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Subjective and Objective Reasons in Ethics
Šolarová, Anna ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
This text explores the question of reasons for morality and the related issues, particularly the nature and the source of moral motivation. First, I elaborate the metaphysical distinction between subjective and objective, which concerns the status of moral reasons and the extent to which a human agent in involved in their genesis. Next, I raise some questions about moral motivation and I introduce briefly some contemporary views on these issues. Major part of the work is dedicated to the exposition of Kierkegaard's position, which combines subjective motivation for ethics (avoidance of personally perceived symptoms of despair) and objectively grounded reasons for morality (sin). Philosophers interested in moral motivation typically look for fundamental moral principles and compelling arguments in favour of being moral, but Kierkegaard turns the attention of his readers to the task of their own selves. His pseudonyms do not look for an objective moral principle, they show why the ethical life-view is essential for attainment of true selfhood. In this work, I compare some contemporary accounts of moral motivation to Kierkegaard's, I comment critically on some interpretations of Kierkegaard and differentiate between different aspects of reason for choosing the ethical life, implied in his pseudonymous...
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Embedding the approach to war reporting
Folta, Adam ; Marjanovič, Teodor (advisor) ; Osvaldová, Barbora (referee)
In this bachelor thesis called Embedding the approach to war reporting I would like to bring coherent material about embedding. The first part of the text will cover the historical setting of embedding in context. It roots into the ancient times and through World War I. or Vietnam War the text terminates with Ukrainan crisis. Another part of the work will bring information about objectivity whether embedding shows complete and comlex reporting. If is it true that journalist, who spent a time with troops, will be affected by the troops, thus the objectivity will turn up a dilemma.. In the bachelors thesis I would like to present principle of journalist ethics, which are usefull for being in a conflict or crisis situation. The legislation is also part of the text and it is connected with rules, which have to be followed by embed. These rules are part of the bigger concept of ISAF organization. Another part of my bachelor thesis involves an attitude of Czech army and shows how Czech system works. In the practical part of the work I will publish the transcript of three interviews with journalists like František Šulc, Michal Kubal and Teodor Marjanovič. These journalists were embedded with Czech and American troops in the Second Gulf War in 2003, and during operations in Afghanistan. In my bachelor...
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Journal Echo24
Schoberová, Kristýna ; Osvaldová, Barbora (advisor) ; Trunečka, Ondřej (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with online daily news journal Echo24. This web site has been quite newly created. The work focuses on interesting and unusual terms of its creation. The owners, authors and editors of this project are presented, too. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with advantages and disadvantages of online journalism in comparison with printed media. It also mentions different points of view on journalistic objectivity, its individual parts and means of research. The goal of the practical part is to compare Echo24 with other wholly-online news concerning other points than their readers' opinion. This study is also concerned with the form of presenting information taking in account one of the news values - objectivity. It also deals with the space provided for criticized subjects to justify, because it is one of the impartiality indicators. The bachelor's thesis is completed with a questionnaire investigating awareness of different public groups about the project and its impartiality
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Objectivity of gymnasts' achievements judging in relation by Code of Points Men's Artistic Gymnastics changes
Chrudimský, Jan ; Novotná, Viléma (advisor) ; Pavlík, Josef (referee) ; Strešková, Elena (referee)
Title: Objectivity of gymnasts' achievements judging in relation by Code of Points Men's Artistic Gymnastics changes The problem of our work is an objectivity of gymnastics way of ranking or judging. Analysis of results reached at chosen men's artistic gymnastics competition and also a method of gymnastics judging was used for solving purpose of our thesis. The evaluation of gymnasts achievements are realized by referees according to Code of Points (CoP) Men's Artistic Gymnastics (MAG), which are periodically changed. The purpose was verify possibility of determination degree of objectivity judging gymnastic performances in relation to changes rules of men's artistic gymnastics realized in years 2006, 2009, 2013 through analysis of gymnastics results in seniors and juniors categories reached on important international competitions. We used methods and techniques of statistical description for ordinal data; Sign test; Wilcoxon test; contingency table and sign diagram for contingency table. For evaluation rate of interrater concordance referees of panel "B" or "E" we used ICC and Pearson's correlation coefficient. For evaluation of bilateral discriminability of reached gymnastics results we used SEM and calculation of Critical Differences. In connection with changes of CoP MAG on monitored period...
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Radical interpretation, truth, objectivity
Vašíček, Jan ; Koťátko, Petr (advisor) ; Marvan, Tomáš (referee)
Nobody can be wrong in majority of his beliefs about the world. What reasons has Donald Davidson for this claim? This paper is concerned with the connection between three important topics in Davidson's thought - radical interpretation, truth and objectivity. The experiment of radical interpretation is supposed to show the basic conditions of communication. On the basis thus provided, it will be possible to show, after a short summary of flaws in other theories, why we can talk about objective and non-epistemic truth. The relation between truth and knowledge can be specified by the same token. By means of inquiring into the way of how contents of our beliefs emerge, thoughts about the objective world will be shown to fundamentally depend on the social basis of intercommunicating people. This will also contain Davidson's argument against global scepticism. Using firstly the not entirely satisfying "omniscient interpreter" example and then the concept of triangulation, it will be specified what sense has objectivity for Davidson and to which extent is it justified to label him as realist.
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Media Representation of the Bombing of Kosovo in 1999 in Slovak Newspapers
Záhoráková, Barbora ; Šafařík, Petr (advisor) ; Šindelář, Jan (referee)
Bachelor's thesis deals with media cover of NATO operation in 1999 in former Yugoslavia in Slovak journals SME and Slovak Republic. It examines news texts of journals from 25. 3. 1999 until 23. 4. 1999 by quantitative content analysis and analysis of objectivity and its violation. It tries to find out if mentioned journals informed about bombing of Kosovo objectively. Bachelor's thesis concerns with the conflict among Serbs and Albanians and aerial intervention of NATO, it characterizes a function of media and criterion of objectivity. It focuses on the political situation in Slovakia at the time of conflict as well. In the next part it goes through the analysis of chosen media and finds out that informing of journals SME and Slovak Republic was not in balance and showed the political favor.
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Transformations of the evening news Události and regional news of ČT since 2007 to 2012
Bednářová, Martina ; Jirák, Jan (advisor) ; Trampota, Tomáš (referee)
The main aim of the master thesis Transformations of the evening news Události and regional news of ČT since 2007 to 2012 was to introduce news in context of normative theories, television news in context of Czech Republic, their development and current conditions. Theoretical frame of the thesis was political economy of communication, outlining the background of news production, and contributing to understand news issues. Essential part of the thesis was the combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis used as a tool for examining news objectivity at evening and regional news of public television Česká televize since 2007 to 2012, its development and differences between evening and regional news. Objectivity was researched through relevance and uncovering bias by visual balance and neutral presentation. It was found that evening news Události dedicate most of the time to foreign, occasional and political events, 35 % of news showed elements of siding, for example by dramatization, possible reality distortion and using expressive expressions. In terms of regional Brno's news Události v regionech it was found that the highest relevance was assigned to points of interest news and local news, 17 % of news showed elements of siding using mostly evaluative expressions. In case of evening news...
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Linguistic manipulation in the daily press
Škubová, Eva ; Šoltys, Otakar (advisor) ; Švelch, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis deals with the topic of the language of news reporting in the Czech print mass media with relation to its neutrality and objectivity. Using the society's high expectations about the quality and truthfulness of the media content as a starting point, it explores the influences on the media product. Furthermore, based on the classic linguistic categories, it describes the typical means of linguistic manipulation in texts. In its other part, it analyses the cover pages of Czech dailies to find out to what extend the means of linguistic manipulation are still being used.
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Reliability of evaluation in selected technical subjects
Konvičková, Hana ; Tvrzová, Ivana (advisor) ; Kasíková, Hana (referee)
v anglickém jazyce Annotation In the theoretical part of my bachelor thesis I deal with the definitions of school evaluation, conception of the current evaluation, types of evaluation, characteristics of evaluation, specifications of the secondary technical school evaluation, as well as the assessment in specialised subjects and reliability of the assessment as the condition of the objective evaluation. The empirical part deals with the level of reliability in the assessment of a set task in the subject - Commercial - Law Correspondence. The written and oral communication and written and electronic communication. The teachers of this subject, at three secondary technical schools in Prague 1, 4 and 9, were asked to give students a specific task and assess it according set criteria. One of the assessors was the teacher of the subject and I was the second one. The reliability was defined as the identity rate of the independent assessment of the same school tasks carried out by two assessors. In the summary I reflect the contribution and drawbacks of the research and the task assessment done by the other teachers and my own assessment. I try to suggest the steps for following the basic rules of criteria in business letters.
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Frege and Husserl on Objectivity
Jankovská, Lenka ; Peregrin, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Beran, Ondřej (referee)
This bachelor thesis is concerned with early works of significant logi- cians and philosophers Gottlob Frege and Edmund Husserl at the turn of the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries. Most importantly, it deals with their solution of the objectivity of arithmetic and the objectivity itself. At first they both started in the same direction and they har- shly rejected psychologism. They also introduced similar differentiation of sense and reference. According to Frege, the reference of a sentence is a truth value, however, according to Husserl, it is a state of affairs. The sense is the way of referring to an object, also called intentionality. The sense in a sentence is a thought according to Frege and it is a noema according to Husserl. They both put emphasis on objectivity of number but they gradually went in different direction. Frege identified number with extension of concept, however, this subsequently let his system to dispute. Husserl derived number by abstraction, which exposed him to Frege's harsh criticism. Key words Frege, Husserl, objectivity, logic
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