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The Analogy and the Difference of Rawls' and Habermas' Theory of Democracy
Novák, Marek ; Šimsa, Martin (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The subject of this thesis is the description of two current normative models of democracy which were created by John Rawls and Jürgen Habermas. The aim of this thesis is to describe the most important ideas of these authors presented in their major works, compare them with each other and then highlight some similarities and differences. I will focus on their vision for western democratic societies and international dimension of their theories. I will focus on methodology as well. The question I would like to answer is: to which extend could be these theories of democracy considered as the theories of liberal democracy? First I will deal with John Rawls's approach. In A Theory of Justice he introduced interesting idea of the social contract restoration and the establishment of two principles of justice in the original position. This work can be read as defence of human rights. Next I will focus on Political Liberalism. In Political liberalism Rawls is interested in securing human and civic rights for members of modern pluralist democracies. He is introducing here the idea of an overlapping consensus. This idea should maintain the stability of a system. The Law of Peoples is the attempt to bring his theory to international level. Next I will move to Jürgen Habermas. I will mention his early works -...
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European citizens' initiative: An effective tool of participatory democracy?
Fitzeková, Tereza ; Kasáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (referee)
European citizens' initiative was introduced by the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and further specified by Regulation (EU) No 211/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 2011, as a tool of participatory democracy; and this thesis examines whether European citizens' initiative is an effective tool. It starts with an introduction of theories of legitimacy and democratic deficit related to the European Union, in connection with which the European citizens' initiative came into existence, and also the theory of participatory democracy, within the scope of which the European citizens' initiative can be placed. The thesis then specifies three criteria in order to examine the effectiveness of this tool. In the first criterion, it analyses the criteria set for the European citizens' initiative in the above-mentioned Regulation in comparison with similar tools on national levels, and with regard to other academic analyses on this topic. In the second criterion, the thesis examines citizens who use European citizens' initiative on the basis of a questionnaire among representatives and substitutes of selected initiatives. In the third criterion, it analyses up-to-date results of two initiatives with closed collection of statements and with European Commission's conclusions,...
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The meaning of counter-revolution in two waves of thought
Jarolím, Lukáš ; Sládek, Jan (advisor) ; Mlynář, Jakub (referee)
Aim of this thesis is to understand the mening of word counterrevolution. It does so by analyzing and interpreting moder nand traditional thought, focusing namely on social dynamics and also analyzing authors, who belou to traditional wave of thought. They are authors who directly interpreted French revolution and then authors who continued thein work. Question about legitimacy of counterrevolution and about counterrevolution per se will be raised. Keywords: counter-revolution, revolution, order, conservatism, legitimacy
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Direct presidential election in Czech Republic
Ryčlová, Dorota ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Ondřejková, Jana (referee)
- Direct presidential election in the Czech Republic: reasons, conditions, consequences This diploma thesis is concerned with different aspects of implementation of the direct presidential election in the Czech Republic. It is aimed to discover the actual reasons for passing the Constitutional Act No. 71/2012 Coll., which introduces this institute into the Czech constitutional system. For the purpose of doing so, the thesis is divided into three parts. The first one presents and evaluates particular arguments (historical, political, constitutional, legal etc.), which were used by the proponents of this institute on one hand and by its opponents on the other. The content of the second part is the most extensive as it follows up the comparison of bills attempting to implement the direct presidential election into the Constitutional Act since 2001 up to the present. Therefore this part contains thirteen bills in total, including the one, which later becomes the Act No. 71/2012 Coll. Individual bills are compared and contrasted. The pertinent political and social circumstances accompanying their origin are also briefly mentioned. As the result of this comparison the author comes to the conclusion that the true motive to pass the Constitutional Act No. 71/2012 Coll does not lie in its content or its...
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About the Cheese from Mokrá in Other Perspective
Prokopová, Martina ; Pauknerová, Karolína (advisor) ; Tošner, Jiří (referee)
The topic of the thesis is the production of cheese in a slovak village Mokrá. It is described from the perspective of Actors-Network theory and from the practice-turn point of view. The thesis combines the results of an ethnographic research on the location with an experimental ethnographic writing. It all comes from the notion, that cheese can be considered as an actor, that is able to influence physical and socio-cultural life of the cheesemongers. The cheese is taken as hybrid, natural, discursive and collective character. The author focuses on the agency of cheese primarily in the relationship to the bodies of the cheesemongers using the concept of practical understanding, as well as in the relationship to the landscape using the concept of terroir and taskscapes. In order to see the phenomenon of homemade cheese from a new perspective, the author writes from different space-time perspectives. At the beginning the space-time perspective is extended, so cheese is perceived as an event, what enables us to find new actors in the cheese production process. Afterwards the perspective is reduced to the world of the lactic acid bacteria to discover their impact on the cheese production, its taste and quality and on the discurse of micro-biopolitics. A separate part of the thesis is focused on the...
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Protection of personality in scope of legal philosophy and applicable law
Němec, Ronald ; Gerloch, Aleš (advisor) ; Harvánek, Jaromír (referee) ; Beran, Karel (referee)
PROTECTION OF PERSONALITY IN SCOPE OF LEGAL PHILOSOPHY AND APPLICABLE LAW 1. Summary We can see law from two main perspectives. Law is either complex of written regulations, which are prepared by human beings based on some interests or it is a complex of rules, which altough are written, but its nature are originating from higher normative system. First is a present perspective. Current law science is prefering valid law as complex of regulations published in statute book. What is not banned by law, is allowed. Though this law philosophy is leading to instability in society. Every year legislator is making hundreds of amendements and create new laws to cover new circumstances which appear in the society. Despite legislator effort is society further unsatisfied with legal state. Society claims that law is enforceable for those who are able to hire big law firms, which can find neccesary grey areas. Immanuel Kant among the first draw a problem between legality and legitimacy. But it is not only matter of legislator whether he acts legitimately or legally, but as well as of receiver of law norm. Is every legal act of the recepient of the legal order of the Czech Republic legal as legitimate? Legal yes, if in conformity with legal order. But is it even legitimate? And is it moral? For juspositivism is...
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Violence and the Political
Svorník, Petr ; Slačálek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Bíba, Jan (referee)
The main subject of this paper is the course of state and violence under the impact of processes of globalization and privatization, culminating in the beginning of 21st century. Max Weber's definition of state as the monopoly on legitimate violence within certain area is highlighted, the aim of this work is to show current unsustainability of a nation state by this definition and also to describe other possible meanings of state in globalized world. After the theoretical introduction characterization of historical process of monopolization of violence by the state follows - contemporary course looks like the exact opposite of historical process, during which the state expropriated all of the other possessors of rights to use physical force. Next chapter depicts the present-day role of the state in globalized world and also possible re-interpretaions of this role for new, cosmpolitan state, whose task should be worldwide promotion of human rights and defence against planetary self-destruction. The paper is closed by emphasis on openness of the whole process - transnational companies try to promote an opinion that there is no chance of state's survival - that is true, but only for the state defined in national, not cosmopolitan terms.
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From the Ordo of Mainz up to the Liber visionum: the concept of the medieval kingship under the rule of Henry II and Henry III in the mirror of selected historical sources
Navrátil, Petr ; Suchánek, Drahomír (advisor) ; Drška, Václav (referee)
The purpose of the study is to analyse and to compare the reign of two rulers of Francia Orientalis - Henry II and Henry III. The reason for the author's research is that the conception of the legitimization of kingship is nowadays a highly discussed issue and it is one of the most significant tasks the medieval research is facing. Methods used in this study are analysis and comparison. The study is composed of six chapters, each of them dealing with different aspect of the legitimization of kingship. Chapter One is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the study. Chapter Two examines relevant specialized discursus. Chapter Three deals with the sources of medieval thinking and consists of three parts. Part One explains the terms of sacrality and legitimacy. Part Two focuses on the roots of sacral kingship. Part Three investigates the history of legitimization of kingship in the Frankish Empire. Chapter Four is subdivided into four parts and it mainly provides an outline of Henry's II reign and examines relevant historical sources. Part One discusses the policy of Henry's predecessor Otto III. Part Two is an analysis of relevant historical sources. Part Three examines Henry's policy. Intermediate conclusions are drawn in Part Four. Chapter Five endeavours to explain and analyse the...
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