Further it talks about the doctor and patinet's realition and about aspects of genetical counselling as well as about ethical aspects of prenatal diagnostics. On the basis of questionaire results, empirical part presents feelings, behaviour and attitudes of women to prenatal health check within in process. Thereinafter it shows and verify which factors influence women's far of health check results.
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Configuration of factors influencing the formation of addiction in adolescents
Brotánková, Tereza
This thesis concerns the problems of the juvenile drug-addicts, who were ordered preliminary ruling or undertaking in-patient treatment by the Court. The object of the thesis involves realization of the configuration of the factors, which has led to drug abuse by six juvenile persons. Furthermore, it points out the possibilities and risks of intervention from the state authorities and institutions in case of occurance of behaviour disorder and negative phenomenons of the social development of a child. From the methodological point of view the matter concerns the qualitative approach whereby the methods of gaining of the data have involved interviews, work with the documents and observation. The data have been analyzed by means of descriptive approach, the method of creating of the tufts and the method of retrieval and distinguishing of the relationships. The interpretation has run in three phases. The first phase involved processing of the collected data in order to distinguish the basic categories and subcategories of the analysis, during the second phase the whole life-experience of the juvenile drugaddicts in the form of the case study has been performed, during the third phase the case studies are being discussed with the existing "Profiles" of the drugaddicts. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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